Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/03071847.2023.2190352
Alexander Lanoszka, Michael A. Hunzeker
Counterterrorism and counterinsurgency have altered the make-up and doctrinal practices of many Allied militaries. As a result, and also because the US has reduced its European military presence since the Cold War, defence planners have had to develop innovative solutions for deterring potential adversaries who have spent the ‘Global War on Terrorism’ recapitalising their own militaries for conventional operations. One such adaptation was the Enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) – a set of four multinational, battalion-sized Battlegroups created by NATO to bolster deterrence and defence against Russia. Alexander Lanoszka and Michael A Hunzeker evaluate this military adaptation against the vulnerabilities and challenges highlighted by observers around the time of its inception. Although measuring deterrence success remains elusive, the eFP has not experienced many of the anticipated difficulties thanks to the efforts made by participating countries.◼
反恐怖主义和反叛乱已经改变了许多盟国军队的构成和教义实践。因此，也因为美国自冷战以来减少了在欧洲的军事存在，国防规划者不得不开发创新的解决方案，以威慑那些在“全球反恐战争”中对自己的军队进行资本重组以进行常规行动的潜在对手。其中一个调整就是增强前沿存在(eFP)——北约为加强对俄罗斯的威慑和防御而创建的四个营大小的多国战斗群。亚历山大·拉诺斯卡(Alexander Lanoszka)和迈克尔·A·亨泽克(Michael A Hunzeker)对这种军事适应进行了评估，以应对观察员在其开始时所强调的脆弱性和挑战。尽管衡量威慑成功与否仍然难以捉摸，但由于参与国的努力，该计划并没有遇到预期中的许多困难
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Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/03071847.2023.2207595
T. Young
Central and Eastern European air forces have been, or are being, modernised by procuring fourth-generation multi-role fighter aircraft. Experience from these air forces demonstrates that, to varying degrees, communist legacy institutional concepts that were designed for Soviet/Russian fighter aircraft remain active in these defence institutions. On the basis of these experiences and lessons learned, Thomas-Durell Young identifies institutional capacity-building solutions and aligns needed ministerial-level policy to key actors in the defence institutions that can be used to bring these aircraft to higher fully mission capable rates.◼
{"title":"Reinforcing NATO’s Eastern Airspace","authors":"T. Young","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2207595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2207595","url":null,"abstract":"Central and Eastern European air forces have been, or are being, modernised by procuring fourth-generation multi-role fighter aircraft. Experience from these air forces demonstrates that, to varying degrees, communist legacy institutional concepts that were designed for Soviet/Russian fighter aircraft remain active in these defence institutions. On the basis of these experiences and lessons learned, Thomas-Durell Young identifies institutional capacity-building solutions and aligns needed ministerial-level policy to key actors in the defence institutions that can be used to bring these aircraft to higher fully mission capable rates.◼","PeriodicalId":221517,"journal":{"name":"The RUSI Journal","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133281228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/03071847.2023.2202523
Joshua Stewart
The past decade of national security interventions designed to counter or offer alternatives to extremist narratives have had questionable efficacy. Too frequently, interventions have been overly concerned with ‘message dominance’, focusing on ‘what’ people think, at the expense of ‘how’ people think. Intervention strategies have fundamentally ignored the role of cognitive processing in extremist decision making. This is in spite of an increasing body of evidence which demonstrates that low cognitive complexity (black and white thinking) is a recurrent contributing factor to extremist decision making. In this article, Joshua Stewart introduces Integrative Complexity (IC), a psychological measure of cognitive complexity. Through a hypothetical futures scenario, he explores the wider potential of IC in meeting national security objectives and poses that even the most obdurate, black and white thinking can be leveraged towards positive behaviours.◼
{"title":"Linguistic Fingerprints and Ideological Fragmentation","authors":"Joshua Stewart","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2202523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2202523","url":null,"abstract":"The past decade of national security interventions designed to counter or offer alternatives to extremist narratives have had questionable efficacy. Too frequently, interventions have been overly concerned with ‘message dominance’, focusing on ‘what’ people think, at the expense of ‘how’ people think. Intervention strategies have fundamentally ignored the role of cognitive processing in extremist decision making. This is in spite of an increasing body of evidence which demonstrates that low cognitive complexity (black and white thinking) is a recurrent contributing factor to extremist decision making. In this article, Joshua Stewart introduces Integrative Complexity (IC), a psychological measure of cognitive complexity. Through a hypothetical futures scenario, he explores the wider potential of IC in meeting national security objectives and poses that even the most obdurate, black and white thinking can be leveraged towards positive behaviours.◼","PeriodicalId":221517,"journal":{"name":"The RUSI Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133624065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/03071847.2023.2193529
Maurizio Recordati Koen
Maurizio Recordati Koen argues that ‘strategy’ originated as an abstract and generic concept. It indicated a branch of knowledge, the practical purpose of which was educational. As the term ‘strategy’ spread in popular literature, it transformed into a reified method with executive logic, notwithstanding the reticence of military scholars, who continued to consider it a science or art.◼
{"title":"The ‘Stuff of Strategy’","authors":"Maurizio Recordati Koen","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2193529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2193529","url":null,"abstract":"Maurizio Recordati Koen argues that ‘strategy’ originated as an abstract and generic concept. It indicated a branch of knowledge, the practical purpose of which was educational. As the term ‘strategy’ spread in popular literature, it transformed into a reified method with executive logic, notwithstanding the reticence of military scholars, who continued to consider it a science or art.◼","PeriodicalId":221517,"journal":{"name":"The RUSI Journal","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125843485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/03071847.2023.2195751
Carlos Solar
Whether Russia’s military and diplomatic commitments to Venezuela will change because of the Russia-Ukraine war poses a series of pressing questions for the sanctioned and isolated regime in Caracas. Carlos Solar argues that years of propaganda have allowed Caracas to control and execute a disinformation campaign that does not cast Moscow as the aggressor in the 2014 Crimea annexation or the current invasion of Ukraine. Given Russia’s and Venezuela’s previous records of global norms defiance, the war in Ukraine solidifies Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro’s anti-Western discourse, moving Caracas closer to other autocratic regimes and ultimately aiding their efforts in establishing a trilateral world order together with the US and China, in which the Kremlin has a leading role. ◼
{"title":"Is Russia’s War in Ukraine Aiding the Survival of the Venezuelan Regime?","authors":"Carlos Solar","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2195751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2195751","url":null,"abstract":"Whether Russia’s military and diplomatic commitments to Venezuela will change because of the Russia-Ukraine war poses a series of pressing questions for the sanctioned and isolated regime in Caracas. Carlos Solar argues that years of propaganda have allowed Caracas to control and execute a disinformation campaign that does not cast Moscow as the aggressor in the 2014 Crimea annexation or the current invasion of Ukraine. Given Russia’s and Venezuela’s previous records of global norms defiance, the war in Ukraine solidifies Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro’s anti-Western discourse, moving Caracas closer to other autocratic regimes and ultimately aiding their efforts in establishing a trilateral world order together with the US and China, in which the Kremlin has a leading role. ◼","PeriodicalId":221517,"journal":{"name":"The RUSI Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121397429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/03071847.2023.2200071
Beatrice Heuser
{"title":"Airpower Pioneers: From Billy Mitchell to Dave Deptula","authors":"Beatrice Heuser","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2200071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2200071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":221517,"journal":{"name":"The RUSI Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125508080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/03071847.2023.2195266
Scott Sherriff
As Putin’s war in Ukraine rages on, Scott Sherriff presents the forgotten role Britain played in another of Russia’s wars: the 1917–22 Russian Civil War. He challenges prevailing interpretations regarding a lack of coherent policy and an anti-Bolshevik crusade led by Winston Churchill as being the primary motivators for Britain’s intervention stance. Conversely, he contends that generals ‘on the spot’ altered the nature of Britain’s intervention by actively engaging the Bolsheviks, despite official policy declaring their role was to arm and train White Russian forces only.◼
{"title":"Britain’s Forgotten Intervention in Russia, 1918–21","authors":"Scott Sherriff","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2195266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2195266","url":null,"abstract":"As Putin’s war in Ukraine rages on, Scott Sherriff presents the forgotten role Britain played in another of Russia’s wars: the 1917–22 Russian Civil War. He challenges prevailing interpretations regarding a lack of coherent policy and an anti-Bolshevik crusade led by Winston Churchill as being the primary motivators for Britain’s intervention stance. Conversely, he contends that generals ‘on the spot’ altered the nature of Britain’s intervention by actively engaging the Bolsheviks, despite official policy declaring their role was to arm and train White Russian forces only.◼","PeriodicalId":221517,"journal":{"name":"The RUSI Journal","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129540463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/03071847.2023.2213063
Patrick Hinton
Military forces possess a significant amount of data that is currently unexploited, but which could unlock potential, improve retention and transform recruitment. Until now, the use of big data, artificial intelligence and machine learning has been largely limited to battlefield applications. Patrick Hinton explores the data available, the potential of technology to harness this information and the opportunities, risks and challenges in pursuing such a course of action.◼
{"title":"Put Latent Data to Work","authors":"Patrick Hinton","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2213063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2213063","url":null,"abstract":"Military forces possess a significant amount of data that is currently unexploited, but which could unlock potential, improve retention and transform recruitment. Until now, the use of big data, artificial intelligence and machine learning has been largely limited to battlefield applications. Patrick Hinton explores the data available, the potential of technology to harness this information and the opportunities, risks and challenges in pursuing such a course of action.◼","PeriodicalId":221517,"journal":{"name":"The RUSI Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127392902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/03071847.2023.2199785
John R. McFarland
The US, China and Russia are each competing to develop and field hypersonic weapons. Is this competition an arms race? What factors are driving the competition? John McFarland uses Colin S Gray’s four criteria for arms racing to explore each question and analyse the hypersonic weapon competition ongoing between the three states.◼
{"title":"The Development of Hypersonic Weapons in the US, China and Russia","authors":"John R. McFarland","doi":"10.1080/03071847.2023.2199785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2199785","url":null,"abstract":"The US, China and Russia are each competing to develop and field hypersonic weapons. Is this competition an arms race? What factors are driving the competition? John McFarland uses Colin S Gray’s four criteria for arms racing to explore each question and analyse the hypersonic weapon competition ongoing between the three states.◼","PeriodicalId":221517,"journal":{"name":"The RUSI Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123350287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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