When California introduced the no-fault divorce law in 1970, its intention was to perpetuate equality between men and women through financial and economic means. However this brought about unexpected consequences as more and more cases of women experiencing economic hardships began to surface. The law did not take into account the impaired opportunities marriage brings to women, and thus could not see the influence of intangible property that should have been included into marital assets that are divided equally among couples upon divorce.
{"title":"Inequalities for Women in the California Divorce Law","authors":"K. Utsumi","doi":"10.1300/J087V16N01_09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J087V16N01_09","url":null,"abstract":"When California introduced the no-fault divorce law in 1970, its intention was to perpetuate equality between men and women through financial and economic means. However this brought about unexpected consequences as more and more cases of women experiencing economic hardships began to surface. The law did not take into account the impaired opportunities marriage brings to women, and thus could not see the influence of intangible property that should have been included into marital assets that are divided equally among couples upon divorce.","PeriodicalId":221826,"journal":{"name":"The Consequences of Divorce: Economic and Custodial Impact on Children and Adults","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134527879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reviews the economic consequences of the current laws of marital dissolution. Findings from seven states reporting primary data are compared on three judicial trends: the basis for property awards in equal and equitable distribution states; the frequency, amount, and duration of alimony awards; and current rulings on child custody and amounts of child support awards. The major consequence of these legal rules is a deterioration in the economic well-being of women and children following divorce.
{"title":"The Economics of Divorce: Findings from Seven States","authors":"Barbara R. Rowe","doi":"10.1300/J087V16N01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J087V16N01_02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the economic consequences of the current laws of marital dissolution. Findings from seven states reporting primary data are compared on three judicial trends: the basis for property awards in equal and equitable distribution states; the frequency, amount, and duration of alimony awards; and current rulings on child custody and amounts of child support awards. The major consequence of these legal rules is a deterioration in the economic well-being of women and children following divorce.","PeriodicalId":221826,"journal":{"name":"The Consequences of Divorce: Economic and Custodial Impact on Children and Adults","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130274757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the adequacy of child support income for children of divorce. A random sample of 186 final divorce decrees finalized in Hennepin County, Minnesota in 1986 and involving minor children were used in the analyses. Income adequacy was defined as the extent to which income provides a level of living which meets reasonable needs. Income adequacy was measured by ratios of income to income needs uding three indicators of income and three standards of needs. Income-to-needs ratios were constructed to evaluate the adequacy of child support income. Results of the study supported the assumption that the child support award did not provide a satisfactory level of income for children. This result was consistent using the actual court-ordered child support award, the amount of income which would have been given if the Minnesota guidelines had been strictly applied, or income which might have been given to the child if Wisconsin guidelines had been applied. Actual court-ordered child support awards de...
{"title":"Standards of Adequacy for Child Support Awards","authors":"D. Christensen, K. Rettig","doi":"10.1300/J087V16N01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J087V16N01_03","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the adequacy of child support income for children of divorce. A random sample of 186 final divorce decrees finalized in Hennepin County, Minnesota in 1986 and involving minor children were used in the analyses. Income adequacy was defined as the extent to which income provides a level of living which meets reasonable needs. Income adequacy was measured by ratios of income to income needs uding three indicators of income and three standards of needs. Income-to-needs ratios were constructed to evaluate the adequacy of child support income. Results of the study supported the assumption that the child support award did not provide a satisfactory level of income for children. This result was consistent using the actual court-ordered child support award, the amount of income which would have been given if the Minnesota guidelines had been strictly applied, or income which might have been given to the child if Wisconsin guidelines had been applied. Actual court-ordered child support awards de...","PeriodicalId":221826,"journal":{"name":"The Consequences of Divorce: Economic and Custodial Impact on Children and Adults","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130233267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven apprentices were asked to complete a questionnaire on the right of divorced parents to visit their children. The results reported in this paper are based on the answers given by those three hundred and thirty-eight apprentices (18% of all the interviewed apprentices) whose parents were divorced. Approximately one-third of these young people were seeing the parent who was not their legal guardian once a month. This is the visiting-rate most often advised by Swiss courts. Another third of the 338 young people had contact with that same parent more than once a month and the remaining apprentices had less or even no more contact with that same parent. If divorced parents remarry, the amount of visiting they do considerably changes. 45.6% of the 338 apprentices never went on holiday with the parent who was not their legal guardian.
{"title":"Children of Divorce and Their Viewpoints on Visiting-Rights","authors":"M. Zollinger, W. Felder","doi":"10.1300/J087V16N03_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J087V16N03_07","url":null,"abstract":"One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven apprentices were asked to complete a questionnaire on the right of divorced parents to visit their children. The results reported in this paper are based on the answers given by those three hundred and thirty-eight apprentices (18% of all the interviewed apprentices) whose parents were divorced. Approximately one-third of these young people were seeing the parent who was not their legal guardian once a month. This is the visiting-rate most often advised by Swiss courts. Another third of the 338 young people had contact with that same parent more than once a month and the remaining apprentices had less or even no more contact with that same parent. If divorced parents remarry, the amount of visiting they do considerably changes. 45.6% of the 338 apprentices never went on holiday with the parent who was not their legal guardian.","PeriodicalId":221826,"journal":{"name":"The Consequences of Divorce: Economic and Custodial Impact on Children and Adults","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129775929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nature of family and indivual dynamics in family dissolution and, especially, families which enter into child custody disputes is beginning to be addressed in the professional literature. This understanding is an essential prerequisite for psychotherapeutic intervention, mediation of these disputes, and appropriate adjudication. In this article, the authors present a synthesis of constructs drawn from object relations, role, and family systems theories which they have found useful in their own practice of mediatino of custody disputes. They provide examples of each of these dynamics from their own work. They conclude with an explanation of the possibilities and limitations of court orders and of individual, family, and couple therapy as interventions in aiding the families' resolution of the psycho-social aspects of divorce.
{"title":"Custody Disputes in Context","authors":"Robert L. Beilin, M. Izen","doi":"10.1300/J087V16N03_09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J087V16N03_09","url":null,"abstract":"The nature of family and indivual dynamics in family dissolution and, especially, families which enter into child custody disputes is beginning to be addressed in the professional literature. This understanding is an essential prerequisite for psychotherapeutic intervention, mediation of these disputes, and appropriate adjudication. In this article, the authors present a synthesis of constructs drawn from object relations, role, and family systems theories which they have found useful in their own practice of mediatino of custody disputes. They provide examples of each of these dynamics from their own work. They conclude with an explanation of the possibilities and limitations of court orders and of individual, family, and couple therapy as interventions in aiding the families' resolution of the psycho-social aspects of divorce.","PeriodicalId":221826,"journal":{"name":"The Consequences of Divorce: Economic and Custodial Impact on Children and Adults","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121798785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A critical issue for research is to determine why so many divorced fathers have little or no contact with their children. This study of 255 divorced fathers investigated the influence of divorce proceedings on divorced fathers' parental role and on several indicators of their post-divorce adjustment. The intervening influence of the custody arrangement was also considered. The study found that fathers reported spending less time with their children in divorce cases that were litigated than in cases involving out-of-court settlements. Also, fathers who litigated wanted more time with their children, reported less cooperativeness from their former spouse, and were more likely to relitigate than the other fathers in the study. Suggestions are offered for minimizing the need for litigation.
{"title":"The Consequences of Divorce Proceedings for Divorced Fathers","authors":"J. Dudley","doi":"10.1300/J087V16N03_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J087V16N03_02","url":null,"abstract":"A critical issue for research is to determine why so many divorced fathers have little or no contact with their children. This study of 255 divorced fathers investigated the influence of divorce proceedings on divorced fathers' parental role and on several indicators of their post-divorce adjustment. The intervening influence of the custody arrangement was also considered. The study found that fathers reported spending less time with their children in divorce cases that were litigated than in cases involving out-of-court settlements. Also, fathers who litigated wanted more time with their children, reported less cooperativeness from their former spouse, and were more likely to relitigate than the other fathers in the study. Suggestions are offered for minimizing the need for litigation.","PeriodicalId":221826,"journal":{"name":"The Consequences of Divorce: Economic and Custodial Impact on Children and Adults","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131667270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reports the results of an empirical research project on 22 non-clinical children of parental divorce (ages 22 months to 18 years) from 16 families in West Germany. Due to lack of studies originating in West Germany and the good reception of foreign literature on the topic of divorce, the findings of this study were compared and contrasted to the foreign literature and studies, especially the Wallerstein and Kelly study on children of divorce in the USA.
{"title":"The Effects of Parental Divorce on Children in West Germany: Emphasis: From the View of the Children","authors":"Jolene Oppawsky","doi":"10.1300/J087V16N03_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J087V16N03_08","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports the results of an empirical research project on 22 non-clinical children of parental divorce (ages 22 months to 18 years) from 16 families in West Germany. Due to lack of studies originating in West Germany and the good reception of foreign literature on the topic of divorce, the findings of this study were compared and contrasted to the foreign literature and studies, especially the Wallerstein and Kelly study on children of divorce in the USA.","PeriodicalId":221826,"journal":{"name":"The Consequences of Divorce: Economic and Custodial Impact on Children and Adults","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114837339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mothers without custody often suffer from lack of role clarification, problems with parenting at a distance and feelings of victimization. This paper explores how networking and universalization of the experiences of these women can be effectively applied in practice to empower the status of noncustodial mothers.
{"title":"Mothers Without Custody: Treatment Issues","authors":"B. West, K. Kissman","doi":"10.1300/J087V16N03_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J087V16N03_04","url":null,"abstract":"Mothers without custody often suffer from lack of role clarification, problems with parenting at a distance and feelings of victimization. This paper explores how networking and universalization of the experiences of these women can be effectively applied in practice to empower the status of noncustodial mothers.","PeriodicalId":221826,"journal":{"name":"The Consequences of Divorce: Economic and Custodial Impact on Children and Adults","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130664054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of Background Characteristics of Attorneys and Judges on Decision Making in Domestic Relations Court: An Analysis of Child Support Awards","authors":"Walter L. Ellis","doi":"10.4324/9781003210696-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003210696-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":221826,"journal":{"name":"The Consequences of Divorce: Economic and Custodial Impact on Children and Adults","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126126803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4324/9781003210696-16
W. F. Hodges, T. Landis, Eric Day, Naomi Oderberg
{"title":"Infant and Toddlers and Post Divorce Parental Access: An Initial Exploration","authors":"W. F. Hodges, T. Landis, Eric Day, Naomi Oderberg","doi":"10.4324/9781003210696-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003210696-16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":221826,"journal":{"name":"The Consequences of Divorce: Economic and Custodial Impact on Children and Adults","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125697606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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