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Surgical Neurology最新文献

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Commentary 评论
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2009.02.019
Graciela N. Zuccaro MD, PhD
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引用次数: 0
Commentary 评论
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2009.03.031
Konstantin V. Slavin MD
{"title":"Commentary","authors":"Konstantin V. Slavin MD","doi":"10.1016/j.surneu.2009.03.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2009.03.031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22153,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology","volume":"72 6","pages":"Page 586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surneu.2009.03.031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137326061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Commentary 评论
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2009.05.004
Hiroshi Nakagawa MD
{"title":"Commentary","authors":"Hiroshi Nakagawa MD","doi":"10.1016/j.surneu.2009.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2009.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22153,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology","volume":"72 6","pages":"Page 634"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surneu.2009.05.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137326532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Commentary 评论
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2009.05.032
Liang Chen MD, Liang-Fu Zhou MD
{"title":"Commentary","authors":"Liang Chen MD, Liang-Fu Zhou MD","doi":"10.1016/j.surneu.2009.05.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2009.05.032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22153,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages S9-S10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surneu.2009.05.032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137334725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Commentary 评论
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2009.09.006
Konstantin Slavin MD
{"title":"Commentary","authors":"Konstantin Slavin MD","doi":"10.1016/j.wneu.2009.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2009.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22153,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Page S65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wneu.2009.09.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137334728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantitative analysis of motor neurons of the levator ani muscle in fetal rats with spina bifida occulta 隐性脊柱裂胎鼠提肛肌运动神经元的定量分析
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2008.09.027
Yong Li MD, Xiang-Yu Hou MD, Zheng-Wei Yuan MD, Wei-Lin Wang MD

Background

With the combination of microsurgery and microinjection techniques, we investigated the development of motor neurons in the spinal cord of fetal rats with spina bifida occulta by injecting the retrograde trace FG into the levator ani muscle.

Methods

The fetal rats were divided into 3 groups. On the day 9 of gestation, 6 mature Wistar rats (weighing 250-300 g) in the control group (group 1) were subcutaneously injected with 0.5 mL of normal saline at their hind limbs at 9:00 am and 4:00 pm. At these 2 time points, 15 rats in the treatment group (group 2 and group 3) were subcutaneously injected with 20% sodium valproate solution (400 mg/kg of body weight) at their hind limbs, too. On the day 20 of gestation, pregnant rats were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (300 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitoneally, and then fetal microsurgery and microinjection were performed to expose the levator ani muscle, whereas 5% FG was administered with microinjector. Twenty-four hours later, transcardial perfusion of 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was given to the operated fetus. After the spine sample was stained with Alcian blue GX, the image of stained spine was measured using a computer system for the distance of the 2 cartilaginous ends of the vertebra arch. Then, the lumbosacral spinal cord was cryopreserved in 20% sucrose in PBS for a later serial transverse cryosection after 24 hours. The FG-labeled motor neurons were visualized with a wide-band ultraviolet-fluorescent filter, and the number of the FG-labeled motor neurons was recorded. Nine fetal rats survived in group 1. Eighteen fetal rats survived in the treatment group, including 7 (with no malformation) of 18 fetuses in group 2 and 11 fetuses with spina bifida occulta in group 3.

Results

The FG-labeled motor neurons in the ventral horn of normal spinal cord clustered at the dorsolateral and dorsomedial corner of the ventral horn. The FG-labeled motor neurons in the ventral horn of deformed spinal cord were less than that of normal spinal cord, and the motor neurons were scattered around the space between the dorsomedial and dorsolateral corners. The number of FG-labeled motor neurons was 244 ± 41 in group 3, 426 ± 36 in group 1, and 397 ± 20 in group 2. The data were stastistically significant if P < .05.

Conclusion

The motor neurons that innervate the levator ani muscle in fetal rats with spina bifida occulta are fewer than the normal fetal rats, and they are arranged in abnormal distribution.

本研究采用显微外科和显微注射相结合的方法,在提肛肌内注射逆行微量FG,观察隐性脊柱裂胎鼠脊髓运动神经元的发育情况。方法将胎鼠分为3组。妊娠第9天,对照组(1组)6只体重250 ~ 300 g的成年Wistar大鼠,分别于上午9:00和下午4:00在后肢皮下注射生理盐水0.5 mL。治疗组(2、3组)15只大鼠在2个时间点后肢皮下注射20%丙戊酸钠溶液(400 mg/kg体重)。妊娠第20天,用10%水合氯醛(300 mg/kg体重)腹腔麻醉妊娠大鼠,采用胎儿显微手术和显微注射暴露肛提肌,5%水合氯醛微注射器给药。24小时后,经心脏灌注4%多聚甲醛的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)给手术的胎儿。脊柱样本用阿利新蓝GX染色后,用计算机系统测量染色后的脊柱图像,测量椎弓的2个软骨末端的距离。然后,腰骶脊髓在20%蔗糖PBS中低温保存,24小时后进行连续横切。用紫外荧光宽频带滤光片观察运动神经元,记录运动神经元数量。1组9只胎鼠成活。治疗组18只胎鼠成活,其中2组18只胎鼠7只(无畸形),3组隐性脊柱裂胎鼠11只。结果正常脊髓腹角的运动神经元在腹角的背外侧和背内侧角聚集。畸形脊髓前角的运动神经元数量少于正常脊髓,运动神经元分布于脊髓背内侧角与背外侧角之间的间隙。第3组运动神经元数目为244±41个,第1组为426±36个,第2组为397±20个。P <. 05。结论隐性脊柱裂胎鼠支配提肛肌的运动神经元数量少于正常胎鼠,且呈异常分布。
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引用次数: 3
Hyaluronic acid inhibits the glial scar formation after brain damage with tissue loss in rats 透明质酸抑制大鼠脑组织损伤后神经胶质瘢痕形成
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2009.09.004
Chien-Min Lin MD , Jia-Wei Lin MD, PhD , Yen-Chou Chen PhD , Hsin-Hsin Shen PhD , Li Wei MD , Yi-Shian Yeh MD , Yung-Hsiao Chiang MD, PhD , Raymond Shih BS , Pei-Ling Chiu BS , Kuo-Sheng Hung MD, PhD , Liang-Yo Yang DVM, PhD , Wen-Ta Chiu MD, PhD

Background

Brain tissue scarring (gliosis) was believed to be the major cause of epileptic focus after brain injury, and prevention of scarring could reduce the incidence of seizure. We tried the HA coating onto the cortical brain defect of Spraque-Dawley rats to reduce the marginal glial scarring.

Methods

A 4 × 2 × 2 mm3 cortical defect was created in the brain of Spraque-Dawley rats. Three percent HA gel was coated onto the lesion for the experimental groups and normal saline solutions for the control groups. The brain was retrieved 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. The brains were then sectioned and processed for H&E and GFAP staining, and the thickness of the scarring and the number of GFAP+ cells were analyzed.

Results

The thickness of cutting marginal gliosis was significantly decreased in the HA groups. The 12-week HA group showed the smallest thickness of gliosis, whereas the 12-week control group exhibited the largest thickness of gliosis. The significant difference in the thickness of gliosis was also noted between the HA and the control groups 8 weeks after treatment. The number of GFAP+ cells was also significantly decreased in the HA groups when compared to the respective control group 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the surgery.

Conclusion

The results support the hypothesis that HA inhibits glial scarring not only by decreasing the thickness of gliosis but also by reducing the number of the glial cells. Furthermore, our results suggest that HA might be used to reduce glial scar formation in central nervous system surgery, which subsequently prevents the post-operation or posttraumatic seizure incidence.

脑组织瘢痕形成(神经胶质瘤)被认为是脑损伤后癫痫灶的主要原因,预防瘢痕形成可降低癫痫发作的发生率。我们尝试将透明质酸涂覆在大鼠皮质脑缺损上,以减少边缘胶质瘢痕的形成。方法在Spraque-Dawley大鼠脑内制造4 × 2 × 2 mm3皮质缺损。实验组涂3%透明质酸凝胶,对照组涂生理盐水。治疗后4、8、12周取脑。然后对脑组织进行切片处理,进行H&E和GFAP染色,分析瘢痕的厚度和GFAP+细胞的数量。结果透明质酸组大鼠切割边缘胶质瘤厚度明显降低。12周HA组胶质细胞厚度最小,12周对照组胶质细胞厚度最大。治疗8周后,HA组与对照组之间胶质瘤厚度也有显著差异。术后4周、8周和12周,与对照组相比,HA组GFAP+细胞数量也显著减少。结论透明质酸不仅通过减少胶质细胞厚度,而且通过减少胶质细胞数量来抑制胶质细胞瘢痕形成。此外,我们的研究结果表明,透明质酸可能用于减少中枢神经系统手术中神经胶质疤痕的形成,从而防止手术后或创伤后癫痫发作的发生。
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引用次数: 63
Biochemical alteration in cerebrospinal fluid precedes behavioral deficits in Parkinsonian rats induced by 6-hydroxydopamine 6-羟多巴胺诱导的帕金森大鼠脑脊液生化改变先于行为缺陷
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2009.09.005
Jia-Wei Lin MD, PhD , Chwen-Ming Shih PhD , Yen-Chou Chen PhD , Chien-Min Lin MD , Jo-Ting Tsai MD , Yung-Hsiao Chiang MD, PhD , Raymond Shih BS , Pei-Ling Chiu BS , Kuo-Sheng Hung MD, PhD , Yi-Shian Yeh MD , Li Wei MD , Wen-Ta Chiu MD, PhD , Liang-Yo Yang DVM, PhD

Background

Parkinson's disease, affecting at least 1% of population older than 65 years, is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. Up to now, no evidence has demonstrated that biochemical changes in CSF occur preceding the onset of Parkinson's symptoms. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that biochemical changes in CSF precede behavioral deficits in Parkinsonian animals.

Methods

We infused different doses of 6-OHDA into the MFB of rats bilaterally and examined the animals' movement behaviors, biochemical alterations in CSF, and dopaminergic neuronal number in the SNpc 1 week later.

Results

Our results indicated that animals with over 70% dopaminergic neuronal loss in the SNpc exhibited behavioral bradykinesia and rigidity, and a decrease of HVA in CSF. In contrast, animals with about 42% dopaminergic neuronal loss in the SNpc showed normal movement behaviors, but displayed a drastic decline of HVA in CSF. Furthermore, the number of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc was positively correlated with the HVA level in CSF.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that biochemical alteration in CSF foreruns behavioral deficits and the HVA level in CSF is positively correlated with the number of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc of Parkinsonian rats induced by 6-OHDA. Our results strongly suggest that additional studies are needed to evaluate usefulness of monitoring the HVA level in CSF for early detection of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc that precedes the onset of Parkinsonian symptoms in humans.

帕金森氏病是最常见的神经退行性运动障碍,影响65岁以上人口的至少1%。到目前为止,还没有证据表明脑脊液的生化变化发生在帕金森症状出现之前。在这项研究中,我们验证了帕金森动物脑脊液的生化变化先于行为缺陷的假设。方法双侧注入不同剂量的6-OHDA,观察1周后大鼠的运动行为、脑脊液生化变化及SNpc内多巴胺能神经元数量。结果SNpc多巴胺能神经元丢失超过70%的动物表现为行为迟缓和僵直,脑脊液HVA降低。相比之下,SNpc多巴胺能神经元丢失约42%的动物运动行为正常,但脑脊液HVA急剧下降。SNpc内多巴胺能神经元数量与脑脊液HVA水平呈正相关。结论6-OHDA诱导的帕金森大鼠SNpc中多巴胺能神经元数量与脑脊液中HVA水平呈正相关,脑脊液中生化改变先于行为缺陷。我们的研究结果强烈表明,需要进一步的研究来评估监测脑脊液中HVA水平对早期检测人类帕金森症状发作前SNpc中多巴胺能神经元丢失的有用性。
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引用次数: 1
Clinical practice guidelines in severe traumatic brain injury in Taiwan 台湾重型外伤性脑损伤临床实践指南
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2009.07.004
Kuo-Hsing Liao MD , Cheng-Kuei Chang MD, PhD , Hong-Chang Chang MD , Kun-Chuan Chang MD , Chieh-Feng Chen MD , Tzu-Yung Chen MD , Chi-Wen Chou MD , Wen-Yu Chung MD , Yung-Hsiao Chiang MD, PhD , Kuo-Sheng Hong MD, PhD , Sheng-Huang Hsiao MD, PhD , Yu-Hone Hsu MD , Hsu-Lin Huang MD, PhD , Sheng-Chien Huang MD , Ching-Chang Hung MD , Sui-Sum Kung MD , Ken N. Kuo MD, PhD , Kun-Hsing Li MD , Jia-Wei Lin MD, PhD , Tzu-Gan Lin MD , Wen-Ta Chiu MD, PhD

Background

Severe TBIs are major causes of disability and death in accidents. The Brain Trauma Foundation supported the first edition of the Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in 1995 and revised it in 2000. The recommendations in these guidelines are well accepted in the world.

There are still some different views on trauma mechanisms, pathogenesis, and managements in different areas. Individualized guidelines for different countries would be necessary, and Taiwan is no exception.

Methods

In November 2005, we organized the severe TBI guidelines committee and selected 9 topics, including ER treatment, ICP monitoring, CPP, fluid therapy, use of sedatives, nutrition, intracranial hypertension, seizure prophylaxis, and second-tier therapy. We have since searched key questions in these topics on Medline. References are classified into 8 levels of evidence: 1++, 1+, 1−, 2++, 2+, 2−, 3, and 4 based on the criteria of the SIGN.

Results

Recommendations are formed and graded as A, B, C, and D. Grade A means that at least one piece of evidence is rated as 1++, whereas grade B means inclusion of studies rated as 2++. Grade C means inclusion of references rated as 2+, and grade D means levels of evidence rated as 3 or 4.

Overall, 42 recommendations are formed. Three of these are rated as grade A, 13 as grade B, 21 as grade C, and 5 as grade D.

Conclusions

We have completed the first evidence-based, clinical practice guidelines for severe TBIs. It is hoped that the guidelines will provide concepts and recommendations to promote the quality of care for severe TBIs in Taiwan.

背景:严重的脑外伤是事故致残和死亡的主要原因。1995年,脑外伤基金会支持了第一版《严重创伤性脑损伤管理指南》,并于2000年对其进行了修订。这些指导方针中的建议在世界上得到广泛接受。不同地区对创伤的机制、发病机制和治疗仍有不同的看法。有必要针对不同国家制定个性化的指导方针,台湾也不例外。方法2005年11月,我们组织了重型颅脑损伤指南委员会,选择了9个主题,包括内质网治疗、颅内压监测、CPP、液体治疗、镇静剂的使用、营养、颅内高压、癫痫预防和二级治疗。我们已经在Medline上搜索了这些主题中的关键问题。参考文献根据SIGN的标准分为8个级别:1++、1+、1−、2++、2+、2−、3和4。结果建议形成并分为A、B、C和d。A级意味着至少有一项证据被评为1++,而B级意味着纳入了被评为2++的研究。C级意味着纳入的参考文献评级为2+,D级意味着证据水平评级为3或4。总共形成了42项建议。其中3例为A级,13例为B级,21例为C级,5例为d级。结论我们完成了首个以证据为基础的重度颅脑损伤临床实践指南。希望本指南能提供概念与建议,以提升台湾严重创伤性脑损伤的照护品质。
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引用次数: 12
Comparison of postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing surgery for ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysm 颅内动脉瘤破裂与未破裂患者术后认知功能的比较
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2009.06.016
Yasunari Otawara MD , Kuniaki Ogasawara MD , Yoshitaka Kubo MD , Hiroshi Kashimura MD , Akira Ogawa MD , Keiko Yamadate BSc

Background

Patients with SAH often experience cognitive decline. Previous studies used normal volunteers, published normal test values, and orthopedic patients as controls to identify factors for postoperative cognitive decline. The present study excluded the effects of surgery by comparing cognitive function after surgical repair in patients with aneurysmal SAH and patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm.

Methods

This study recruited 117 patients with SAH due to ruptured aneurysm and 39 patients with incidentally found unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The cognitive test battery consisted of the Japanese translation of the WAIS-R, the Japanese translation of the WMS, and the recall trial of the ROCF. Postoperative neuropsychological test scores for the patients with SAH and control subjects were compared using group-rate and event-rate analysis. The relationship between clinical variable and postoperative cognitive decline in the patients with SAH was evaluated by univariate analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test or χ2 test.

Results

Group-rate analysis showed that the WAIS-R and ROCF scores were significantly lower in the SAH group than in the control group. Event-rate analysis demonstrated that the incidence of cognitive decline in the patients with SAH (73 [62.4%] of the 117 patients) was significantly higher than that in the control subjects (12 [30.8%] of 39 patients). The Hunt and Hess grade was significantly higher in patients with postoperative cognitive decline.

Conclusion

The cognitive function after SAH was significantly correlated with Hunt and Hess grade on admission when using patients with postoperative unruptured intracranial aneurysm as the control group.

背景:SAH患者通常会出现认知能力下降。先前的研究使用正常志愿者、已公布的正常测试值和骨科患者作为对照,以确定术后认知能力下降的因素。本研究通过比较动脉瘤性SAH患者和未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者手术修复后的认知功能,排除手术的影响。方法选取117例颅内动脉瘤破裂并发SAH患者和39例意外发现颅内未破裂动脉瘤患者。认知测试组由WAIS-R的日文翻译、WMS的日文翻译和ROCF的回忆试验组成。采用组率和事件率分析比较SAH患者和对照组术后神经心理测试得分。采用单因素分析,采用Mann-Whitney U检验或χ2检验评价临床变量与SAH患者术后认知能力下降的关系。结果组率分析显示,SAH组WAIS-R和ROCF评分明显低于对照组。事件率分析显示,SAH患者的认知能力下降发生率(117例患者中73例[62.4%])显著高于对照组(39例患者中12例[30.8%])。术后认知能力下降患者的Hunt和Hess评分明显更高。结论以颅内动脉瘤术后未破裂患者为对照组,SAH后的认知功能与入院时的Hunt and Hess评分有显著相关。
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引用次数: 21
期刊
Surgical Neurology
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