Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.21608/TIMS.2021.191623
N. S. Mansour, H. M. Yehia, A. Ali
Five samples contain 0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 wt. % graphene (GNs) were prepared by the powder metallurgy technique. The 20 (WC-TiC-Co) wt. %, 5wt. %Ni, and the different weight percentages of the graphene (GNs) were coated by copper by the electroless coating process. The effect of the GNs on the density, hardness, compressive strength, and thermal expansion was studied. The microstructure revealed an excellent distribution for the different reinforcements and good adhesion between them. The results indicate that the hardness and the compressive resistance were significantly improved. These improvements were attributed to the remarkable mechanical and physical properties of the GNs. The thermal expansion was decreased by increasing the GNs content.
{"title":"Graphene Reinforced Copper Matrix Nano-Composite for Resistance Seam Welding Electrode","authors":"N. S. Mansour, H. M. Yehia, A. Ali","doi":"10.21608/TIMS.2021.191623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/TIMS.2021.191623","url":null,"abstract":"Five samples contain 0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 wt. % graphene (GNs) were prepared by the powder metallurgy technique. The 20 (WC-TiC-Co) wt. %, 5wt. %Ni, and the different weight percentages of the graphene (GNs) were coated by copper by the electroless coating process. The effect of the GNs on the density, hardness, compressive strength, and thermal expansion was studied. The microstructure revealed an excellent distribution for the different reinforcements and good adhesion between them. The results indicate that the hardness and the compressive resistance were significantly improved. These improvements were attributed to the remarkable mechanical and physical properties of the GNs. The thermal expansion was decreased by increasing the GNs content.","PeriodicalId":22390,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies (TIMS)","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73561765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.21608/tims.2021.191717
N. Gad, J. Samaan
{"title":"A Comparative Study between Rhadophyta And Phyophta on Biosorption of U and Th.","authors":"N. Gad, J. Samaan","doi":"10.21608/tims.2021.191717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/tims.2021.191717","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22390,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies (TIMS)","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72639749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.21608/tims.2021.191719
S. S. Abd Elmomen
{"title":"Reoxidation of Direct Reduced Iron in Stagnant Air in The Temperature Range between 150 and 450°C.","authors":"S. S. Abd Elmomen","doi":"10.21608/tims.2021.191719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/tims.2021.191719","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22390,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies (TIMS)","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87729492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.21608/tims.2021.191363
W. Mabrouk, M. Moussa, S. Abdelwahab, A. Ali
The cooling slope casting process has gained significant importance for the manufacturing of semisolid feedstock aluminum alloys, which find applications in the automotive and aerospace industries. The effect of the pouring temperatures on the microstructure of A356 aluminum alloy via semisolid casting using the slope cooling plate has been investigated. The prepared alloy that becomes semisolid at the end of the cooling slope plate is consequently poured into a sand mold. Without using the slope cooling plate, the α-Al phases became coarse dendritic structure with an average length of about 287.5 μm. In case of using the slope cooling plate at the optimum pouring temperature of 640°C, The α-Al phase developed a fine globular structure with the average grain size of about 72.6 μm. The tensile properties of the investigated A356 alloy were improved by the application of semisolid casting at the optimum pouring temperature of 640°C. The ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of the investigated alloy significantly increased from 102 MPa and 1.175% without semisolid casting to 113 MPa and 3.6 % with semisolid casting at the optimum pouring temperature of 640°C, respectively then gradually decreased with further increasing the pouring temperature. The fracture mechanism has been also investigated.
{"title":"Effect of the Pouring Temperature on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of A356 Aluminum Alloy via Semisolid Casting using Slope Cooling Plate.","authors":"W. Mabrouk, M. Moussa, S. Abdelwahab, A. Ali","doi":"10.21608/tims.2021.191363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/tims.2021.191363","url":null,"abstract":"The cooling slope casting process has gained significant importance for the manufacturing of semisolid feedstock aluminum alloys, which find applications in the automotive and aerospace industries. The effect of the pouring temperatures on the microstructure of A356 aluminum alloy via semisolid casting using the slope cooling plate has been investigated. The prepared alloy that becomes semisolid at the end of the cooling slope plate is consequently poured into a sand mold. Without using the slope cooling plate, the α-Al phases became coarse dendritic structure with an average length of about 287.5 μm. In case of using the slope cooling plate at the optimum pouring temperature of 640°C, The α-Al phase developed a fine globular structure with the average grain size of about 72.6 μm. The tensile properties of the investigated A356 alloy were improved by the application of semisolid casting at the optimum pouring temperature of 640°C. The ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of the investigated alloy significantly increased from 102 MPa and 1.175% without semisolid casting to 113 MPa and 3.6 % with semisolid casting at the optimum pouring temperature of 640°C, respectively then gradually decreased with further increasing the pouring temperature. The fracture mechanism has been also investigated.","PeriodicalId":22390,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies (TIMS)","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86092726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.21608/tims.2021.191718
H. A. Radwan, A. Faheim, E. El-Sheikh, Z. A. Abd El‐Wahab, M. Gado
The present work describes a study of the acidic pug leaching technique for Uextraction in addition to some associated valuable metals from a collected technological sample of ferruginous shale from Wadi Um Hamed of Um Bogma Formation at Abu Thor locality of southwestern Sinai, Egypt. A representative sample of the ore material was found to assay 900, 700 and 400 ppm of REEs, U and Cu, respectively in addition to some major and minor oxides. Numerous steps were perform upon the studied sample to process parametric studies like sulfuric acid concentration (50-150 kg/ton), curing time (0.5-5.0 h) and curing temperature (50150°C) in order to assess the best one giving the optimum conditions. Under the optimal conditions (150 kg/ton sulfuric acid for 4.0 h at 150°C), the first step involved Fe-removal as hydroxide from the pregnant leaching solution using pH adjustment method followed by Urecovery through sorption / desorption and precipitation steps with the help of Amberlite IRA400-Cl (strongly basic anion exchange resin) via column method. In the third step, REEsrecovery from Ufree effluent was investigated using oxalic acid precipitation process while Curecovery by precipitation as hydroxide with ammonia solution was tack place.
{"title":"Recovery of Some Valuable Elements from Highly Ferruginous Shale, Um Bogma Formation, Wadi Um Hamed, South Western Sinai, Egypt.","authors":"H. A. Radwan, A. Faheim, E. El-Sheikh, Z. A. Abd El‐Wahab, M. Gado","doi":"10.21608/tims.2021.191718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/tims.2021.191718","url":null,"abstract":"The present work describes a study of the acidic pug leaching technique for Uextraction in addition to some associated valuable metals from a collected technological sample of ferruginous shale from Wadi Um Hamed of Um Bogma Formation at Abu Thor locality of southwestern Sinai, Egypt. A representative sample of the ore material was found to assay 900, 700 and 400 ppm of REEs, U and Cu, respectively in addition to some major and minor oxides. Numerous steps were perform upon the studied sample to process parametric studies like sulfuric acid concentration (50-150 kg/ton), curing time (0.5-5.0 h) and curing temperature (50150°C) in order to assess the best one giving the optimum conditions. Under the optimal conditions (150 kg/ton sulfuric acid for 4.0 h at 150°C), the first step involved Fe-removal as hydroxide from the pregnant leaching solution using pH adjustment method followed by Urecovery through sorption / desorption and precipitation steps with the help of Amberlite IRA400-Cl (strongly basic anion exchange resin) via column method. In the third step, REEsrecovery from Ufree effluent was investigated using oxalic acid precipitation process while Curecovery by precipitation as hydroxide with ammonia solution was tack place.","PeriodicalId":22390,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies (TIMS)","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89912386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.21608/tims.2019.189874
D. Zaki
The present work aims to study the processing characteristics of the geologic ore material under consideration to prepare leach liquor suitable for the recovery of highly pure Y oxide concentrate. Ammonium sulfate roasting method was applied upon the study geologic ore material and selectively recovers 88.6% of total REEs. Several roasting parameters were investigated to optimize the selective dissolution of REEs. Since, from the foregoing results, it can be concluded that, the maximum dissolution efficiency, % of REEs from Gabal (G.) El-Faliq ore material by roasting with (NHR4R)R2RSOR4R was conducted at Solid/Reagent ratio: 1/2, Roasting time: 2 hrs. and Roasting temperature: 600°C. From the latter, 91% of Y content from prepared RE(NOR3R)R3R solution using 2M TBP, has been recovered at pH of 1.5 by using 2M of TBP / Kerosene for 9 min. as contact time and O/A ratio of 1/1. More than 98% of the loaded Y was regenerated using 3M HR2RSOR4R at A/O ratio of 2/1 and contact time of 25 min. From the latter, highly pure YR2ROR3 Rwas prepared after oxalate precipitation.
{"title":"Preparation of Highly Pure Y2O3 from Rees Concentrate of Gabal El-Faliq Granitoid Rocks, South Eastern Desert, Egypt.","authors":"D. Zaki","doi":"10.21608/tims.2019.189874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/tims.2019.189874","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aims to study the processing characteristics of the geologic ore material under consideration to prepare leach liquor suitable for the recovery of highly pure Y oxide concentrate. Ammonium sulfate roasting method was applied upon the study geologic ore material and selectively recovers 88.6% of total REEs. Several roasting parameters were investigated to optimize the selective dissolution of REEs. Since, from the foregoing results, it can be concluded that, the maximum dissolution efficiency, % of REEs from Gabal (G.) El-Faliq ore material by roasting with (NHR4R)R2RSOR4R was conducted at Solid/Reagent ratio: 1/2, Roasting time: 2 hrs. and Roasting temperature: 600°C. From the latter, 91% of Y content from prepared RE(NOR3R)R3R solution using 2M TBP, has been recovered at pH of 1.5 by using 2M of TBP / Kerosene for 9 min. as contact time and O/A ratio of 1/1. More than 98% of the loaded Y was regenerated using 3M HR2RSOR4R at A/O ratio of 2/1 and contact time of 25 min. From the latter, highly pure YR2ROR3 Rwas prepared after oxalate precipitation.","PeriodicalId":22390,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies (TIMS)","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79994976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.21608/tims.2019.191204
A. A. El-Shennawy
Phosphate plays a significant economic role in developing countries because the phosphate rock is consumed in the agricultural sector as fertilizers and animal feedstocks as well as used in the manufacture of high-grade phosphoric acid used in the manufacture used in pharmaceuticals, detergents, food products and other industrial uses. So, this research focus is represented in how to apply some new physical concentration processes derived from ore dressing to arise the concentration of P2O5 (21.14%) in sample of 10 Kg of low grade Egyptian phosphate ore was collected from East El-Sibaeya region as an alternative method to the existing calcination method, which is not friendly environment and has several disadvantages and accordingly the find relationship between the uranium concentration and the upgrading of El-Sibaeya phosphate ore. Upgrading the phosphate ore is done through crushing, screening, up current Classifiers, gravimetric separation and hydraulic separation. The results of this study led to achieve the desired product (high grade of phosphate) which is imperative to meeting market requirements, and at optimum conditions gave a product which analyzed P2O5 (33.63%), CaO (47.66%), MgO (0.57%), SiO2 (4.91%), NaO2 (0.49%), K2O (0.89%), Al2O3 (0.64%), Fe2O3 (1.25%) and U (172.12 ppm).
{"title":"Relationship between the Uranium Concentration and the Upgrading of El-Sibaeya Phosphate Ore by New Physical Processes.","authors":"A. A. El-Shennawy","doi":"10.21608/tims.2019.191204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/tims.2019.191204","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphate plays a significant economic role in developing countries because the phosphate rock is consumed in the agricultural sector as fertilizers and animal feedstocks as well as used in the manufacture of high-grade phosphoric acid used in the manufacture used in pharmaceuticals, detergents, food products and other industrial uses. So, this research focus is represented in how to apply some new physical concentration processes derived from ore dressing to arise the concentration of P2O5 (21.14%) in sample of 10 Kg of low grade Egyptian phosphate ore was collected from East El-Sibaeya region as an alternative method to the existing calcination method, which is not friendly environment and has several disadvantages and accordingly the find relationship between the uranium concentration and the upgrading of El-Sibaeya phosphate ore. Upgrading the phosphate ore is done through crushing, screening, up current Classifiers, gravimetric separation and hydraulic separation. The results of this study led to achieve the desired product (high grade of phosphate) which is imperative to meeting market requirements, and at optimum conditions gave a product which analyzed P2O5 (33.63%), CaO (47.66%), MgO (0.57%), SiO2 (4.91%), NaO2 (0.49%), K2O (0.89%), Al2O3 (0.64%), Fe2O3 (1.25%) and U (172.12 ppm).","PeriodicalId":22390,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies (TIMS)","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90191364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.21608/tims.2019.189866
A. A. Abd El-Fatah
{"title":"Purification of Lanthanum Oxide by Magnetic Nano-Composite Alginate Beads after Its Concentration from Acidic Monazite Leach Liquor.","authors":"A. A. Abd El-Fatah","doi":"10.21608/tims.2019.189866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/tims.2019.189866","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22390,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies (TIMS)","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84879651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.21608/tims.2019.190142
M. El-awady, A. Abd-elfatah, S. M. Abd-Elwahab, A. H. Mahmoud, O. Helaly
Rare earth elements (REE) solubility with carbonate salts vary greatly from element to element. The heavy rare earth elements (HRE) being more soluble than the light rare earth elements. Their solubility is a function of the carbonate concentration and the kind of carbonate as sodium, potassium and ammonium. In this work, it is explored the ability of the carbonate for the precipitation of the REE and an easy separation of yttrium was achieved using sodium carbonate to form complex yttrium carbonate followed by oxalic acid precipitation. Form this work REEs concentrate containing (%) 1.8 YR2ROR3R, 1.6 GdR2ROR3R, 23.4 CeOR2R, 7.6 NdR2ROR3R, 11.4 LaR2ROR3R, 2.3 SmR2ROR3R, 0.8 EuR2ROR3R and 3.1 PrR6ROR11R, where the mentioned concentrate was produced after the acid treatment of monazite mineral followed by dissolution with ice water. The produced solution was precipitated with sodium carbonate followed by dissolution in hydrochloric acid and precipitation using oxalic acid to produce yttrium concentrate containing 54.86% YR2ROR3,R 15.53% CeOR2,R 15.29% LaR2ROR3R and 6.90% NdR2ROR3R.
{"title":"Selective Precipitation of Yttrium From Monazite Acid Leach Liquor by Using Carbonates Precipitation Method.","authors":"M. El-awady, A. Abd-elfatah, S. M. Abd-Elwahab, A. H. Mahmoud, O. Helaly","doi":"10.21608/tims.2019.190142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/tims.2019.190142","url":null,"abstract":"Rare earth elements (REE) solubility with carbonate salts vary greatly from element to element. The heavy rare earth elements (HRE) being more soluble than the light rare earth elements. Their solubility is a function of the carbonate concentration and the kind of carbonate as sodium, potassium and ammonium. In this work, it is explored the ability of the carbonate for the precipitation of the REE and an easy separation of yttrium was achieved using sodium carbonate to form complex yttrium carbonate followed by oxalic acid precipitation. Form this work REEs concentrate containing (%) 1.8 YR2ROR3R, 1.6 GdR2ROR3R, 23.4 CeOR2R, 7.6 NdR2ROR3R, 11.4 LaR2ROR3R, 2.3 SmR2ROR3R, 0.8 EuR2ROR3R and 3.1 PrR6ROR11R, where the mentioned concentrate was produced after the acid treatment of monazite mineral followed by dissolution with ice water. The produced solution was precipitated with sodium carbonate followed by dissolution in hydrochloric acid and precipitation using oxalic acid to produce yttrium concentrate containing 54.86% YR2ROR3,R 15.53% CeOR2,R 15.29% LaR2ROR3R and 6.90% NdR2ROR3R.","PeriodicalId":22390,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies (TIMS)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73078936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.21608/tims.2019.191206
H. Abdelwahed, M. Shaheen, G. Megahed, E. Ahmed, M. Meraikib
Slag and the corresponding hot metal samples were collected just before tapping from electric arc furnace of Ezz Flat Steel Company (EFS) and analyzed. The temperature of hot metal was measured before tapping. The analyses of slag and hot metal together with the metal temperature were used to estimate the activity coefficient and activity of total ferrous oxides in slag, also investigate carbon and oxygen activity coefficient in steel according to the statistical theory of regular ionic solutions. The oxides capacity of the slag was also assessed. The variation of carbon and oxygen activity in hot metal with the concentration was also treated. The ratio of activity to concentration of total ferrous oxides is constant and equal to 0.0179. The activity coefficients of oxygen and carbon in steel are 0.810 and 1.0704, respectively. The oxides capacity of the slag increases with increasing carbon concentration in the bath and with increasing DRI proportion in the charge.
{"title":"Effect of Direct Reduced Iron on Ferrous Oxide Capacity of Slag in Electric Arc Furnace.","authors":"H. Abdelwahed, M. Shaheen, G. Megahed, E. Ahmed, M. Meraikib","doi":"10.21608/tims.2019.191206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/tims.2019.191206","url":null,"abstract":"Slag and the corresponding hot metal samples were collected just before tapping from electric arc furnace of Ezz Flat Steel Company (EFS) and analyzed. The temperature of hot metal was measured before tapping. The analyses of slag and hot metal together with the metal temperature were used to estimate the activity coefficient and activity of total ferrous oxides in slag, also investigate carbon and oxygen activity coefficient in steel according to the statistical theory of regular ionic solutions. The oxides capacity of the slag was also assessed. The variation of carbon and oxygen activity in hot metal with the concentration was also treated. The ratio of activity to concentration of total ferrous oxides is constant and equal to 0.0179. The activity coefficients of oxygen and carbon in steel are 0.810 and 1.0704, respectively. The oxides capacity of the slag increases with increasing carbon concentration in the bath and with increasing DRI proportion in the charge.","PeriodicalId":22390,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies (TIMS)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73108900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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