Pub Date : 2021-01-07DOI: 10.1007/s12229-020-09237-9
Adam Miodek, Wiesław Włoch, Muhammad Iqbal, Aldona Gizińska, Paweł Kojs
Based on mathematical modelling, this review article describes the mechanism of expansion in the circumference of vascular cambium due to radial growth leading to increase in the tree-trunk diameter, and emphasizes upon the huge difference in the rate of symplastic growth of cambial initials in two different directions, viz. radial and circumferential. On the basis of anatomical evidence regarding the role of symplastic and intrusive growths, the long-standing hypothesis that the intrusive growth contributes to the increase of cambium circumference has been falsified. It has been shown with the help of mathematical calculations as well as anatomical observations that only symplastic growth of the initial cells (in circumferential direction) is responsible for the expansion of cambial circumference.
{"title":"Controversy over the Mode of Growth of Cambial Cylinder","authors":"Adam Miodek, Wiesław Włoch, Muhammad Iqbal, Aldona Gizińska, Paweł Kojs","doi":"10.1007/s12229-020-09237-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-020-09237-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on mathematical modelling, this review article describes the mechanism of expansion in the circumference of vascular cambium due to radial growth leading to increase in the tree-trunk diameter, and emphasizes upon the huge difference in the rate of symplastic growth of cambial initials in two different directions, viz. radial and circumferential. On the basis of anatomical evidence regarding the role of symplastic and intrusive growths, the long-standing hypothesis that the intrusive growth contributes to the increase of cambium circumference has been falsified. It has been shown with the help of mathematical calculations as well as anatomical observations that only symplastic growth of the initial cells (in circumferential direction) is responsible for the expansion of cambial circumference.</p>","PeriodicalId":22364,"journal":{"name":"The Botanical Review","volume":"29 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138503409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-06DOI: 10.1007/s12229-020-09239-7
Vera Lucia Pereira dos Santos, Izabelle Cristina Garcia Rodrigues, Rodrigo Berté, Vijayasankar Raman, Iara José Messias-Reason, Jane Manfron Budel
The State of Parana has a diversity of plants that are used in the traditional medicine and among them are some of the representatives of the Piperaceae family. Piper is the one of the most important genera of this family and its species show similar morphology and different biological activities. The literature shows that approximately 54 species of Piper have been described in the State of Paraná. The purpose of this study is to gather key information by means of electronic databases, about the morphoanatomy and biological activities of species of Piper found in the State of Paraná. The results with regard to the morphoanatomy show that, on the whole, the species that have been described possess hypostomatic leaves, non-glandular and glandular trichomes, and calcium oxalate crystals in the leaves and stems. Several biological activities have been reported, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, digestive, diuretic, insecticidal, leishmanicidal, pesticide and trypanocide.
{"title":"Review of Piper species growing in the Brazilian State of Paraná with emphasize on the vegetative anatomy and biological activities","authors":"Vera Lucia Pereira dos Santos, Izabelle Cristina Garcia Rodrigues, Rodrigo Berté, Vijayasankar Raman, Iara José Messias-Reason, Jane Manfron Budel","doi":"10.1007/s12229-020-09239-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-020-09239-7","url":null,"abstract":"The State of Parana has a diversity of plants that are used in the traditional medicine and among them are some of the representatives of the Piperaceae family. Piper is the one of the most important genera of this family and its species show similar morphology and different biological activities. The literature shows that approximately 54 species of Piper have been described in the State of Paraná. The purpose of this study is to gather key information by means of electronic databases, about the morphoanatomy and biological activities of species of Piper found in the State of Paraná. The results with regard to the morphoanatomy show that, on the whole, the species that have been described possess hypostomatic leaves, non-glandular and glandular trichomes, and calcium oxalate crystals in the leaves and stems. Several biological activities have been reported, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, digestive, diuretic, insecticidal, leishmanicidal, pesticide and trypanocide.","PeriodicalId":22364,"journal":{"name":"The Botanical Review","volume":"29 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138503408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafflesia produces the largest single flowers in the world, at the expense of its host vine, Tetrastigma, yet it begins as an inconspicuous endophyte. It is unknown how the Rafflesia seed gets into the host and germinates. Multiple locals claim to have successfully grown the holoparasitic flower from seeds resulting in blooms. Using available morpho-histological studies, combined with descriptions from local Rafflesia seed growers, as well as unpublished details of our own work, we filled in the missing details of Rafflesia’s life cycle from seed germination to endophyte inside the host before it transitions to its flowering stage. Post-germination, the Rafflesia endophyte forms a clonal network of vegetative meristematic cells, separated by the dividing host tissue, each meristematic cell cluster eventually developing into the primordial floral bud or protocorm. We propose future work involving mass spectrometry imaging to characterize the metabolites that allow communication between distant endophytic clusters and floral bud induction without destroying the histology of the sample.
{"title":"A Plant within a Plant: Insights on the Development of the Rafflesia Endophyte within its Host","authors":"Adhityo Wicaksono, Sofi Mursidawati, Jeanmaire Molina","doi":"10.1007/s12229-020-09236-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-020-09236-w","url":null,"abstract":"Rafflesia produces the largest single flowers in the world, at the expense of its host vine, Tetrastigma, yet it begins as an inconspicuous endophyte. It is unknown how the Rafflesia seed gets into the host and germinates. Multiple locals claim to have successfully grown the holoparasitic flower from seeds resulting in blooms. Using available morpho-histological studies, combined with descriptions from local Rafflesia seed growers, as well as unpublished details of our own work, we filled in the missing details of Rafflesia’s life cycle from seed germination to endophyte inside the host before it transitions to its flowering stage. Post-germination, the Rafflesia endophyte forms a clonal network of vegetative meristematic cells, separated by the dividing host tissue, each meristematic cell cluster eventually developing into the primordial floral bud or protocorm. We propose future work involving mass spectrometry imaging to characterize the metabolites that allow communication between distant endophytic clusters and floral bud induction without destroying the histology of the sample.","PeriodicalId":22364,"journal":{"name":"The Botanical Review","volume":"29 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138503407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.1007/s12229-020-09235-x
Rafael Gomes Barbosa-Silva, Marcelo Leandro Bueno, Paulo Henrique Labiak, Marcus Alberto Nadruz Coelho, Gustavo Martinelli, Rafaela Campostrini Forzza
Formed by tall flat-topped mountains known as tepuis, the Pantepui is an important center of vascular plant endemism and diversity in South America. In Brazil, the Pantepui is mostly on the border of Venezuela, and an isolated area, Serra do Aracá, stands out as the tepui southernmost. In this paper we present a floristic survey of the vascular plants that occur on Serra do Aracá, compare the richness to other tepuis, and commented on the conservation of Amazonian “campos rupestres”. Our dataset includes over 1600 records, either collected by us in three field expeditions, or by other botanists. A checklist with 436 species of vascular plants is provided. Our study also shows that among the 34 tepuis of the Pantepui, Serra do Aracá ranks tenth in species richness and has 24 endemic species. Serra do Aracá, like other tepuis, houses representatives of ancestral lineages of vascular plants of South America, showing how important tepuis are as cradles of lineages. Despite its importance for Amazonian biodiversity, Serra do Aracá is one of the natural reserves in the Amazon with the highest number of requests for mining. Formado por altas montanhas de cumes chapados conhecidos como tepuis, o Pantepui é um importante centro de endemismo e diversidade de plantas vasculares na América do Sul. No Brasil, o Pantepui encontra-se principalmente na fronteira com a Venezuela, e uma área isolada, a Serra do Aracá, destaca-se como o mais meridional dos tepuis. Neste trabalho apresentamos um levantamento florístico das plantas vasculares que ocorrem na Serra do Aracá, comparamos a riqueza com outros tepuis, e comentamos sobre a conservação dos campos rupestres amazônicos. Nosso conjunto de dados inclui mais de 1600 registros, coletados por nós em três expedições de campo, ou por outros botânicos. Uma lista de verificação com 436 espécies de plantas vasculares é fornecida. Nosso estudo também mostra que entre os 34 tepuis do Pantepui, a Serra do Aracá ocupa a décima posição em riqueza de espécies e possui 24 espécies endêmicas. A Serra do Aracá, como outros tepuis, abriga representantes de linhagens ancestrais de plantas vasculares da América do Sul, mostrando a importância dos tepuis como berços de linhagens. Apesar de sua importância para a biodiversidade amazônica, a Serra do Aracá está em uma das unidades de conservação estaduais da Amazônia com o maior número de processos para mineração.
Pantepui由被称为tepuis的高大平顶山脉组成，是南美洲维管植物特有和多样性的重要中心。在巴西，潘特普伊大部分位于委内瑞拉边境，而一个孤立的地区，塞拉·多·阿拉ac，是特普伊最南端的地区。本文介绍了亚马孙雨林中存在的维管植物的区系调查，比较了其丰富度，并对亚马孙雨林“campos rupestres”的保护进行了评述。我们的数据集包括1600多条记录，要么是我们在三次实地考察中收集的，要么是其他植物学家收集的。提供了一份包含436种维管植物的清单。研究还表明，在潘特普伊的34种tepui中，aracserra do arac的物种丰富度排名第10位，有24种特有种。像其他tepuis一样，Serra do arac拥有南美洲维管植物祖先谱系的代表，这表明tepuis作为谱系摇篮的重要性。尽管它对亚马逊的生物多样性很重要，但阿拉ac山是亚马逊自然保护区中要求采矿数量最多的地区之一。在南美洲的中美洲，有一个重要的植物血管多样性地方研究中心。没有巴西，没有委内瑞拉，没有委内瑞拉，没有委内瑞拉，没有委内瑞拉，没有委内瑞拉，没有委内瑞拉，没有委内瑞拉，没有委内瑞拉，没有委内瑞拉，没有委内瑞拉。Neste trabalho提出了一种新的研究方法florístico as plantas vasculares que ocorrem na Serra do aracacs ，比较了一种riqueza和outros tepuis, e评论了一种新的研究方法 o do campos rupestres amazônicos。noso conjunto de dados包括mais de 1600 registros, coletados por nós em três expedições de campo, ou por outros botnicos。Uma lista de verificapr o . com 436 espacimcies de plantas vasculares fornecida。Nosso estudo tambem mostra os 34 tepuis做Pantepui之间,塞拉做Araca ocupa一个德西玛posicao em riqueza de especies e possui 24 especies endemicas。A Serra do aracacia, como outros tepuis, abriga代表了南美洲amacacia的植物血管物种祖先，最重要的是，南美洲amacacia的tepuis como beros de linhagens。Apesar de sua importancia para biodiversidade amazonica,塞拉做Araca esta em乌玛·达斯失去de conservacao estaduais da亚马逊com o星座号de processos para mineracao。
{"title":"The Pantepui in the Brazilian Amazon: Vascular Flora of Serra Do Aracá, a Cradle of Diversity, Richness and Endemism","authors":"Rafael Gomes Barbosa-Silva, Marcelo Leandro Bueno, Paulo Henrique Labiak, Marcus Alberto Nadruz Coelho, Gustavo Martinelli, Rafaela Campostrini Forzza","doi":"10.1007/s12229-020-09235-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-020-09235-x","url":null,"abstract":"Formed by tall flat-topped mountains known as tepuis, the Pantepui is an important center of vascular plant endemism and diversity in South America. In Brazil, the Pantepui is mostly on the border of Venezuela, and an isolated area, Serra do Aracá, stands out as the tepui southernmost. In this paper we present a floristic survey of the vascular plants that occur on Serra do Aracá, compare the richness to other tepuis, and commented on the conservation of Amazonian “campos rupestres”. Our dataset includes over 1600 records, either collected by us in three field expeditions, or by other botanists. A checklist with 436 species of vascular plants is provided. Our study also shows that among the 34 tepuis of the Pantepui, Serra do Aracá ranks tenth in species richness and has 24 endemic species. Serra do Aracá, like other tepuis, houses representatives of ancestral lineages of vascular plants of South America, showing how important tepuis are as cradles of lineages. Despite its importance for Amazonian biodiversity, Serra do Aracá is one of the natural reserves in the Amazon with the highest number of requests for mining. Formado por altas montanhas de cumes chapados conhecidos como tepuis, o Pantepui é um importante centro de endemismo e diversidade de plantas vasculares na América do Sul. No Brasil, o Pantepui encontra-se principalmente na fronteira com a Venezuela, e uma área isolada, a Serra do Aracá, destaca-se como o mais meridional dos tepuis. Neste trabalho apresentamos um levantamento florístico das plantas vasculares que ocorrem na Serra do Aracá, comparamos a riqueza com outros tepuis, e comentamos sobre a conservação dos campos rupestres amazônicos. Nosso conjunto de dados inclui mais de 1600 registros, coletados por nós em três expedições de campo, ou por outros botânicos. Uma lista de verificação com 436 espécies de plantas vasculares é fornecida. Nosso estudo também mostra que entre os 34 tepuis do Pantepui, a Serra do Aracá ocupa a décima posição em riqueza de espécies e possui 24 espécies endêmicas. A Serra do Aracá, como outros tepuis, abriga representantes de linhagens ancestrais de plantas vasculares da América do Sul, mostrando a importância dos tepuis como berços de linhagens. Apesar de sua importância para a biodiversidade amazônica, a Serra do Aracá está em uma das unidades de conservação estaduais da Amazônia com o maior número de processos para mineração.","PeriodicalId":22364,"journal":{"name":"The Botanical Review","volume":"29 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138503406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1007/s12229-020-09221-3
M. A. Dar, Afshana, Aashaq H Sheikh, G. A. Wani, Z. Reshi, M. Shah
{"title":"Dynamics of Mycorrhizal Mutualism in Relation to Plant Invasion Along an Altitudinal Gradient in Kashmir Himalaya","authors":"M. A. Dar, Afshana, Aashaq H Sheikh, G. A. Wani, Z. Reshi, M. Shah","doi":"10.1007/s12229-020-09221-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-020-09221-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22364,"journal":{"name":"The Botanical Review","volume":"347 15","pages":"1 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141228216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1007/s12229-020-09220-4
An Yan, Zhong Chen
{"title":"The Control of Seed Dormancy and Germination by Temperature, Light and Nitrate","authors":"An Yan, Zhong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12229-020-09220-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-020-09220-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22364,"journal":{"name":"The Botanical Review","volume":"360 24","pages":"39 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141227998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1007/s12229-020-09217-z
S. Molino, C. Prada, J. M. Gabriel y Galán, P. Wąsowicz, B. Estébanez, R. Vázquez
{"title":"Sporangia and Spores in the Fern Genera Spicantopsis and Struthiopteris (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida)","authors":"S. Molino, C. Prada, J. M. Gabriel y Galán, P. Wąsowicz, B. Estébanez, R. Vázquez","doi":"10.1007/s12229-020-09217-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-020-09217-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22364,"journal":{"name":"The Botanical Review","volume":"332 1","pages":"76 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141228081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1007/s12229-020-09221-3
M. A. Dar, Afshana, Aashaq H Sheikh, G. A. Wani, Z. Reshi, M. Shah
{"title":"Dynamics of Mycorrhizal Mutualism in Relation to Plant Invasion Along an Altitudinal Gradient in Kashmir Himalaya","authors":"M. A. Dar, Afshana, Aashaq H Sheikh, G. A. Wani, Z. Reshi, M. Shah","doi":"10.1007/s12229-020-09221-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-020-09221-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22364,"journal":{"name":"The Botanical Review","volume":"93 4","pages":"1 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141225996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1007/s12229-020-09217-z
S. Molino, C. Prada, J. M. Gabriel y Galán, P. Wąsowicz, B. Estébanez, R. Vázquez
{"title":"Sporangia and Spores in the Fern Genera Spicantopsis and Struthiopteris (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida)","authors":"S. Molino, C. Prada, J. M. Gabriel y Galán, P. Wąsowicz, B. Estébanez, R. Vázquez","doi":"10.1007/s12229-020-09217-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-020-09217-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22364,"journal":{"name":"The Botanical Review","volume":"20 2","pages":"76 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141226546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1007/s12229-020-09220-4
An Yan, Zhong Chen
{"title":"The Control of Seed Dormancy and Germination by Temperature, Light and Nitrate","authors":"An Yan, Zhong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12229-020-09220-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-020-09220-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22364,"journal":{"name":"The Botanical Review","volume":"336 4","pages":"39 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141228066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号