Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1179/175272608X375593
D. Bridgland, R. Westaway, M. Daoud, R. Yassminh, Mohamad Abou Romieh
Revised correlation schemes are reported for fluvial and marine terraces in the Latakia area, NW Syria. These schemes indicate that the region has uplifted during the past four hundred thousand years at circa 0.4 mm a−1. The study region, in the Nahr el Kebir, is a rich source of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic artefacts but it is now clear that many of these have been reported from colluvium, not from in situ within the fluvial or marine deposits. However, the revised fluvial terrace scheme suggests the first appearance of Levallois technique in the region in MIS 8, consistent with western Europe.
报道了叙利亚西北部拉塔基亚地区河流和海相阶地的订正对比方案。这些方案表明，该地区在过去40万年中以约0.4 mm a - 1的速度抬升。位于Nahr el Kebir的研究区域是旧石器时代中下部人工制品的丰富来源，但现在很清楚的是，这些人工制品中的许多都是来自崩积层，而不是来自河流或海洋沉积物的原位。然而，修订后的河流阶地方案表明，在MIS 8中，该地区首次出现了勒瓦卢瓦技术，与西欧一致。
{"title":"River Terraces of the Nahr el Kebir, NW Syria, and their Palaeolithic Record","authors":"D. Bridgland, R. Westaway, M. Daoud, R. Yassminh, Mohamad Abou Romieh","doi":"10.1179/175272608X375593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175272608X375593","url":null,"abstract":"Revised correlation schemes are reported for fluvial and marine terraces in the Latakia area, NW Syria. These schemes indicate that the region has uplifted during the past four hundred thousand years at circa 0.4 mm a−1. The study region, in the Nahr el Kebir, is a rich source of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic artefacts but it is now clear that many of these have been reported from colluvium, not from in situ within the fluvial or marine deposits. However, the revised fluvial terrace scheme suggests the first appearance of Levallois technique in the region in MIS 8, consistent with western Europe.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122265760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1179/175272608X360210
Noel Brehony, B. Finlayson
One of the pleasures of being chairman has been to work with Bill, Yuri and Jaimie and many others within CBRL, and with the offi cers and members of the CBRL Committee of Management. Andrew Garrard, the Hon. Secretary, and Brennan Hiorns, the Hon. Treasurer, like their predecessors put in an immense amount of their own time for the CBRL. We have had an excellent administrative secretary in the form of Penny Wiggins who, apart from being highly effi cient, is also a source of good advice to the offi cers. We have been fortunate to have had for the last eight years such an outstanding director as Bill Finlayson. The CBRL members owe them all a great deal.
{"title":"From the Chair & From the Director","authors":"Noel Brehony, B. Finlayson","doi":"10.1179/175272608X360210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175272608X360210","url":null,"abstract":"One of the pleasures of being chairman has been to work with Bill, Yuri and Jaimie and many others within CBRL, and with the offi cers and members of the CBRL Committee of Management. Andrew Garrard, the Hon. Secretary, and Brennan Hiorns, the Hon. Treasurer, like their predecessors put in an immense amount of their own time for the CBRL. We have had an excellent administrative secretary in the form of Penny Wiggins who, apart from being highly effi cient, is also a source of good advice to the offi cers. We have been fortunate to have had for the last eight years such an outstanding director as Bill Finlayson. The CBRL members owe them all a great deal.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125863746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1179/175272608X360265
John Harte
AbstractDrawing on unpublished documents held in the Israel State Archives (Jerusalem), the National Archives (Kew) and the Middle East Centre Archive (Oxford), this article examines the history of the Arab boy scout movement in Palestine under British rule. Using scouting as a case study in the history of imperial education, it charts the development of the movement from the immediate post-war period, when British officials encouraged it to flourish as a cornerstone of mandatory educational policy, to the later 1920s and 30s, when Palestinians began to put scouting to radically different uses.
{"title":"Scouting in Mandate Palestine","authors":"John Harte","doi":"10.1179/175272608X360265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175272608X360265","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractDrawing on unpublished documents held in the Israel State Archives (Jerusalem), the National Archives (Kew) and the Middle East Centre Archive (Oxford), this article examines the history of the Arab boy scout movement in Palestine under British rule. Using scouting as a case study in the history of imperial education, it charts the development of the movement from the immediate post-war period, when British officials encouraged it to flourish as a cornerstone of mandatory educational policy, to the later 1920s and 30s, when Palestinians began to put scouting to radically different uses.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124820270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1179/175272608X360274
D. Kennedy, R. Bewley
There is, now, the scope for developing the project dramatically. A generous grant from the Packard Humanities Institute will allow us to work on the archives and create a web site on which all our images can be displayed and searched. It will also allow us to treble the number of hours fl own and increase the associated ground exploration. Aerial Archaeology was pioneered in the Middle East in the 1920s with dramatic aerial photographs taken in Syria by the great French scholar, Pere Antoine Poidebard. His discoveries resulted in a book, now a collectors’ item, La trace de Rome dans le desert de Syrie (Paris, 1934). Despite important work in Iraq, Transjordan and Iran, there was nothing to equal Poidebard’s contribution. Collectively, a great deal was achieved in the 1920s and 30s though some countries in the region prohibited it entirely — Turkey is the obvious case. However, a new World War and independence for the countries of the region brought an end to virtually all aerial archaeology throughout the Middle East by about 1950.
现在，这个项目有了大幅发展的空间。来自帕卡德人文学院的一笔慷慨的赠款将允许我们处理这些档案，并创建一个网站，在这个网站上我们所有的图像都可以被展示和搜索。它还将使我们的飞行小时数增加两倍，并增加相关的地面勘探。空中考古是20世纪20年代在中东开创的，当时伟大的法国学者Pere Antoine Poidebard在叙利亚拍摄了引人注目的空中照片。他的发现导致了一本书，现在是收藏家的物品，La trace de Rome dans le desert de Syrie(巴黎，1934)。尽管在伊拉克、外约旦和伊朗做了重要的工作，但没有什么能与普瓦德的贡献相提并论。总的来说，20世纪20年代和30年代取得了很大成就，尽管该地区的一些国家完全禁止这种做法——土耳其就是一个明显的例子。然而，一场新的世界大战和该地区各国的独立，在1950年左右结束了整个中东地区几乎所有的空中考古。
{"title":"Aerial Archaeology in Jordan Project","authors":"D. Kennedy, R. Bewley","doi":"10.1179/175272608X360274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175272608X360274","url":null,"abstract":"There is, now, the scope for developing the project dramatically. A generous grant from the Packard Humanities Institute will allow us to work on the archives and create a web site on which all our images can be displayed and searched. It will also allow us to treble the number of hours fl own and increase the associated ground exploration. Aerial Archaeology was pioneered in the Middle East in the 1920s with dramatic aerial photographs taken in Syria by the great French scholar, Pere Antoine Poidebard. His discoveries resulted in a book, now a collectors’ item, La trace de Rome dans le desert de Syrie (Paris, 1934). Despite important work in Iraq, Transjordan and Iran, there was nothing to equal Poidebard’s contribution. Collectively, a great deal was achieved in the 1920s and 30s though some countries in the region prohibited it entirely — Turkey is the obvious case. However, a new World War and independence for the countries of the region brought an end to virtually all aerial archaeology throughout the Middle East by about 1950.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"27 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132434575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1179/175272608X360238
Elizabeth Saleh
AbstractThis article examines the social impact of economic strategies deployed within the Lebanese wine industry. Focusing on Kefraya in the West Bekaa, a vibrant viticulture region, this article explores sentimental ties to the land. This industry generates strong attachments to place through requirements for long-term investments of capital and labour, encapsulated in the concept of 'terroir'. This concept, which condenses many layers of meaning pertaining to production and identities linked to land, provides a useful lens through which to examine the complexities of the relationships between economic pursuits that change the face of the land and ideas about enduring attachments to place.
{"title":"Planting Vines and Nations; The Lebanese Wine Industry","authors":"Elizabeth Saleh","doi":"10.1179/175272608X360238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175272608X360238","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article examines the social impact of economic strategies deployed within the Lebanese wine industry. Focusing on Kefraya in the West Bekaa, a vibrant viticulture region, this article explores sentimental ties to the land. This industry generates strong attachments to place through requirements for long-term investments of capital and labour, encapsulated in the concept of 'terroir'. This concept, which condenses many layers of meaning pertaining to production and identities linked to land, provides a useful lens through which to examine the complexities of the relationships between economic pursuits that change the face of the land and ideas about enduring attachments to place.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131194703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1179/175272608X360247
G. Carr, S. Nortcliff, R. Potter
AbstractJordan has very limited water resources and treated domestic wastewater offers a valuable contribution to the country's agricultural water supply. The high salt content of the water means that suitable soil management strategies, such as periodic leaching, are required to maintain soil productivity. In research conducted by the authors, soil sampling in Jordan has led to the compilation of data on the effects of irrigation with treated wastewater on soil salinity and boron content. Interviews with farmers and organizations involved with water reuse have gained information on the management of the water. Results reveal that the implementation of effective strategies is influenced by the perception and knowledge of the water. The maintenance of soil sustainability is imperative and achievable through water management both on and off the farm.
{"title":"Water Reuse for Irrigated Agriculture in Jordan: What's Waste about Wastewater?","authors":"G. Carr, S. Nortcliff, R. Potter","doi":"10.1179/175272608X360247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175272608X360247","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractJordan has very limited water resources and treated domestic wastewater offers a valuable contribution to the country's agricultural water supply. The high salt content of the water means that suitable soil management strategies, such as periodic leaching, are required to maintain soil productivity. In research conducted by the authors, soil sampling in Jordan has led to the compilation of data on the effects of irrigation with treated wastewater on soil salinity and boron content. Interviews with farmers and organizations involved with water reuse have gained information on the management of the water. Results reveal that the implementation of effective strategies is influenced by the perception and knowledge of the water. The maintenance of soil sustainability is imperative and achievable through water management both on and off the farm.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132108357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.35
E. Rogan
worked together with British servicemen. At that time, some 18 British officers headed a police force commanded by 55 Palestinian officers and 1,144 Palestinian men from other ranks — in other words, a handful of British officers overseeing a largely indigenous police force. When the British used the word ‘Palestinian’ they referred to both Arabs and Jews who lived in the country. Both Arab and Jewish officers and ‘other ranks’ were active in the police from the very beginning.
{"title":"The Palestine Police Oral History Project: The Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, University of Oxford","authors":"E. Rogan","doi":"10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"worked together with British servicemen. At that time, some 18 British officers headed a police force commanded by 55 Palestinian officers and 1,144 Palestinian men from other ranks — in other words, a handful of British officers overseeing a largely indigenous police force. When the British used the word ‘Palestinian’ they referred to both Arabs and Jews who lived in the country. Both Arab and Jewish officers and ‘other ranks’ were active in the police from the very beginning.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124738270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.23
J. Lovell
Prelude It seemed like a good idea at the time. Sitting in Sydney, designing a new project for a potential new job at the CBRL: something that could be done in a few years, add value and address an interesting question in a sexy, quirky way... It had previously struck me that there were no known Chalcolithic cave sites in Jordan, and yet there were beginning to be dozens in Israel and Palestine. The same types of Chalcolithic settlement sites are documented on both sides of the river and yet no Chalcolithic cave sites like the Cave of the Treasure (Nahal Mishmar) or Nahal Qanah (where the famous gold rings were located) were known from Jordan at all. The pace of development in Israel was turning up caves by accident, but Jordan was much less developed and there was no culture of adventure caving. I wondered whether this was simply a case of ‘if you don’t look you don’t find’. Simple, I thought, let’s do a survey and see if it is true — no one’s tried that before!
{"title":"Extreme Archaeology — Underneath Jordan","authors":"J. Lovell","doi":"10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Prelude It seemed like a good idea at the time. Sitting in Sydney, designing a new project for a potential new job at the CBRL: something that could be done in a few years, add value and address an interesting question in a sexy, quirky way... It had previously struck me that there were no known Chalcolithic cave sites in Jordan, and yet there were beginning to be dozens in Israel and Palestine. The same types of Chalcolithic settlement sites are documented on both sides of the river and yet no Chalcolithic cave sites like the Cave of the Treasure (Nahal Mishmar) or Nahal Qanah (where the famous gold rings were located) were known from Jordan at all. The pace of development in Israel was turning up caves by accident, but Jordan was much less developed and there was no culture of adventure caving. I wondered whether this was simply a case of ‘if you don’t look you don’t find’. Simple, I thought, let’s do a survey and see if it is true — no one’s tried that before!","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127429931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.29
D. Pringle
The order of Knights Templar was established in Jerusalem in the former Aqsa Mosque around 1120 and received its rule after the Council of Troyes in 1129. It is likely that the Templars would have established a house in Acre at an early date, since that was the kingdom of Jerusalem’s principal port and the point of entry for pilgrims, soldiers and supplies arriving from the West. The existence of a house is implied when Philip of Milly was received into the order in Acre on 17 January 1166. The earliest specific references, however, appear in the order’s Hierarchical Statutes of c. 1165. These mention the order’s commander of Acre and the commander of its shipyard there. The latter was a sergeant; and he and the Templars’ ships at Acre were under the authority of the ‘commander of the Land’, to whom all goods arriving by sea normally had to be delivered. The shipyard was probably located on the strand in the eastern part of the old city, where the Hospitallers also later had an arsenal adjacent to the larger one belonging to the king. Goods and supplies, however, would more likely have been landed in the inner harbour under the eyes of the royal customs officials and transported thence to the order’s house.
{"title":"The Templars in Acre, c.1150-1291","authors":"D. Pringle","doi":"10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"The order of Knights Templar was established in Jerusalem in the former Aqsa Mosque around 1120 and received its rule after the Council of Troyes in 1129. It is likely that the Templars would have established a house in Acre at an early date, since that was the kingdom of Jerusalem’s principal port and the point of entry for pilgrims, soldiers and supplies arriving from the West. The existence of a house is implied when Philip of Milly was received into the order in Acre on 17 January 1166. The earliest specific references, however, appear in the order’s Hierarchical Statutes of c. 1165. These mention the order’s commander of Acre and the commander of its shipyard there. The latter was a sergeant; and he and the Templars’ ships at Acre were under the authority of the ‘commander of the Land’, to whom all goods arriving by sea normally had to be delivered. The shipyard was probably located on the strand in the eastern part of the old city, where the Hospitallers also later had an arsenal adjacent to the larger one belonging to the king. Goods and supplies, however, would more likely have been landed in the inner harbour under the eyes of the royal customs officials and transported thence to the order’s house.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133214557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1179/CBRL.2006.1.1.18
E. Peltenburg
Water! The pursuit of reliable, clean supplies of water is increasingly a critical issue for all countries of the Middle East. In the UK, we are familiar with 'drought orders' recently applied in SE England involving the likes of hose pipe bans. But rather than the maintenance of green lawns, in the Middle East it can be a matter of life and death. Accounts of dramatically lower water tables, like those causing the entry of chemical fertilisers into the drinking water system in parts of Jordan or farmers' wells now dug over 100 m deep in the Balikh valley without tapping water, are legion. To mitigate these problems, Turkey, Syria and Iraq have made enormous strides in harnessing one of the great rivers of the world, the Euphrates. For several decades now, increased controls have led to more reliable supplies for irrigation, electricity and other purposes. When comparing mid-20th century maps of the river with today's Google World images, one can see the change is dramatic, from a ribbon to a series of elongated lakes. And archaeology has been involved to greater or lesser extents in the creation of each of these lakes.
{"title":"Rescue Archaeology in the Middle Euphrates Valley","authors":"E. Peltenburg","doi":"10.1179/CBRL.2006.1.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/CBRL.2006.1.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Water! The pursuit of reliable, clean supplies of water is increasingly a critical issue for all countries of the Middle East. In the UK, we are familiar with 'drought orders' recently applied in SE England involving the likes of hose pipe bans. But rather than the maintenance of green lawns, in the Middle East it can be a matter of life and death. Accounts of dramatically lower water tables, like those causing the entry of chemical fertilisers into the drinking water system in parts of Jordan or farmers' wells now dug over 100 m deep in the Balikh valley without tapping water, are legion. To mitigate these problems, Turkey, Syria and Iraq have made enormous strides in harnessing one of the great rivers of the world, the Euphrates. For several decades now, increased controls have led to more reliable supplies for irrigation, electricity and other purposes. When comparing mid-20th century maps of the river with today's Google World images, one can see the change is dramatic, from a ribbon to a series of elongated lakes. And archaeology has been involved to greater or lesser extents in the creation of each of these lakes.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123179979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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