Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1201/9781003076889-22
A. Kingston-Smith, M. Theodorou
{"title":"Death of plant cells and their contribution to rumen function.","authors":"A. Kingston-Smith, M. Theodorou","doi":"10.1201/9781003076889-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003076889-22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22134,"journal":{"name":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":"289-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86421298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1201/9781003076889-17
M. Griffin, E. Verderio
{"title":"Tissue transglutaminase in cell death.","authors":"M. Griffin, E. Verderio","doi":"10.1201/9781003076889-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003076889-17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22134,"journal":{"name":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology","volume":"33 1","pages":"223-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85657667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1201/9781003076889-16
C. Norbury
{"title":"Regulation of cell cycle arrest and cell death--alternative responses to DNA damage.","authors":"C. Norbury","doi":"10.1201/9781003076889-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003076889-16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22134,"journal":{"name":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology","volume":"52 1","pages":"213-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87451232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1201/9781003076889-19
I. Bowen, F. Amin
{"title":"Tumour cell death.","authors":"I. Bowen, F. Amin","doi":"10.1201/9781003076889-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003076889-19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22134,"journal":{"name":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology","volume":"17 1","pages":"253-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83559368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-07-01DOI: 10.4324/9780203487709-10
A. Vermeulen
The co-evolution of Eimeria and its host the domestic chicken has resulted in a delicate balance of mutual understanding and respect. This balance has been broken by the complete change of the environment in which the parasite was able to reproduce to such an extent that the host, stressed and weakened by heat, crowding and concurrent infections could not combat the shear numbers of organisms. The use of drugs to control the situation has been shown to only temporarily create relief. Resistance widely developed by the flexible genome of the parasite returned new drugs at a greater speed than they had been developed. Improved hygienic measures, better facility management and good understanding of epidemiology of the parasites spreading and proliferation seem the first and most promising set of tools to control the balance. Reduction of stock density may only provide any relief if this is done at a factor of 10 or higher and this is not a realistic measure in relation to the profit. Free-range chickens are an alternative if only animal welfare is at stake. However, in terms of prevalence of parasitic infections, such as coccidia, helminthes or ectoparasites, chickens do not seem to be better off (Permin et al., 2002). Immunological surveillance and the development of safe, effective and economical vaccines are further refinements that can be used to restore the relationship between parasite and host. Several live vaccines are effective and applied, but certainly have drawbacks in safety and production. New technology such as recombinant vectors together with a better understanding of the cell biology of the parasite from biological and genomic information should provide improved vaccines for the future. The strong genetically determined characteristics involved in the induction and maintenance of a sustainable protective immune response might turn out to be of decisive importance for the success of these strategies. The consequences for the physiology of the parasite remain to be understood.
艾美耳球虫和它的宿主家鸡的共同进化导致了相互理解和尊重的微妙平衡。这种平衡被环境的完全改变所打破，在这种环境中，寄生虫能够繁殖到这样一种程度，即宿主受到高温、拥挤和并发感染的压力和削弱，无法对抗数量急剧减少的生物体。使用药物来控制局势已被证明只能暂时缓解。疟原虫灵活的基因组广泛产生的耐药性使新药以比它们开发时更快的速度返回。改善卫生措施、更好的设施管理和对寄生虫传播和增殖的流行病学的充分了解似乎是控制这种平衡的第一套和最有希望的工具。减少库存密度可能只提供任何救济，如果这是在10或更高的因素，这不是一个现实的措施，与利润有关。如果动物福利受到威胁，自由放养的鸡是另一种选择。然而，就球虫、蠕虫或体外寄生虫等寄生虫感染的流行程度而言，鸡的情况似乎并不好(Permin et al.， 2002)。免疫监测和开发安全、有效和经济的疫苗是可用于恢复寄生虫和宿主之间关系的进一步改进。有几种活疫苗是有效和应用的，但在安全和生产方面肯定存在缺陷。重组载体等新技术，加上从生物学和基因组信息中更好地了解寄生虫的细胞生物学，应能为未来提供改进的疫苗。在诱导和维持可持续的保护性免疫反应中涉及的强烈的遗传决定特征可能对这些策略的成功具有决定性的重要性。对寄生虫的生理影响仍有待了解。
{"title":"Avian coccidiosis: a disturbed host-parasite relationship to be restored.","authors":"A. Vermeulen","doi":"10.4324/9780203487709-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203487709-10","url":null,"abstract":"The co-evolution of Eimeria and its host the domestic chicken has resulted in a delicate balance of mutual understanding and respect. This balance has been broken by the complete change of the environment in which the parasite was able to reproduce to such an extent that the host, stressed and weakened by heat, crowding and concurrent infections could not combat the shear numbers of organisms. The use of drugs to control the situation has been shown to only temporarily create relief. Resistance widely developed by the flexible genome of the parasite returned new drugs at a greater speed than they had been developed. Improved hygienic measures, better facility management and good understanding of epidemiology of the parasites spreading and proliferation seem the first and most promising set of tools to control the balance. Reduction of stock density may only provide any relief if this is done at a factor of 10 or higher and this is not a realistic measure in relation to the profit. Free-range chickens are an alternative if only animal welfare is at stake. However, in terms of prevalence of parasitic infections, such as coccidia, helminthes or ectoparasites, chickens do not seem to be better off (Permin et al., 2002). Immunological surveillance and the development of safe, effective and economical vaccines are further refinements that can be used to restore the relationship between parasite and host. Several live vaccines are effective and applied, but certainly have drawbacks in safety and production. New technology such as recombinant vectors together with a better understanding of the cell biology of the parasite from biological and genomic information should provide improved vaccines for the future. The strong genetically determined characteristics involved in the induction and maintenance of a sustainable protective immune response might turn out to be of decisive importance for the success of these strategies. The consequences for the physiology of the parasite remain to be understood.","PeriodicalId":22134,"journal":{"name":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":"211-41; discussion 243-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82099826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nuclear dynamics in higher plants.","authors":"David W Galbraith","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22134,"journal":{"name":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology","volume":" 56","pages":"217-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24831498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative aspects of the tick-host relationship: immunobiology, genomics and proteomics.","authors":"F. Alarcón-Chaidez, S. Wikel","doi":"10.4324/9780203487709-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203487709-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22134,"journal":{"name":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":"185-209; discussion 243-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78980867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The nuclear envelope: a comparative overview.","authors":"David E Evans, John A Bryant, Chris Hutchison","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22134,"journal":{"name":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology","volume":" 56","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24830960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calcium/calmodulin-binding transcription activators in plants and animals.","authors":"Fawzi Taleb, Hillel Fromm","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22134,"journal":{"name":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology","volume":" 56","pages":"297-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24831503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LEM-domain proteins share a folded structure, the 'LEM-domain', which binds a conserved chromatin protein named BAF. Most LEM-domain proteins are found at the nuclear membrane, but some are nucleoplasmic. All characterized members of this family bind nuclear lamin filaments. We summarize the 'founding' LEM-domain proteins LAP2, emerin and MAN1 ('SANE' or 'XMAN' in Xenopus) and their emerging roles in gene regulation and nuclear assembly. These roles are placed in the context of human diseases ('laminopathies') caused by mutations in either emerin or A-type lamins. Other LEM-domain proteins might modify the phenotype or severity of human laminopathy, or cause new laminopathies. We summarize evidence that the human genome encodes at least four additional LEM-domain proteins, designated Lem2 (NET-25), Lem3, Lem4 and Lem5. Early adaptation of a consistent nomenclature, such as the "Lem" names proposed here, will facilitate rapid progress in this field. Further investigation of 'founder' and novel members of this family will be important to understand nuclear structure, and presents new opportunities to understand human disease.
{"title":"All in the family: evidence for four new LEM-domain proteins Lem2 (NET-25), Lem3, Lem4 and Lem5 in the human genome.","authors":"Kenneth K Lee, Katherine L Wilson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>LEM-domain proteins share a folded structure, the 'LEM-domain', which binds a conserved chromatin protein named BAF. Most LEM-domain proteins are found at the nuclear membrane, but some are nucleoplasmic. All characterized members of this family bind nuclear lamin filaments. We summarize the 'founding' LEM-domain proteins LAP2, emerin and MAN1 ('SANE' or 'XMAN' in Xenopus) and their emerging roles in gene regulation and nuclear assembly. These roles are placed in the context of human diseases ('laminopathies') caused by mutations in either emerin or A-type lamins. Other LEM-domain proteins might modify the phenotype or severity of human laminopathy, or cause new laminopathies. We summarize evidence that the human genome encodes at least four additional LEM-domain proteins, designated Lem2 (NET-25), Lem3, Lem4 and Lem5. Early adaptation of a consistent nomenclature, such as the \"Lem\" names proposed here, will facilitate rapid progress in this field. Further investigation of 'founder' and novel members of this family will be important to understand nuclear structure, and presents new opportunities to understand human disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":22134,"journal":{"name":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology","volume":" 56","pages":"329-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24831505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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