Pub Date : 2016-12-20DOI: 10.5220/0005688400740081
Abdallah S. Ghazy, H. Selmy, H. Shalaby
Free space optical (FSO) connections present promising solution for the limited access issue of the last mile networks. However, several factors contribute to significant FSO link performance degradation. One of Most serious conditions is the influence of the rain, that frequently appear, thus making the implementation of strongly connected FSO networks a demanding issue. Dynamic FSO networks is attractive ones over the robust static ones, i.e, partial and full relayed networks, for this demanding issue. In this paper two new resource allocation Schemes are proposed for cooperative-dynamic FSO networks, as attractive solution for both atmospheric variation and high cost of robust static network problems. Each Scheme is formulated as integer linear multi-objective optimization problem (ILP-MOP), where reliability-fairness, capacity and bit-error rate functions are targeted. And each scheme is composed of lexicographic, lex-max-min and lex-min-max criteria. Each ILP-MOP is solved using exhaustive search method to obtain the guaranteed optimal solution(s). The simulation results is used to reveal that two schemes are more reliable-fairness and cost efficient than the robust static topology, specially at sever weather conditions. Also, the results show the two schemes have different behavior, where one prioritize the reliability-fairness over capacity utilization and the another does the opposite.
{"title":"Proposed resource allocation schemes for rainy free space optical network","authors":"Abdallah S. Ghazy, H. Selmy, H. Shalaby","doi":"10.5220/0005688400740081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005688400740081","url":null,"abstract":"Free space optical (FSO) connections present promising solution for the limited access issue of the last mile networks. However, several factors contribute to significant FSO link performance degradation. One of Most serious conditions is the influence of the rain, that frequently appear, thus making the implementation of strongly connected FSO networks a demanding issue. Dynamic FSO networks is attractive ones over the robust static ones, i.e, partial and full relayed networks, for this demanding issue. In this paper two new resource allocation Schemes are proposed for cooperative-dynamic FSO networks, as attractive solution for both atmospheric variation and high cost of robust static network problems. Each Scheme is formulated as integer linear multi-objective optimization problem (ILP-MOP), where reliability-fairness, capacity and bit-error rate functions are targeted. And each scheme is composed of lexicographic, lex-max-min and lex-min-max criteria. Each ILP-MOP is solved using exhaustive search method to obtain the guaranteed optimal solution(s). The simulation results is used to reveal that two schemes are more reliable-fairness and cost efficient than the robust static topology, specially at sever weather conditions. Also, the results show the two schemes have different behavior, where one prioritize the reliability-fairness over capacity utilization and the another does the opposite.","PeriodicalId":222009,"journal":{"name":"2016 4th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"18 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122909783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-13DOI: 10.5220/0005618302010212
S. Mittler
Two evanescent field microscopy technologies based on glass slab waveguides with permanent coupling gratings are presented: waveguide evanescent field fluorescence microscopy (WEFF) and waveguide evanescent field scattering microscopy (WEFS). The technologies are briefly described: the experimental setup is based on a conventional inverted microscope. A comparison to TIR and TIRF microscopy is given. The advantages of the waveguide method are clearly addressed. Various examples from for WEFF and WEFS microscopy are given. For WEFF: static distance mapping with a multimode waveguide, dynamic solubilisation studies of cell plasma membranes and the kinetic response of osteoblasts to trypsin. For WEFS: bacteria sterilization as well as cell adhesion and granularity studies. The latest development is a mass producible all-polymer-waveguide-chip to bring the technology to the interested scientific community.
{"title":"Waveguide evanescent field microscopies for application in cell- and bacteria-biophysics","authors":"S. Mittler","doi":"10.5220/0005618302010212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005618302010212","url":null,"abstract":"Two evanescent field microscopy technologies based on glass slab waveguides with permanent coupling gratings are presented: waveguide evanescent field fluorescence microscopy (WEFF) and waveguide evanescent field scattering microscopy (WEFS). The technologies are briefly described: the experimental setup is based on a conventional inverted microscope. A comparison to TIR and TIRF microscopy is given. The advantages of the waveguide method are clearly addressed. Various examples from for WEFF and WEFS microscopy are given. For WEFF: static distance mapping with a multimode waveguide, dynamic solubilisation studies of cell plasma membranes and the kinetic response of osteoblasts to trypsin. For WEFS: bacteria sterilization as well as cell adhesion and granularity studies. The latest development is a mass producible all-polymer-waveguide-chip to bring the technology to the interested scientific community.","PeriodicalId":222009,"journal":{"name":"2016 4th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122135265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-09DOI: 10.5220/0005842803330340
Nageswara Lalam, Wai Pang Ng, X. Dai, Qiang Wu, Yongqing Fu
In this paper, we have analyzed Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) in single mode silica optical fiber. The BFS is analyzed in conventional Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) at operating wavelength of 1550 nm by a pump-probe technique. The effects of strain and temperature on BFS are fully characterized. We found that, the BFS change of 0.06 ΜΗz/μ-strain and 1.26 MHz/oC, respectively. The BFS changes in Brillouin gain and Brillouin loss mechanism have been analyzed. In addition, we also presented Brillouin linewidth and peak gain variations of Brillouin gain spectrum with various temperature and strain values. The results demonstrate, the BFS have a strong linear relationship with strain and temperature along the sensing fiber.
{"title":"Analysis of brillouin frequency shift in distributed optical fiber sensor system for strain and temperature monitoring","authors":"Nageswara Lalam, Wai Pang Ng, X. Dai, Qiang Wu, Yongqing Fu","doi":"10.5220/0005842803330340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005842803330340","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we have analyzed Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) in single mode silica optical fiber. The BFS is analyzed in conventional Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) at operating wavelength of 1550 nm by a pump-probe technique. The effects of strain and temperature on BFS are fully characterized. We found that, the BFS change of 0.06 ΜΗz/μ-strain and 1.26 MHz/oC, respectively. The BFS changes in Brillouin gain and Brillouin loss mechanism have been analyzed. In addition, we also presented Brillouin linewidth and peak gain variations of Brillouin gain spectrum with various temperature and strain values. The results demonstrate, the BFS have a strong linear relationship with strain and temperature along the sensing fiber.","PeriodicalId":222009,"journal":{"name":"2016 4th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128637296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-09DOI: 10.5220/0005745101620168
S. Rao, M. Casalino, G. Coppola, R. Kisacik, T. Tekin, F. D. Della Corte
The design of an amorphous silicon-based Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator including two guiding p-i-n structures integrated inside a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal (PhC) working at 1.55 μm, is reported. Electrically induced free carrier dispersion effect in this photonic material with a very cost-effective technology, is investigated for modulation. Our numerical analysis, performed by a time-domain (FDTD)-based software, proves that the voltage-length product can be remarkably reduced by taking advantage of both the strong PhC confinement and the wide refractive index tunability of amorphous silicon.
{"title":"Design of amorphous silicon photonic crystal-based M-Z modulator operating at 1.55 μm","authors":"S. Rao, M. Casalino, G. Coppola, R. Kisacik, T. Tekin, F. D. Della Corte","doi":"10.5220/0005745101620168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005745101620168","url":null,"abstract":"The design of an amorphous silicon-based Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator including two guiding p-i-n structures integrated inside a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal (PhC) working at 1.55 μm, is reported. Electrically induced free carrier dispersion effect in this photonic material with a very cost-effective technology, is investigated for modulation. Our numerical analysis, performed by a time-domain (FDTD)-based software, proves that the voltage-length product can be remarkably reduced by taking advantage of both the strong PhC confinement and the wide refractive index tunability of amorphous silicon.","PeriodicalId":222009,"journal":{"name":"2016 4th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"52 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128776279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-09DOI: 10.5220/0005718301020106
M. Tsubokawa
We analysed the space coding scheme applied to the space division multiplexing transmission in two types of multicore fibres with different intercore crosstalk. Rather than the usual optical multiple-input and multiple-output processing, simple space coding based on optical code division multiplexing was used to achieve separate detection of the desired signals. The signal to interference-and-noise ratio has a positive value when the relative phase drift between the optical signals in different cores is suppressed to values typically less than ∼π/10. Although a complete solution of the phase drift control problem was not achieved, this scheme suggests that real-time MCF transmissions are possible.
{"title":"Analysis of multicore fibre transmission with space coding scheme","authors":"M. Tsubokawa","doi":"10.5220/0005718301020106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005718301020106","url":null,"abstract":"We analysed the space coding scheme applied to the space division multiplexing transmission in two types of multicore fibres with different intercore crosstalk. Rather than the usual optical multiple-input and multiple-output processing, simple space coding based on optical code division multiplexing was used to achieve separate detection of the desired signals. The signal to interference-and-noise ratio has a positive value when the relative phase drift between the optical signals in different cores is suppressed to values typically less than ∼π/10. Although a complete solution of the phase drift control problem was not achieved, this scheme suggests that real-time MCF transmissions are possible.","PeriodicalId":222009,"journal":{"name":"2016 4th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130501983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-08DOI: 10.5220/0005651502270230
Md Jahirul Islam, J. Atai
The interaction dynamics of in-phase Bragg grating gap solitons in a semilinear dual-core optical waveguide, where one core has cubic-quintic nonlinearity and equipped with Bragg grating and the other is linear, are investigated. The model supports two disjoint families of Bragg grating solitons (referred as Type 1 and Type 2). It is found that the interactions of two stable in-phase (Δθ = 0) quiescent solitons result in several outcomes. The possible interaction outcomes between two solitons may include symmetric or asymmetric separation, merger into one quiescent or moving soliton, destruction of one or both solitons and the formation of three solitons. It is found that the outcomes of the interactions are dependent upon the strength of quintic nonlinearity (q), initial separation (Δx) of the solitons, coupling-coefficient (κ) between the cores and the group velocity term (c) in the linear core.
{"title":"Dynamics of interacting Bragg grating solitons in a semilinear dual-core system with cubic-quintic nonlinearity","authors":"Md Jahirul Islam, J. Atai","doi":"10.5220/0005651502270230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005651502270230","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction dynamics of in-phase Bragg grating gap solitons in a semilinear dual-core optical waveguide, where one core has cubic-quintic nonlinearity and equipped with Bragg grating and the other is linear, are investigated. The model supports two disjoint families of Bragg grating solitons (referred as Type 1 and Type 2). It is found that the interactions of two stable in-phase (Δθ = 0) quiescent solitons result in several outcomes. The possible interaction outcomes between two solitons may include symmetric or asymmetric separation, merger into one quiescent or moving soliton, destruction of one or both solitons and the formation of three solitons. It is found that the outcomes of the interactions are dependent upon the strength of quintic nonlinearity (q), initial separation (Δx) of the solitons, coupling-coefficient (κ) between the cores and the group velocity term (c) in the linear core.","PeriodicalId":222009,"journal":{"name":"2016 4th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128168182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-07DOI: 10.5220/0005744001580161
J. Dawes, W. Z. W. Ismail, E. Goldys, D. Coutts
We investigate the effect of different gain media and different scattering media in random lasers. We demonstrate an increase in the emission intensity and efficiency of random lasing by incorporating gold rather than dielectric alumina nanoparticles. There is a trade-off between enhancing the random laser performance due to the localised surface plasmon resonance field effects and reduction in performance due to fluorescence quenching by the gold nanoparticles. We use fluorescence resonant energy transfer between dye molecules to extend the wavelength range of emission.
{"title":"Enhancing the performance of random lasers: Effects of localised surface plasmons and resonance energy transfer","authors":"J. Dawes, W. Z. W. Ismail, E. Goldys, D. Coutts","doi":"10.5220/0005744001580161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005744001580161","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the effect of different gain media and different scattering media in random lasers. We demonstrate an increase in the emission intensity and efficiency of random lasing by incorporating gold rather than dielectric alumina nanoparticles. There is a trade-off between enhancing the random laser performance due to the localised surface plasmon resonance field effects and reduction in performance due to fluorescence quenching by the gold nanoparticles. We use fluorescence resonant energy transfer between dye molecules to extend the wavelength range of emission.","PeriodicalId":222009,"journal":{"name":"2016 4th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126581585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-06DOI: 10.5220/0005654900130017
M. Zanello, A. Ibrahim, F. Poulon, P. Varlet, B. Devaux, D. A. Haidar
Analysis of human tissue endogenous fluorescence is becoming a new modality of medical imaging. Its capacities represent the missing link between macroscopic radiological tools such as MRI and CT-scan and the surgeon view during surgical procedures. However, numerous aspects of this signal are not well known. Time dependence is one of these aspects. The aim of this work is to investigate the autofluorescence changes with time. Five ex vivo human samples were studied. Spectral and lifetime measurements were acquired each hour. Fluorescence intensity decreased slightly with time. This decrease existed for healthy and tumoral samples and did not affect the differences between them: higher fluorescence intensity for control samples compared to tumor samples. Lifetime values showed a slight decrease too for both type of tissue. This work is the first report of fresh human brain samples multimodal autofluorescence analysis with time.
{"title":"Spectral and lifetime measurements of the endogenous fluorescence variation of freshly resected human samples over time: Measuring endogenous fluorescence changes at different moment after tumor or epileptic cortex excision","authors":"M. Zanello, A. Ibrahim, F. Poulon, P. Varlet, B. Devaux, D. A. Haidar","doi":"10.5220/0005654900130017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005654900130017","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of human tissue endogenous fluorescence is becoming a new modality of medical imaging. Its capacities represent the missing link between macroscopic radiological tools such as MRI and CT-scan and the surgeon view during surgical procedures. However, numerous aspects of this signal are not well known. Time dependence is one of these aspects. The aim of this work is to investigate the autofluorescence changes with time. Five ex vivo human samples were studied. Spectral and lifetime measurements were acquired each hour. Fluorescence intensity decreased slightly with time. This decrease existed for healthy and tumoral samples and did not affect the differences between them: higher fluorescence intensity for control samples compared to tumor samples. Lifetime values showed a slight decrease too for both type of tissue. This work is the first report of fresh human brain samples multimodal autofluorescence analysis with time.","PeriodicalId":222009,"journal":{"name":"2016 4th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130826275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-05DOI: 10.5220/0005688500820086
I. Livshits, N. Zoric
This paper describes a concept for designing a projection lens in lithographic optical system for 365 nm. Our approach for meeting this objective is to use the starting design obtained by artificial intelligence mode in Synopsys software. The proposed method describes the steps of getting a desired starting point of the optical system and the optimization problems in the optical system with a high numerical aperture.
{"title":"A concept of ultraviolet lithography system and design of its rear part using artificial intelligence for starting design","authors":"I. Livshits, N. Zoric","doi":"10.5220/0005688500820086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005688500820086","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a concept for designing a projection lens in lithographic optical system for 365 nm. Our approach for meeting this objective is to use the starting design obtained by artificial intelligence mode in Synopsys software. The proposed method describes the steps of getting a desired starting point of the optical system and the optimization problems in the optical system with a high numerical aperture.","PeriodicalId":222009,"journal":{"name":"2016 4th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132478988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-02DOI: 10.5220/0005737701230129
Liangen Yang, Xuanze Wang, B. Liu, Zhongsheng Zhai, Tao He
For the monochromatic light interferometry under open-loop PZT drive, a high precision method for phase recognization that satisfies the four steps phase-shift algorithm is proposed. The total idea of the phase recognization method is as follows. Firstly, two pixels with suitable phase-difference are selected from the interference field and the interference equations of the two pixels' gray values are established in one driven cycle of PZT. Secondly, the parameters of interference equations can be obtained by using ellipse fitting algorithm. Thirdly, the point-to-point step length of PZT drive and sequence phases can be determined through reverse calculation of sequence phases. Finally, in order to calculate initial phase of every pixels four interference grayscale images that meet the four steps phase-shift algorithm are designed and calculated through Lagrange parabolic interpolation. The experimental results have shown that this method decreases the requirement for hardware, environment and needs less interference grayscale images than traditional methods. The method can meet the high precision demands of surface topography measurement and has high processing speed.
{"title":"A method to improve the precision of interferometric phase-recognization under open-loop PZT drive","authors":"Liangen Yang, Xuanze Wang, B. Liu, Zhongsheng Zhai, Tao He","doi":"10.5220/0005737701230129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005737701230129","url":null,"abstract":"For the monochromatic light interferometry under open-loop PZT drive, a high precision method for phase recognization that satisfies the four steps phase-shift algorithm is proposed. The total idea of the phase recognization method is as follows. Firstly, two pixels with suitable phase-difference are selected from the interference field and the interference equations of the two pixels' gray values are established in one driven cycle of PZT. Secondly, the parameters of interference equations can be obtained by using ellipse fitting algorithm. Thirdly, the point-to-point step length of PZT drive and sequence phases can be determined through reverse calculation of sequence phases. Finally, in order to calculate initial phase of every pixels four interference grayscale images that meet the four steps phase-shift algorithm are designed and calculated through Lagrange parabolic interpolation. The experimental results have shown that this method decreases the requirement for hardware, environment and needs less interference grayscale images than traditional methods. The method can meet the high precision demands of surface topography measurement and has high processing speed.","PeriodicalId":222009,"journal":{"name":"2016 4th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology (PHOTOPTICS)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115221311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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