首页 > 最新文献

Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant最新文献

英文 中文
River Terraces of the Nahr el Kebir, NW Syria, and their Palaeolithic Record 叙利亚西北部Nahr el Kebir河阶地及其旧石器时代记录
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1179/175272608X375593
D. Bridgland, R. Westaway, M. Daoud, R. Yassminh, Mohamad Abou Romieh
Revised correlation schemes are reported for fluvial and marine terraces in the Latakia area, NW Syria. These schemes indicate that the region has uplifted during the past four hundred thousand years at circa 0.4 mm a−1. The study region, in the Nahr el Kebir, is a rich source of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic artefacts but it is now clear that many of these have been reported from colluvium, not from in situ within the fluvial or marine deposits. However, the revised fluvial terrace scheme suggests the first appearance of Levallois technique in the region in MIS 8, consistent with western Europe.
报道了叙利亚西北部拉塔基亚地区河流和海相阶地的订正对比方案。这些方案表明,该地区在过去40万年中以约0.4 mm a - 1的速度抬升。位于Nahr el Kebir的研究区域是旧石器时代中下部人工制品的丰富来源,但现在很清楚的是,这些人工制品中的许多都是来自崩积层,而不是来自河流或海洋沉积物的原位。然而,修订后的河流阶地方案表明,在MIS 8中,该地区首次出现了勒瓦卢瓦技术,与西欧一致。
{"title":"River Terraces of the Nahr el Kebir, NW Syria, and their Palaeolithic Record","authors":"D. Bridgland, R. Westaway, M. Daoud, R. Yassminh, Mohamad Abou Romieh","doi":"10.1179/175272608X375593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175272608X375593","url":null,"abstract":"Revised correlation schemes are reported for fluvial and marine terraces in the Latakia area, NW Syria. These schemes indicate that the region has uplifted during the past four hundred thousand years at circa 0.4 mm a−1. The study region, in the Nahr el Kebir, is a rich source of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic artefacts but it is now clear that many of these have been reported from colluvium, not from in situ within the fluvial or marine deposits. However, the revised fluvial terrace scheme suggests the first appearance of Levallois technique in the region in MIS 8, consistent with western Europe.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122265760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
From the Chair & From the Director 来自主席和主任
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1179/175272608X360210
Noel Brehony, B. Finlayson
One of the pleasures of being chairman has been to work with Bill, Yuri and Jaimie and many others within CBRL, and with the offi cers and members of the CBRL Committee of Management. Andrew Garrard, the Hon. Secretary, and Brennan Hiorns, the Hon. Treasurer, like their predecessors put in an immense amount of their own time for the CBRL. We have had an excellent administrative secretary in the form of Penny Wiggins who, apart from being highly effi cient, is also a source of good advice to the offi cers. We have been fortunate to have had for the last eight years such an outstanding director as Bill Finlayson. The CBRL members owe them all a great deal.
担任CBRL主席的乐趣之一是与Bill、Yuri和Jaimie以及CBRL内部的许多其他人以及CBRL管理委员会的官员和成员一起工作。名誉秘书安德鲁·加勒德和名誉司库布伦南·霍恩斯和他们的前任一样,为CBRL投入了大量的时间。我们有一位出色的行政秘书,名叫Penny Wiggins,她除了工作效率高外,还能给官员们提供很好的建议。在过去的八年中,我们有幸拥有像比尔·芬莱森这样杰出的导演。CBRL成员欠他们很多。
{"title":"From the Chair & From the Director","authors":"Noel Brehony, B. Finlayson","doi":"10.1179/175272608X360210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175272608X360210","url":null,"abstract":"One of the pleasures of being chairman has been to work with Bill, Yuri and Jaimie and many others within CBRL, and with the offi cers and members of the CBRL Committee of Management. Andrew Garrard, the Hon. Secretary, and Brennan Hiorns, the Hon. Treasurer, like their predecessors put in an immense amount of their own time for the CBRL. We have had an excellent administrative secretary in the form of Penny Wiggins who, apart from being highly effi cient, is also a source of good advice to the offi cers. We have been fortunate to have had for the last eight years such an outstanding director as Bill Finlayson. The CBRL members owe them all a great deal.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125863746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scouting in Mandate Palestine 在巴勒斯坦托管区进行童军活动
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1179/175272608X360265
John Harte
AbstractDrawing on unpublished documents held in the Israel State Archives (Jerusalem), the National Archives (Kew) and the Middle East Centre Archive (Oxford), this article examines the history of the Arab boy scout movement in Palestine under British rule. Using scouting as a case study in the history of imperial education, it charts the development of the movement from the immediate post-war period, when British officials encouraged it to flourish as a cornerstone of mandatory educational policy, to the later 1920s and 30s, when Palestinians began to put scouting to radically different uses.
摘要本文利用以色列国家档案馆(耶路撒冷)、英国国家档案馆(邱园)和中东中心档案馆(牛津)的未公开文献,考察了英国统治下巴勒斯坦阿拉伯童子军运动的历史。本书将童军运动作为帝国教育史上的一个案例研究,描绘了这项运动的发展历程,从战后英国官员鼓励童军运动蓬勃发展,作为强制性教育政策的基石,到20世纪20年代末和30年代,巴勒斯坦人开始将童军运动用于完全不同的用途。
{"title":"Scouting in Mandate Palestine","authors":"John Harte","doi":"10.1179/175272608X360265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175272608X360265","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractDrawing on unpublished documents held in the Israel State Archives (Jerusalem), the National Archives (Kew) and the Middle East Centre Archive (Oxford), this article examines the history of the Arab boy scout movement in Palestine under British rule. Using scouting as a case study in the history of imperial education, it charts the development of the movement from the immediate post-war period, when British officials encouraged it to flourish as a cornerstone of mandatory educational policy, to the later 1920s and 30s, when Palestinians began to put scouting to radically different uses.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124820270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aerial Archaeology in Jordan Project 约旦项目的空中考古
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1179/175272608X360274
D. Kennedy, R. Bewley
There is, now, the scope for developing the project dramatically. A generous grant from the Packard Humanities Institute will allow us to work on the archives and create a web site on which all our images can be displayed and searched. It will also allow us to treble the number of hours fl own and increase the associated ground exploration. Aerial Archaeology was pioneered in the Middle East in the 1920s with dramatic aerial photographs taken in Syria by the great French scholar, Pere Antoine Poidebard. His discoveries resulted in a book, now a collectors’ item, La trace de Rome dans le desert de Syrie (Paris, 1934). Despite important work in Iraq, Transjordan and Iran, there was nothing to equal Poidebard’s contribution. Collectively, a great deal was achieved in the 1920s and 30s though some countries in the region prohibited it entirely — Turkey is the obvious case. However, a new World War and independence for the countries of the region brought an end to virtually all aerial archaeology throughout the Middle East by about 1950.
现在,这个项目有了大幅发展的空间。来自帕卡德人文学院的一笔慷慨的赠款将允许我们处理这些档案,并创建一个网站,在这个网站上我们所有的图像都可以被展示和搜索。它还将使我们的飞行小时数增加两倍,并增加相关的地面勘探。空中考古是20世纪20年代在中东开创的,当时伟大的法国学者Pere Antoine Poidebard在叙利亚拍摄了引人注目的空中照片。他的发现导致了一本书,现在是收藏家的物品,La trace de Rome dans le desert de Syrie(巴黎,1934)。尽管在伊拉克、外约旦和伊朗做了重要的工作,但没有什么能与普瓦德的贡献相提并论。总的来说,20世纪20年代和30年代取得了很大成就,尽管该地区的一些国家完全禁止这种做法——土耳其就是一个明显的例子。然而,一场新的世界大战和该地区各国的独立,在1950年左右结束了整个中东地区几乎所有的空中考古。
{"title":"Aerial Archaeology in Jordan Project","authors":"D. Kennedy, R. Bewley","doi":"10.1179/175272608X360274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175272608X360274","url":null,"abstract":"There is, now, the scope for developing the project dramatically. A generous grant from the Packard Humanities Institute will allow us to work on the archives and create a web site on which all our images can be displayed and searched. It will also allow us to treble the number of hours fl own and increase the associated ground exploration. Aerial Archaeology was pioneered in the Middle East in the 1920s with dramatic aerial photographs taken in Syria by the great French scholar, Pere Antoine Poidebard. His discoveries resulted in a book, now a collectors’ item, La trace de Rome dans le desert de Syrie (Paris, 1934). Despite important work in Iraq, Transjordan and Iran, there was nothing to equal Poidebard’s contribution. Collectively, a great deal was achieved in the 1920s and 30s though some countries in the region prohibited it entirely — Turkey is the obvious case. However, a new World War and independence for the countries of the region brought an end to virtually all aerial archaeology throughout the Middle East by about 1950.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"27 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132434575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Planting Vines and Nations; The Lebanese Wine Industry 种植葡萄和国家;黎巴嫩葡萄酒产业
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1179/175272608X360238
Elizabeth Saleh
AbstractThis article examines the social impact of economic strategies deployed within the Lebanese wine industry. Focusing on Kefraya in the West Bekaa, a vibrant viticulture region, this article explores sentimental ties to the land. This industry generates strong attachments to place through requirements for long-term investments of capital and labour, encapsulated in the concept of 'terroir'. This concept, which condenses many layers of meaning pertaining to production and identities linked to land, provides a useful lens through which to examine the complexities of the relationships between economic pursuits that change the face of the land and ideas about enduring attachments to place.
摘要本文考察了黎巴嫩葡萄酒行业内部署的经济战略的社会影响。这篇文章聚焦于西贝卡的Kefraya,这是一个充满活力的葡萄种植区,探讨了与这片土地的情感联系。该行业通过对资本和劳动力的长期投资要求产生了强烈的依恋,这体现在“风土”的概念中。这个概念浓缩了与土地相关的生产和身份的许多层面的含义,提供了一个有用的视角,通过它可以检查改变土地面貌的经济追求与对地方的持久依恋之间关系的复杂性。
{"title":"Planting Vines and Nations; The Lebanese Wine Industry","authors":"Elizabeth Saleh","doi":"10.1179/175272608X360238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175272608X360238","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article examines the social impact of economic strategies deployed within the Lebanese wine industry. Focusing on Kefraya in the West Bekaa, a vibrant viticulture region, this article explores sentimental ties to the land. This industry generates strong attachments to place through requirements for long-term investments of capital and labour, encapsulated in the concept of 'terroir'. This concept, which condenses many layers of meaning pertaining to production and identities linked to land, provides a useful lens through which to examine the complexities of the relationships between economic pursuits that change the face of the land and ideas about enduring attachments to place.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131194703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Water Reuse for Irrigated Agriculture in Jordan: What's Waste about Wastewater? 约旦灌溉农业的水再利用:废水中的废物是什么?
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1179/175272608X360247
G. Carr, S. Nortcliff, R. Potter
AbstractJordan has very limited water resources and treated domestic wastewater offers a valuable contribution to the country's agricultural water supply. The high salt content of the water means that suitable soil management strategies, such as periodic leaching, are required to maintain soil productivity. In research conducted by the authors, soil sampling in Jordan has led to the compilation of data on the effects of irrigation with treated wastewater on soil salinity and boron content. Interviews with farmers and organizations involved with water reuse have gained information on the management of the water. Results reveal that the implementation of effective strategies is influenced by the perception and knowledge of the water. The maintenance of soil sustainability is imperative and achievable through water management both on and off the farm.
摘要约旦的水资源十分有限,处理后的生活污水为该国的农业供水做出了宝贵的贡献。水的高含盐量意味着需要适当的土壤管理策略,例如定期淋滤,以保持土壤生产力。在这组作者进行的研究中,对约旦的土壤进行了采样,收集了处理过的废水灌溉对土壤盐分和硼含量影响的数据。与参与水再利用的农民和组织的访谈获得了有关水管理的信息。结果表明,有效策略的实施受到对水的感知和知识的影响。维持土壤的可持续性是必要的,并且可以通过农场内外的水管理来实现。
{"title":"Water Reuse for Irrigated Agriculture in Jordan: What's Waste about Wastewater?","authors":"G. Carr, S. Nortcliff, R. Potter","doi":"10.1179/175272608X360247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175272608X360247","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractJordan has very limited water resources and treated domestic wastewater offers a valuable contribution to the country's agricultural water supply. The high salt content of the water means that suitable soil management strategies, such as periodic leaching, are required to maintain soil productivity. In research conducted by the authors, soil sampling in Jordan has led to the compilation of data on the effects of irrigation with treated wastewater on soil salinity and boron content. Interviews with farmers and organizations involved with water reuse have gained information on the management of the water. Results reveal that the implementation of effective strategies is influenced by the perception and knowledge of the water. The maintenance of soil sustainability is imperative and achievable through water management both on and off the farm.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132108357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Palestine Police Oral History Project: The Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, University of Oxford 巴勒斯坦警察口述历史项目:牛津大学圣安东尼学院中东中心
Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.35
E. Rogan
worked together with British servicemen. At that time, some 18 British officers headed a police force commanded by 55 Palestinian officers and 1,144 Palestinian men from other ranks — in other words, a handful of British officers overseeing a largely indigenous police force. When the British used the word ‘Palestinian’ they referred to both Arabs and Jews who lived in the country. Both Arab and Jewish officers and ‘other ranks’ were active in the police from the very beginning.
与英国军人一起工作当时,大约18名英国军官领导一支由55名巴勒斯坦军官和1 144名其他级别的巴勒斯坦人指挥的警察部队,换句话说,一小撮英国军官监督一支主要是土著警察部队。当英国人使用“巴勒斯坦人”这个词时,他们指的是居住在这个国家的阿拉伯人和犹太人。从一开始,阿拉伯和犹太警察以及“其他阶层”就活跃在警察队伍中。
{"title":"The Palestine Police Oral History Project: The Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, University of Oxford","authors":"E. Rogan","doi":"10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"worked together with British servicemen. At that time, some 18 British officers headed a police force commanded by 55 Palestinian officers and 1,144 Palestinian men from other ranks — in other words, a handful of British officers overseeing a largely indigenous police force. When the British used the word ‘Palestinian’ they referred to both Arabs and Jews who lived in the country. Both Arab and Jewish officers and ‘other ranks’ were active in the police from the very beginning.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124738270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Extreme Archaeology — Underneath Jordan 极限考古——约旦地下
Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.23
J. Lovell
Prelude It seemed like a good idea at the time. Sitting in Sydney, designing a new project for a potential new job at the CBRL: something that could be done in a few years, add value and address an interesting question in a sexy, quirky way... It had previously struck me that there were no known Chalcolithic cave sites in Jordan, and yet there were beginning to be dozens in Israel and Palestine. The same types of Chalcolithic settlement sites are documented on both sides of the river and yet no Chalcolithic cave sites like the Cave of the Treasure (Nahal Mishmar) or Nahal Qanah (where the famous gold rings were located) were known from Jordan at all. The pace of development in Israel was turning up caves by accident, but Jordan was much less developed and there was no culture of adventure caving. I wondered whether this was simply a case of ‘if you don’t look you don’t find’. Simple, I thought, let’s do a survey and see if it is true — no one’s tried that before!
这在当时看来是个好主意。坐在悉尼,为CBRL的一份潜在新工作设计一个新项目:一些可以在几年内完成的事情,增加价值,以一种性感、古怪的方式解决一个有趣的问题……在此之前,我突然意识到在约旦没有已知的石器时代洞穴遗址,然而在以色列和巴勒斯坦已经开始有几十个了。在河的两边都有相同类型的铜器时代的定居点,但是在约旦根本没有发现像宝藏洞(Nahal Mishmar)或Nahal Qanah(著名的金戒指所在的地方)这样的铜器时代的洞穴。以色列的发展速度是偶然发现洞穴,但约旦的发展程度要低得多,没有冒险探索洞穴的文化。我想知道这是否只是一个“如果你不去找,你就找不到”的例子。很简单,我想,让我们做一个调查,看看这是不是真的——之前没有人尝试过!
{"title":"Extreme Archaeology — Underneath Jordan","authors":"J. Lovell","doi":"10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Prelude It seemed like a good idea at the time. Sitting in Sydney, designing a new project for a potential new job at the CBRL: something that could be done in a few years, add value and address an interesting question in a sexy, quirky way... It had previously struck me that there were no known Chalcolithic cave sites in Jordan, and yet there were beginning to be dozens in Israel and Palestine. The same types of Chalcolithic settlement sites are documented on both sides of the river and yet no Chalcolithic cave sites like the Cave of the Treasure (Nahal Mishmar) or Nahal Qanah (where the famous gold rings were located) were known from Jordan at all. The pace of development in Israel was turning up caves by accident, but Jordan was much less developed and there was no culture of adventure caving. I wondered whether this was simply a case of ‘if you don’t look you don’t find’. Simple, I thought, let’s do a survey and see if it is true — no one’s tried that before!","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127429931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Templars in Acre, c.1150-1291 阿克的圣殿骑士,约1150-1291年
Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.29
D. Pringle
The order of Knights Templar was established in Jerusalem in the former Aqsa Mosque around 1120 and received its rule after the Council of Troyes in 1129. It is likely that the Templars would have established a house in Acre at an early date, since that was the kingdom of Jerusalem’s principal port and the point of entry for pilgrims, soldiers and supplies arriving from the West. The existence of a house is implied when Philip of Milly was received into the order in Acre on 17 January 1166. The earliest specific references, however, appear in the order’s Hierarchical Statutes of c. 1165. These mention the order’s commander of Acre and the commander of its shipyard there. The latter was a sergeant; and he and the Templars’ ships at Acre were under the authority of the ‘commander of the Land’, to whom all goods arriving by sea normally had to be delivered. The shipyard was probably located on the strand in the eastern part of the old city, where the Hospitallers also later had an arsenal adjacent to the larger one belonging to the king. Goods and supplies, however, would more likely have been landed in the inner harbour under the eyes of the royal customs officials and transported thence to the order’s house.
圣殿骑士团于1120年左右在耶路撒冷的阿克萨清真寺成立,并于1129年特鲁瓦会议后获得统治。圣殿骑士很可能在很早的时候就在阿克建立了自己的住所,因为阿克是耶路撒冷王国的主要港口,也是朝圣者、士兵和来自西方的物资的入境点。房子的存在是隐含的,当菲利普的米莉收到命令在1166年1月17日在阿克。然而,最早的具体记载出现在公元1165年的《等级章程》中。上面提到了骑士团在阿克的指挥官和在那里的船坞指挥官。后者是个中士;他和圣殿骑士在阿克的船只都受"陆地指挥官"的管辖,通常所有从海上抵达的货物都必须交给他。造船厂可能位于老城东部的一条沙滩上,医院骑士团后来在那里也有一座兵工厂,毗邻国王的大型兵工厂。然而,货物和给养更有可能在皇家海关官员的监视下在内港登陆,然后从那里运到骑士团的住所。
{"title":"The Templars in Acre, c.1150-1291","authors":"D. Pringle","doi":"10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/CBRL.2007.2.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"The order of Knights Templar was established in Jerusalem in the former Aqsa Mosque around 1120 and received its rule after the Council of Troyes in 1129. It is likely that the Templars would have established a house in Acre at an early date, since that was the kingdom of Jerusalem’s principal port and the point of entry for pilgrims, soldiers and supplies arriving from the West. The existence of a house is implied when Philip of Milly was received into the order in Acre on 17 January 1166. The earliest specific references, however, appear in the order’s Hierarchical Statutes of c. 1165. These mention the order’s commander of Acre and the commander of its shipyard there. The latter was a sergeant; and he and the Templars’ ships at Acre were under the authority of the ‘commander of the Land’, to whom all goods arriving by sea normally had to be delivered. The shipyard was probably located on the strand in the eastern part of the old city, where the Hospitallers also later had an arsenal adjacent to the larger one belonging to the king. Goods and supplies, however, would more likely have been landed in the inner harbour under the eyes of the royal customs officials and transported thence to the order’s house.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133214557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rescue Archaeology in the Middle Euphrates Valley 幼发拉底河中部河谷的救援考古
Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.1179/CBRL.2006.1.1.18
E. Peltenburg
Water! The pursuit of reliable, clean supplies of water is increasingly a critical issue for all countries of the Middle East. In the UK, we are familiar with 'drought orders' recently applied in SE England involving the likes of hose pipe bans. But rather than the maintenance of green lawns, in the Middle East it can be a matter of life and death. Accounts of dramatically lower water tables, like those causing the entry of chemical fertilisers into the drinking water system in parts of Jordan or farmers' wells now dug over 100 m deep in the Balikh valley without tapping water, are legion. To mitigate these problems, Turkey, Syria and Iraq have made enormous strides in harnessing one of the great rivers of the world, the Euphrates. For several decades now, increased controls have led to more reliable supplies for irrigation, electricity and other purposes. When comparing mid-20th century maps of the river with today's Google World images, one can see the change is dramatic, from a ribbon to a series of elongated lakes. And archaeology has been involved to greater or lesser extents in the creation of each of these lakes.
水!对所有中东国家来说,追求可靠、清洁的水供应日益成为一个关键问题。在英国,我们很熟悉最近在英格兰东南部实施的“干旱令”,包括软管禁令等。但在中东,这不是维护绿色草坪的问题,而是关乎生死的问题。关于地下水位急剧下降的说法数一数二,比如导致约旦部分地区的饮用水系统被化肥污染,或者农民在巴利赫河谷挖了100多米深的水井却没有自来水。为了缓解这些问题,土耳其、叙利亚和伊拉克在利用世界上最大的河流之一幼发拉底河方面取得了巨大进展。几十年来,越来越多的控制为灌溉、电力和其他用途带来了更可靠的供应。当将20世纪中期的河流地图与今天的谷歌世界图像进行比较时,人们可以看到变化是巨大的,从一条缎带到一系列细长的湖泊。考古学或多或少地参与了这些湖泊的形成。
{"title":"Rescue Archaeology in the Middle Euphrates Valley","authors":"E. Peltenburg","doi":"10.1179/CBRL.2006.1.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/CBRL.2006.1.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Water! The pursuit of reliable, clean supplies of water is increasingly a critical issue for all countries of the Middle East. In the UK, we are familiar with 'drought orders' recently applied in SE England involving the likes of hose pipe bans. But rather than the maintenance of green lawns, in the Middle East it can be a matter of life and death. Accounts of dramatically lower water tables, like those causing the entry of chemical fertilisers into the drinking water system in parts of Jordan or farmers' wells now dug over 100 m deep in the Balikh valley without tapping water, are legion. To mitigate these problems, Turkey, Syria and Iraq have made enormous strides in harnessing one of the great rivers of the world, the Euphrates. For several decades now, increased controls have led to more reliable supplies for irrigation, electricity and other purposes. When comparing mid-20th century maps of the river with today's Google World images, one can see the change is dramatic, from a ribbon to a series of elongated lakes. And archaeology has been involved to greater or lesser extents in the creation of each of these lakes.","PeriodicalId":222428,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123179979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Bulletin of The Council for British Research in The Levant
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1