Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.12.31.01
Charles Lin, Shu‐Chih Yang, S. Ho, N. Pedatella
{"title":"Introduction to the special issue on Exploring the terrestrial and space weather using an operational radio occultation satellite constellation - A FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 Special Issue after 1-year on orbit","authors":"Charles Lin, Shu‐Chih Yang, S. Ho, N. Pedatella","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.12.31.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.12.31.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69525233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.11.15.02
Chung-Huei Chu, Cheng-Yung Huang, C. Fong, Shu-Ya Chen, Yi-Hsiu Chen, W. Yeh, Y. Kuo
{"title":"Atmospheric remote sensing using global navigation satellite systems: From FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC to FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2","authors":"Chung-Huei Chu, Cheng-Yung Huang, C. Fong, Shu-Ya Chen, Yi-Hsiu Chen, W. Yeh, Y. Kuo","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.11.15.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.11.15.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69525315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.07.26.03
Jann‐Yenq Liu, Shih-An Wu
{"title":"Global observations of ROTI by using ground-based GNSS receivers","authors":"Jann‐Yenq Liu, Shih-An Wu","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.07.26.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.07.26.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69523969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.05.15.01
A. Tsai, G. Gong, Kuo-Ping Chiang, Sheng‐Fang Tsai
{"title":"Phytoplankton production and consumption rate in the warm and cold seasons in the coastal ecosystem of Matsu Island","authors":"A. Tsai, G. Gong, Kuo-Ping Chiang, Sheng‐Fang Tsai","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.05.15.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.05.15.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69524163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.06.02.01
Yen-Liang Chou, Pao K. Wang, K. Cheng
We perform a sensitivity study on the ventilation effect of large hydrometeors, namely, raindrops, snow aggregates, and hail in a cloud-resolving model. The ventilation effect could accelerate the heat and mass transfer rates between vapor and falling hydrometeors. It causes the falling hydrometeors to grow (in a supersaturated environment) and dissipate (in a subsaturated environment) faster than the stationary ones. The parameterizations of the ventilation effect on hydrometeors in a cloud model is critical as it could dramatically alter the structure and the lifespan of the simulated storm. Enhancing the ventilation coefficients of falling hydrometeors leads to a longer-lived storm featured by apparent storm splitting. The temporal evolution of hail density fluctuates greater than the default case (the control case) indicating both stronger deposition and sublimation in hail microphysical processes. However, both rainfall and hailfall become less intense than the control run. In contrast, reducing the ventilation effect causes moderate evaporation of raindrops as they fall through subsaturated air. Consequently, the concentration and precipitation rate of raindrops increase near the surface. Strong downdraft accompanying the heavy rainfall cuts off the low-level inflow of unstable moist air into the storm and results in early dissipation of the storm.
{"title":"Sensitivity of simulated storm life span to ventilation parameterization in a cloud resolving model","authors":"Yen-Liang Chou, Pao K. Wang, K. Cheng","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.06.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.06.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"We perform a sensitivity study on the ventilation effect of large hydrometeors, namely, raindrops, snow aggregates, and hail in a cloud-resolving model. The ventilation effect could accelerate the heat and mass transfer rates between vapor and falling hydrometeors. It causes the falling hydrometeors to grow (in a supersaturated environment) and dissipate (in a subsaturated environment) faster than the stationary ones. The parameterizations of the ventilation effect on hydrometeors in a cloud model is critical as it could dramatically alter the structure and the lifespan of the simulated storm. Enhancing the ventilation coefficients of falling hydrometeors leads to a longer-lived storm featured by apparent storm splitting. The temporal evolution of hail density fluctuates greater than the default case (the control case) indicating both stronger deposition and sublimation in hail microphysical processes. However, both rainfall and hailfall become less intense than the control run. In contrast, reducing the ventilation effect causes moderate evaporation of raindrops as they fall through subsaturated air. Consequently, the concentration and precipitation rate of raindrops increase near the surface. Strong downdraft accompanying the heavy rainfall cuts off the low-level inflow of unstable moist air into the storm and results in early dissipation of the storm.","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69524186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.10.01.02
L. Dao, Li‐Chiao Wang, Jia‐Yuh Yu
{"title":"Impacts of Madden-Julian Oscillation on tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific under global warming","authors":"L. Dao, Li‐Chiao Wang, Jia‐Yuh Yu","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.10.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.10.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69524755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.12.18.01
Shih-Kai Chen, C. Jang, Ya-Hsuan Wang
{"title":"Optimal estimates and uncertainty of low-permeability soil fractions in a complicated aquifer system","authors":"Shih-Kai Chen, C. Jang, Ya-Hsuan Wang","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.12.18.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.12.18.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69525072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.12.29.01
Jih-Pai Lin, C. Lin, W. Chu, Chun-Hsiang Chang
Despite the long tradition of studies, there are excellent potentials for research in Taiwan due to emerging techniques and innovative approaches. On the other hand, breakthroughs in DNA sequencing technology have revolutionized our life, and paleontologists can also benefit from the interdisciplinary cooperation to shed light on the phylogeny and development of fossil species through investigating extant sister species. Moreover, unstudied new fossils have been collected and accumulated over the years in Taiwan. New studies attaining higher resolution on the spatiotemporal dynamics of past faunas have provided insights into past biodiversity patterns. In this special issue, a new fossil wood from Taiwan is officially named. The oldest known fossil coral from Taiwan is reported. New fossil records of Sinaechinocyamus mai (Wang, 1984) are documented. Phylogenomics of living sand dollars (Echinodermata; Echinoidea) based on transcriptome with the inclusion of S. mai is discussed. Stereomic microstructures of the first Taiwan fossil echinoid Scaphechinus mirabilis A. Agassiz, 1864 are illustrated. Incomplete keyholed sand dollars can be distinguished at the generic level based on landmark analyses. Mophometrics provides a new approach to explain the circular outlines were achieved independently in distantly related lineages of sand dollars. Non-boring type fossil bivalves buried in situ from Taiwan is documented here for the first time.
尽管台湾的研究传统悠久，但由于新兴的技术和创新的方法，台湾的研究潜力很大。另一方面，DNA测序技术的突破已经彻底改变了我们的生活，古生物学家也可以从跨学科的合作中受益，通过调查现存的姐妹物种来阐明化石物种的系统发生和发展。此外，多年来台湾还收集和积累了未经研究的新化石。对过去动物群时空动态的更高分辨率的新研究提供了对过去生物多样性模式的见解。在本期特刊中，一种来自台湾的新木化石正式命名。台湾发现最古老的珊瑚化石。新记录了迈Sinaechinocyamus (Wang, 1984)化石。活沙棘的系统基因组学;本文讨论了棘总科(echino总科)的转录组特征，其中包括麦氏球菌。台湾首个棘足类化石scapechinus mirabilis A. Agassiz, 1864的立体显微结构。基于地标分析，可以在一般水平上区分不完整的锁孔砂块。莫比计学提供了一种新的方法来解释在远亲沙美元谱系中独立获得的圆形轮廓。本文首次记录了台湾原位埋藏的非钻孔型双壳类化石。
{"title":"Introduction to the special issue on New advances on stratigraphy and paleontology in Taiwan","authors":"Jih-Pai Lin, C. Lin, W. Chu, Chun-Hsiang Chang","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.12.29.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.12.29.01","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the long tradition of studies, there are excellent potentials for research in Taiwan due to emerging techniques and innovative approaches. On the other hand, breakthroughs in DNA sequencing technology have revolutionized our life, and paleontologists can also benefit from the interdisciplinary cooperation to shed light on the phylogeny and development of fossil species through investigating extant sister species. Moreover, unstudied new fossils have been collected and accumulated over the years in Taiwan. New studies attaining higher resolution on the spatiotemporal dynamics of past faunas have provided insights into past biodiversity patterns. In this special issue, a new fossil wood from Taiwan is officially named. The oldest known fossil coral from Taiwan is reported. New fossil records of Sinaechinocyamus mai (Wang, 1984) are documented. Phylogenomics of living sand dollars (Echinodermata; Echinoidea) based on transcriptome with the inclusion of S. mai is discussed. Stereomic microstructures of the first Taiwan fossil echinoid Scaphechinus mirabilis A. Agassiz, 1864 are illustrated. Incomplete keyholed sand dollars can be distinguished at the generic level based on landmark analyses. Mophometrics provides a new approach to explain the circular outlines were achieved independently in distantly related lineages of sand dollars. Non-boring type fossil bivalves buried in situ from Taiwan is documented here for the first time. <A ce t ed M anu scrip t>","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69525155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.11.15.01
Ronaldo Cruz Gatchalian, R. Forsberg, A. Olesen
{"title":"A new Philippine geoid model from airborne and terrestrial gravity data","authors":"Ronaldo Cruz Gatchalian, R. Forsberg, A. Olesen","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.11.15.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.11.15.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69525279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.11.17.01
S. Tsujino, H. Kuo, Hungjui Yu, Buo‐Fu Chen, K. Tsuboki
Afternoon thunderstorms (TSs) over the Taipei metropolitan area often cause meteorological disasters. Further understanding of essential factors for TS organization is important for improving prediction accuracy. This study conducts numerical simulations in two real situations with different environmental profiles: a heavy rainfall (TS) case and a no rainfall (NoTS) case. The TS simulation reasonably captures the afternoon rainfall in the Taipei basin. The thermal structure and sea breeze evolution in the simulations are verified by the observation from a field campaign. In both cases, the sea breeze develops in the afternoon. Weak environmental flow and high humidity are observed in the TS case. In contrast, a thick and dry layer with southeasterly wind above 2-km height is presented in the NoTS case. Four idealized experiments are then performed with the initial conditions based on the actual TS/ NoTS soundings and with/without the southeasterly environmental flows. Despite the different thermal profiles, the two simulations without the southeasterly flows exhibit qualitatively similar rainfall distribution and the evolution of the sea breeze to that of the real TS simulation. However, with the southeasterly environmental flows, the simulation with the NoTS sounding exhibits considerably less convection and rainfall. Therefore, not only moisture profiles but also environmental wind profiles are critical to the TS organization. Novelly, this study further shows that the environmental flow contributes to the suppression of afternoon TSs through keeping entrainment due to the continuous supply of the dry airmass. Article history: Received 13 June 2021 Revised 29 September 2021 Accepted 17 November 2021
{"title":"Effects of mid-level moisture and environmental flow on the development of afternoon thunderstorms in Taipei","authors":"S. Tsujino, H. Kuo, Hungjui Yu, Buo‐Fu Chen, K. Tsuboki","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.11.17.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.11.17.01","url":null,"abstract":"Afternoon thunderstorms (TSs) over the Taipei metropolitan area often cause meteorological disasters. Further understanding of essential factors for TS organization is important for improving prediction accuracy. This study conducts numerical simulations in two real situations with different environmental profiles: a heavy rainfall (TS) case and a no rainfall (NoTS) case. The TS simulation reasonably captures the afternoon rainfall in the Taipei basin. The thermal structure and sea breeze evolution in the simulations are verified by the observation from a field campaign. In both cases, the sea breeze develops in the afternoon. Weak environmental flow and high humidity are observed in the TS case. In contrast, a thick and dry layer with southeasterly wind above 2-km height is presented in the NoTS case. Four idealized experiments are then performed with the initial conditions based on the actual TS/ NoTS soundings and with/without the southeasterly environmental flows. Despite the different thermal profiles, the two simulations without the southeasterly flows exhibit qualitatively similar rainfall distribution and the evolution of the sea breeze to that of the real TS simulation. However, with the southeasterly environmental flows, the simulation with the NoTS sounding exhibits considerably less convection and rainfall. Therefore, not only moisture profiles but also environmental wind profiles are critical to the TS organization. Novelly, this study further shows that the environmental flow contributes to the suppression of afternoon TSs through keeping entrainment due to the continuous supply of the dry airmass. Article history: Received 13 June 2021 Revised 29 September 2021 Accepted 17 November 2021","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69525322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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