Hirotaka Aoki, Koji Morishita, Marie Takahashi, Rea Machida, Kousuke Hirata, Atsushi Kudoh, Tsuyoshi Shirai
In the present paper, we apply a debriefing technique aided by eye movement recordings to elicitation of clinical reasoning processes during chest x-rays diagnosis. It can be expected that this technique allows us to obtain elaborated information regarding hidden cognitive processes compared to conventional verbal protocol approach. Two experiments where medical tasks of 20 medical doctors (10 majoring in radiology/ respiratology and 10 majoring in surgery/acute medicine) on diagnosis of chest x-rays images were recorded with a video camera and an eye tracking system were performed. In the first experiment, each one of 5 chest x-rays having four patterns of cancer, pneumonia, normal and others were shown. A participant was asked to make his/her diagnosis decisions about whether each of chest x-rays. Immediately afterwards, a debriefing where each eye tracking recording was used as a cue to verbalize the participant’s implicit diagnosis processes was conducted. In the second experiment, a comparative diagnosis on the current patient’s status was carried out. Five pairs of x-rays images were shown to each participant. In each pair, one was a current image and the other one was an image taken a year ago. The participant examined the current patient’s status by identifying small changes with time. The debriefing stimulated by eye movement recordings was performed just after the task. Based on the verbal protocols form the debriefing session, each participant’s reasoning processes were traced. The results indicated that there were mainly four effective reasoning strategies as followings: Postponement of lung field interpretation, avoidance of preconception by applying redundant scanning rule, critical area revisited, and complying with one’s mental check-list at any moment. At the same time, one problematic strategy was also identified that can be named as “single lesion focusing strategy.” Based on all results as well as implications obtained, we discuss insights relating to effective medical reasoning processes as well as validity of verbal protocols/comments on eye mark recordings.
{"title":"Elicitation of Diagnosis Strategy During Scanning Chest X-Rays from Eye Tracking Stimulated Retrospections","authors":"Hirotaka Aoki, Koji Morishita, Marie Takahashi, Rea Machida, Kousuke Hirata, Atsushi Kudoh, Tsuyoshi Shirai","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001605","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, we apply a debriefing technique aided by eye movement recordings to elicitation of clinical reasoning processes during chest x-rays diagnosis. It can be expected that this technique allows us to obtain elaborated information regarding hidden cognitive processes compared to conventional verbal protocol approach. Two experiments where medical tasks of 20 medical doctors (10 majoring in radiology/ respiratology and 10 majoring in surgery/acute medicine) on diagnosis of chest x-rays images were recorded with a video camera and an eye tracking system were performed. In the first experiment, each one of 5 chest x-rays having four patterns of cancer, pneumonia, normal and others were shown. A participant was asked to make his/her diagnosis decisions about whether each of chest x-rays. Immediately afterwards, a debriefing where each eye tracking recording was used as a cue to verbalize the participant’s implicit diagnosis processes was conducted. In the second experiment, a comparative diagnosis on the current patient’s status was carried out. Five pairs of x-rays images were shown to each participant. In each pair, one was a current image and the other one was an image taken a year ago. The participant examined the current patient’s status by identifying small changes with time. The debriefing stimulated by eye movement recordings was performed just after the task. Based on the verbal protocols form the debriefing session, each participant’s reasoning processes were traced. The results indicated that there were mainly four effective reasoning strategies as followings: Postponement of lung field interpretation, avoidance of preconception by applying redundant scanning rule, critical area revisited, and complying with one’s mental check-list at any moment. At the same time, one problematic strategy was also identified that can be named as “single lesion focusing strategy.” Based on all results as well as implications obtained, we discuss insights relating to effective medical reasoning processes as well as validity of verbal protocols/comments on eye mark recordings.","PeriodicalId":221615,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Cognitive Ergonomics and Engineering Psychology","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116504239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tourist maps are geographic maps designed for tourists that indicate the narrow course of tour itineraries such as foot routes, automobile or railroad travel routes, or some combination of these. Specialised maps serve as advertisements for tourism and as a means to publicise vacation spots, sightseeing landmarks, and tourist attractions. A good specialised tour map may combine both the functions of guiding tourism and broadening tourists' horizons of regional culture and historical attractions. A usable product can assist people in decision-making process, thus, taking account of users’ requirements to create an ‘Simple Interface’ is the strategy of this map design. This paper introduces the concept of a thematic tour map design that bases on the regeneration of Liverpool Albert Dock, to reveal the scenic spots in the regenerated post-industrial zone of the city. As one of the cultural products developed in the urban regeneration project, this knowledge-oriented map design takes account of human-centred design (HCD) approach, aimed to enhance the user's interactive experience, and add commemorative value to the product. Following the theory of three levels of design: function, form, and user experience (UX). The design focuses not only on: (1) the function of the map, such as illustrating geographic/transportation information and rendering regional cultural/industrial heritage attractions, but also (2) the aesthetic styling of the product to satisfy the commemorative/collection demand of tourists; and in particular, the design emphases (3) to improve the UX through creating an ergonomic user interface (UI). Applying product semantic/semiotics principle, this tourist-centred map design has proposed to create a simple interface of the map, and with the aesthetic form of graphic presentation, thereby, to provide the users an intuitive interaction with the map that enhances the users’ experience. In this map design, the tourist information of the city was highlighted to focus on regional culture and industrial heritage presentation. The contents were categorised into geographic information and knowledge sections. The map consists of Liverpool Attractions, City Centre Map, Mersey Rail Map and Albert Dock History. Having applied the foldable concept and 3D aerial style in the map design, the product helps the users to easily carry and use. In addition, the iconic post-industrial architectures of the dock and the colour of Liverpool urban landscapes were extracted, abstracted, and applied to the map design, aimed to add commemorative value and to reflect Liverpool’s distinctive scenic spots. Having targeted both to satisfy the functional requirements of the users and to introduce necessary/relevant knowledge of the city, this knowledge-oriented thematic map design offers accurate and humanised service, so as to improve the user’s experience in travelling. This paper expects to provide designers or researchers with an example of future map design, t
{"title":"Experiencing the History and Cultural Heritage: The Tourist Centred Map Design of Liverpool City","authors":"Xiaochun Zhan, Fang Bin Guo","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001611","url":null,"abstract":"The tourist maps are geographic maps designed for tourists that indicate the narrow course of tour itineraries such as foot routes, automobile or railroad travel routes, or some combination of these. Specialised maps serve as advertisements for tourism and as a means to publicise vacation spots, sightseeing landmarks, and tourist attractions. A good specialised tour map may combine both the functions of guiding tourism and broadening tourists' horizons of regional culture and historical attractions. A usable product can assist people in decision-making process, thus, taking account of users’ requirements to create an ‘Simple Interface’ is the strategy of this map design. This paper introduces the concept of a thematic tour map design that bases on the regeneration of Liverpool Albert Dock, to reveal the scenic spots in the regenerated post-industrial zone of the city. As one of the cultural products developed in the urban regeneration project, this knowledge-oriented map design takes account of human-centred design (HCD) approach, aimed to enhance the user's interactive experience, and add commemorative value to the product. Following the theory of three levels of design: function, form, and user experience (UX). The design focuses not only on: (1) the function of the map, such as illustrating geographic/transportation information and rendering regional cultural/industrial heritage attractions, but also (2) the aesthetic styling of the product to satisfy the commemorative/collection demand of tourists; and in particular, the design emphases (3) to improve the UX through creating an ergonomic user interface (UI). Applying product semantic/semiotics principle, this tourist-centred map design has proposed to create a simple interface of the map, and with the aesthetic form of graphic presentation, thereby, to provide the users an intuitive interaction with the map that enhances the users’ experience. In this map design, the tourist information of the city was highlighted to focus on regional culture and industrial heritage presentation. The contents were categorised into geographic information and knowledge sections. The map consists of Liverpool Attractions, City Centre Map, Mersey Rail Map and Albert Dock History. Having applied the foldable concept and 3D aerial style in the map design, the product helps the users to easily carry and use. In addition, the iconic post-industrial architectures of the dock and the colour of Liverpool urban landscapes were extracted, abstracted, and applied to the map design, aimed to add commemorative value and to reflect Liverpool’s distinctive scenic spots. Having targeted both to satisfy the functional requirements of the users and to introduce necessary/relevant knowledge of the city, this knowledge-oriented thematic map design offers accurate and humanised service, so as to improve the user’s experience in travelling. This paper expects to provide designers or researchers with an example of future map design, t","PeriodicalId":221615,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Cognitive Ergonomics and Engineering Psychology","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124253806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fang Bin Guo, Bingyu Wu, Matthew Wah, Zaili Yang, Eddie Blanco-Davis, Abdul Khalique, A. Bury
Despite the current effort on ship design associated with hull structure, navigational and propulsion, equipment design inadequacy still causes approximately one-third of all maritime accidents [1]. Human-centred design (HCD) can minimise human errors through maritime service design [2]. The core of HCD is to enhance the usability of products/systems and maximise user’s satisfaction. The Human-centred maritime design (HCMD) applies the HCD method in ship bridge design, and enhances OOW performance in vessel operation. Service design is categorised as a sub-category of industrial design [3], a specification and construction process to deliver valuable capacities for actions of a particular user [4]. Contemporary industrial designers increasingly produce concepts/solutions for services rather than physical products [5], which is expected to work across disciplines and understand users, technologies, and business [3]. Taking account of the five vital parts of service design: actors (seafarers), locations (ship bridge), props (interfaces), associates (vessel manufacturers), and processes (operation workflows) [6] in the maritime service industry, a new HCMD will help designers to identify problems, iterate design concepts, and address all dimensions of user’s issues. VR and 3D Game Engine technologies provide an alternative approach for designers to present their design concepts. They enable prototyping and testing (data collection) works to be undertaken easily and with low cost; this was especially significant when the practice of NPD (new product development) took place during the Covid-19 pandemic. Human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) has been adopted in current ship design [2]. The application of physical ergonomics has benefitted the modernisation of ship design to improve seafarers’ workplace conditions. Cognitive ergonomics particularly helps in the user interface design (UI) to reduce seafarers’ cognitive workload. Organisational ergonomics, however, will affect the workflow structure of vessel operations to relieve the pressure on seafarers during the decision-making process [2]. A recently funded project has been undertaken by a multidisciplinary team, seeking a design solution to improve seafarers’ performance reliability at sea. The principles/criteria of maritime service design were developed based on the study of a) human/operator needs; b) the state-of-the-art technologies to improve the seafarer’s work environment; and c) the user experience (UX) in vessel operation. A combination of engineering and design research methods were employed: a systematic review to clarify/address the above research questions; and the field study to investigate current/future requirements of ship bridge design; to map the behavioural human-machine interaction (HMI) and further to develop the design criteria/drivers for the ideation of an ergonomic interface. The NASA-TLX (task load index) assessment method will be used in the validation phase (future work) to
{"title":"Towards An Ergonomic Interface In Ship Bridges: Identification of The Design Criteria","authors":"Fang Bin Guo, Bingyu Wu, Matthew Wah, Zaili Yang, Eddie Blanco-Davis, Abdul Khalique, A. Bury","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001609","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the current effort on ship design associated with hull structure, navigational and propulsion, equipment design inadequacy still causes approximately one-third of all maritime accidents [1]. Human-centred design (HCD) can minimise human errors through maritime service design [2]. The core of HCD is to enhance the usability of products/systems and maximise user’s satisfaction. The Human-centred maritime design (HCMD) applies the HCD method in ship bridge design, and enhances OOW performance in vessel operation. Service design is categorised as a sub-category of industrial design [3], a specification and construction process to deliver valuable capacities for actions of a particular user [4]. Contemporary industrial designers increasingly produce concepts/solutions for services rather than physical products [5], which is expected to work across disciplines and understand users, technologies, and business [3]. Taking account of the five vital parts of service design: actors (seafarers), locations (ship bridge), props (interfaces), associates (vessel manufacturers), and processes (operation workflows) [6] in the maritime service industry, a new HCMD will help designers to identify problems, iterate design concepts, and address all dimensions of user’s issues. VR and 3D Game Engine technologies provide an alternative approach for designers to present their design concepts. They enable prototyping and testing (data collection) works to be undertaken easily and with low cost; this was especially significant when the practice of NPD (new product development) took place during the Covid-19 pandemic. Human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) has been adopted in current ship design [2]. The application of physical ergonomics has benefitted the modernisation of ship design to improve seafarers’ workplace conditions. Cognitive ergonomics particularly helps in the user interface design (UI) to reduce seafarers’ cognitive workload. Organisational ergonomics, however, will affect the workflow structure of vessel operations to relieve the pressure on seafarers during the decision-making process [2]. A recently funded project has been undertaken by a multidisciplinary team, seeking a design solution to improve seafarers’ performance reliability at sea. The principles/criteria of maritime service design were developed based on the study of a) human/operator needs; b) the state-of-the-art technologies to improve the seafarer’s work environment; and c) the user experience (UX) in vessel operation. A combination of engineering and design research methods were employed: a systematic review to clarify/address the above research questions; and the field study to investigate current/future requirements of ship bridge design; to map the behavioural human-machine interaction (HMI) and further to develop the design criteria/drivers for the ideation of an ergonomic interface. The NASA-TLX (task load index) assessment method will be used in the validation phase (future work) to ","PeriodicalId":221615,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Cognitive Ergonomics and Engineering Psychology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127074370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loïck Simon, Philippe Rauffet, Clément Guérin, Cédric Seguin
In the context of Industry 4.0, human operators will increasingly cooperate with intelligent systems, considered as teammates in the joint activity. This human-autonomy teaming is particularly prevalent in the activity of predictive maintenance, where the system advises the operator to advance or postpone some operations on the machines according to the projection of their future state. Like in human-human cooperation, the effectiveness of cooperation with those autonomous agents especially depends on the notion of trust. The challenge is to calibrate an appropriate level of trust and avoid misuse, disuse or abuse of the recommending system. Compliance (i.e. positive response of the operator on advice from an autonomous agent) can be interpreted as an objective measure of trust as the operator relies on the advice from the autonomous agent. This compliance is also based on the risk perception of the situation as the operator assesses the risk and the benefits of advancing or postponing an operation. A way to calibrate the trust and enhance risk perception is to use the transparency concept. Transparency has been defined as an information during a human-machine interaction that is easy to use with the intent to promote the comprehension, the shared awareness, the intent, the role, the interaction, the performance, the future plans and the reasoning process. This research will focus on two aspects of the transparency concept : the reliability of the autonomous agent ; the outcomes linked to the advice of the autonomous agent. The objective of this research is to understand the effect of the autonomous agent transparency on human trust after an advice from an autonomous agent (here an AI for predictive maintenance) for a more or less risky situation. Our hypothesis is that transparency will impact compliance (H1: Risk transparency will decrease compliance ; H2: Reliability transparency will increase compliance ; H3: Full transparency will decrease compliance)For this experiment we recruited participants to complete decision situations (i.e. accept or deny a proposition, from a predictive maintenance algorithme, of advancing or postponing a CMMS maintenance). A software for predictive maintenance in maritime context was used to address those situations. During this experiment, agent transparency level is manipulated by displaying information related to agent reliability and to situation outcomes, separately or in combination. This agent transparency is mixed with situation complexity (high or low) and the type of advice (advancinc or postponing the maintenance interventions). Age, gender, profession and affinity for the use of technology are assessed for control variables. As the situation represents risk taking, a scale for propensity of risk taking is also used. Trust (subjective and objective), risk perception and mental workload are measured after each situation. As a final question, the participant gives the main information he used to make his
{"title":"Trust in an Autonomous Agent for Predictive Maintenance: How Agent Transparency Could Impact Compliance","authors":"Loïck Simon, Philippe Rauffet, Clément Guérin, Cédric Seguin","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001602","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of Industry 4.0, human operators will increasingly cooperate with intelligent systems, considered as teammates in the joint activity. This human-autonomy teaming is particularly prevalent in the activity of predictive maintenance, where the system advises the operator to advance or postpone some operations on the machines according to the projection of their future state. Like in human-human cooperation, the effectiveness of cooperation with those autonomous agents especially depends on the notion of trust. The challenge is to calibrate an appropriate level of trust and avoid misuse, disuse or abuse of the recommending system. Compliance (i.e. positive response of the operator on advice from an autonomous agent) can be interpreted as an objective measure of trust as the operator relies on the advice from the autonomous agent. This compliance is also based on the risk perception of the situation as the operator assesses the risk and the benefits of advancing or postponing an operation. A way to calibrate the trust and enhance risk perception is to use the transparency concept. Transparency has been defined as an information during a human-machine interaction that is easy to use with the intent to promote the comprehension, the shared awareness, the intent, the role, the interaction, the performance, the future plans and the reasoning process. This research will focus on two aspects of the transparency concept : the reliability of the autonomous agent ; the outcomes linked to the advice of the autonomous agent. The objective of this research is to understand the effect of the autonomous agent transparency on human trust after an advice from an autonomous agent (here an AI for predictive maintenance) for a more or less risky situation. Our hypothesis is that transparency will impact compliance (H1: Risk transparency will decrease compliance ; H2: Reliability transparency will increase compliance ; H3: Full transparency will decrease compliance)For this experiment we recruited participants to complete decision situations (i.e. accept or deny a proposition, from a predictive maintenance algorithme, of advancing or postponing a CMMS maintenance). A software for predictive maintenance in maritime context was used to address those situations. During this experiment, agent transparency level is manipulated by displaying information related to agent reliability and to situation outcomes, separately or in combination. This agent transparency is mixed with situation complexity (high or low) and the type of advice (advancinc or postponing the maintenance interventions). Age, gender, profession and affinity for the use of technology are assessed for control variables. As the situation represents risk taking, a scale for propensity of risk taking is also used. Trust (subjective and objective), risk perception and mental workload are measured after each situation. As a final question, the participant gives the main information he used to make his ","PeriodicalId":221615,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Cognitive Ergonomics and Engineering Psychology","volume":"119 51","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131914313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is known from basic research that fine motor activities linked to object handling such as grasping and lifting are almost automatised and highly adapted to the properties of manipulated objects. Object surface properties influence the grip-lift force coupling at object-digit-surface and the object weight perception. Such force-coupling relies on visual and somatosensory processes along with the internal models. Limited or affected somatosensory mechanism could lead to disturbed force efforts and deterioration in object weight perception. Present study was aimed to evaluate the strategy to strengthen the somatosensory mechanism by implementing additional sensory channel (grip force related online acoustic feedback) during a standard weight discrimination task. Participants from both young and old age judged the heaviness of objects with different shapes, compared to a reference object using the precision grip. Results showed that object shape manipulation influenced grip force and weight perception. Integration of additional sense supported the forward model by reducing sensorimotor processing time in both age groups. This indicates the facilitatory impact of multisensory integration on motor control. Moreover, it lowered the discrimination threshold of weight perception and improved the accuracy level. Contrarily, the effect of assistive acoustic feedback on grip force application and weight perception was not significant. We clearly observed the overall aging effects for weight perception and grip force application.
{"title":"Does Acoustic Feedback Increase the Accuracy of Weight and Force Perception during Fine Motor Activities?","authors":"Jai Prakash Kushvah, G. Rinkenauer","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001596","url":null,"abstract":"It is known from basic research that fine motor activities linked to object handling such as grasping and lifting are almost automatised and highly adapted to the properties of manipulated objects. Object surface properties influence the grip-lift force coupling at object-digit-surface and the object weight perception. Such force-coupling relies on visual and somatosensory processes along with the internal models. Limited or affected somatosensory mechanism could lead to disturbed force efforts and deterioration in object weight perception. Present study was aimed to evaluate the strategy to strengthen the somatosensory mechanism by implementing additional sensory channel (grip force related online acoustic feedback) during a standard weight discrimination task. Participants from both young and old age judged the heaviness of objects with different shapes, compared to a reference object using the precision grip. Results showed that object shape manipulation influenced grip force and weight perception. Integration of additional sense supported the forward model by reducing sensorimotor processing time in both age groups. This indicates the facilitatory impact of multisensory integration on motor control. Moreover, it lowered the discrimination threshold of weight perception and improved the accuracy level. Contrarily, the effect of assistive acoustic feedback on grip force application and weight perception was not significant. We clearly observed the overall aging effects for weight perception and grip force application.","PeriodicalId":221615,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Cognitive Ergonomics and Engineering Psychology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133806853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
César Guevara, Raquel Lara Guevara, Diego Mauricio Bonilla Jurado
This study analyzes one of the issues that organizational psychology has dealt with in the last decade in a more exhaustive way: resilience is the result of having an optimistic nature as long as optimism does not distort the sense of reality. From a phenomenological perspective, publishing house Queyám was analyzed from the strategic part of the company, in this case a married couple that is in the presidency, as a sample the 6 employees were chosen in their different areas applying the focus group technique where the wife served Moderator of the structured interview with open questions of in vivo coding analyzing literal phrases that express the words used by the employees. It is discussed with the Nobel Prize in Physics Richard Feynman who became an expert in opening safes without knowing the combination, not only trying to find the mechanisms that allowed him to do so, but also collecting the psychological impressions of the people who used those safes or to find out how they chose the opening codes, finally this company has built resilience using improvisation as a fundamental capability
{"title":"Bricoleurs: Resilience in Improvised Work in a Publishing House","authors":"César Guevara, Raquel Lara Guevara, Diego Mauricio Bonilla Jurado","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001610","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes one of the issues that organizational psychology has dealt with in the last decade in a more exhaustive way: resilience is the result of having an optimistic nature as long as optimism does not distort the sense of reality. From a phenomenological perspective, publishing house Queyám was analyzed from the strategic part of the company, in this case a married couple that is in the presidency, as a sample the 6 employees were chosen in their different areas applying the focus group technique where the wife served Moderator of the structured interview with open questions of in vivo coding analyzing literal phrases that express the words used by the employees. It is discussed with the Nobel Prize in Physics Richard Feynman who became an expert in opening safes without knowing the combination, not only trying to find the mechanisms that allowed him to do so, but also collecting the psychological impressions of the people who used those safes or to find out how they chose the opening codes, finally this company has built resilience using improvisation as a fundamental capability","PeriodicalId":221615,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Cognitive Ergonomics and Engineering Psychology","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128001349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
75% of our external information comes from vision, in signage and wayfinding system, characters and graphics have become the most important factor of information cognition. As the main characters in China's signage and wayfinding system, simplified Chinese characters affect the rapid and accurate cognition of information. At present, most of the cognitive research on simplified Chinese characters are learned from the data of Japan and Taiwan. Compared with Latin alphabets, Japanese and Chinese characters are much similar, but there are still significant differences between them. Japanese is a combination of Chinese characters and Kanas, the fonts and the layout of characters are very different. The traditional Chinese characters used in Taiwan are much more complicated than the simplified ones used in mainland China. In order to obtain the data that can really guide the standards of signage design in China, this research carried out a series of experimental studies on simplified Chinese characters’ recognition. Under the condition of fixed font, font weight, color, similar stroke number and character frequency range, the experiment obtained the data of characters’ height and recognition distance by changing characters’ height and recording the corresponding visual recognition reaction time. Then, based on the method of regression analysis, the relationship between the two variables of character height and recognition distance is calculated and visualized. Through indoor simulation and supplementary experiments, the data and conclusions could guide or verify the existing ergonomics data and signage design standard. The research outcome shows the relationship between simplified Chinese character height and cognition distance of on public signage system, which provides a theoretical basis for the related research and design. The results also revealed that with the use of Sans Serif typeface，the minimum of character height in the current design standard can be further increased. This research is still in early stage, in addition to the character height, the influence of stroke number, thickness and background colour contrast of characters still need to be further studied.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Simplified Chinese Character Height and Cognition Research in Signage Design","authors":"Duan Wu, Peng Gao, Dongying Hu, Ran Xu, Yue Qi, Yumeng Zhang","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001608","url":null,"abstract":"75% of our external information comes from vision, in signage and wayfinding system, characters and graphics have become the most important factor of information cognition. As the main characters in China's signage and wayfinding system, simplified Chinese characters affect the rapid and accurate cognition of information. At present, most of the cognitive research on simplified Chinese characters are learned from the data of Japan and Taiwan. Compared with Latin alphabets, Japanese and Chinese characters are much similar, but there are still significant differences between them. Japanese is a combination of Chinese characters and Kanas, the fonts and the layout of characters are very different. The traditional Chinese characters used in Taiwan are much more complicated than the simplified ones used in mainland China. In order to obtain the data that can really guide the standards of signage design in China, this research carried out a series of experimental studies on simplified Chinese characters’ recognition. Under the condition of fixed font, font weight, color, similar stroke number and character frequency range, the experiment obtained the data of characters’ height and recognition distance by changing characters’ height and recording the corresponding visual recognition reaction time. Then, based on the method of regression analysis, the relationship between the two variables of character height and recognition distance is calculated and visualized. Through indoor simulation and supplementary experiments, the data and conclusions could guide or verify the existing ergonomics data and signage design standard. The research outcome shows the relationship between simplified Chinese character height and cognition distance of on public signage system, which provides a theoretical basis for the related research and design. The results also revealed that with the use of Sans Serif typeface，the minimum of character height in the current design standard can be further increased. This research is still in early stage, in addition to the character height, the influence of stroke number, thickness and background colour contrast of characters still need to be further studied.","PeriodicalId":221615,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Cognitive Ergonomics and Engineering Psychology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133668939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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