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Extraosseous chondrosarcomas are uncommon in the dog, and those originating in the lung are rare. This report presents a 9-year-old Beagle dog with a pulmonary mass which caused depression, fever, tachypnea, cough, and laboratory abnormalities. The mass was composed predominantly of chondroid tissue, and was histologically diagnosed as chondrosarcoma.

Hemostatic profiles were evaluated in 15 healthy dogs immediately before and 24 hours after celiotomy for routine ovariohysterectomy. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation products, antithrombin III activity, platelet count, and hemogram were measured. There were no significant changes in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrin degradation products, antithrombin III activity, or platelet count. Fibrinogen concentration was significantly higher following surgery. Postoperative leukocyte differential counts were typical of stress leukograms, and were characterized by leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia. Mild decreases in packed cell volume, red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration were consistent with minor blood loss during surgery or fluid retention and hemodilution postoperatively. It was concluded that celiotomy and routine ovariohysterectomy in healthy dogs did not alter hemostatic profiles 24 hours after surgery. Abnormal postoperative hemostatic profiles should not be attributed to surgery alone; other causes of abnormal hemostatic profiles should be investigated.

A 5-year-old Appaloosa gelding was presented with a history of intermittent multiple joint swelling, weight loss, and anemia. Physical examination and clinical pathology revealed a grade IV/VI holodiastolic murmur, louder on the left, and a marked hyperproteinemia. Echocardiography of the heart demonstrated a large vegetative lesion on one of the aortic valve cusps. Blood cultures did not elucidate the causative organism, and the disease was refractory to empiric antibiotic therapy. The horse was euthanized after approximately 2 months of therapy.

A 13-month-old Angus steer was examined with a 6-week history of lethargy, malaise and dribbling urine. Laboratory exam revealed crystalluria and poor renal function. Ultrasound revealed hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Euthanasia was chosen because of a poor prognosis for economic recovery. Necropsy demonstrated numerous calculi causing partial urethral obstruction approximately 25 cm from the end of the penis. Secondary renal changes were confirmed. Urolithiasis occurs commonly in ruminants. Secondary obstruction is usually complete with severe consequences. This is the first report of chronic partial obstructive urolithiasis resulting in endstage renal disease.

An adult Holstein cow was inadvertently administered an overdose of xylazine hydrochloride. The cow became weak, collapsed, and developed severe bradycardia and intermittent heart block. Initial therapy for cardiovascular collapse consisted of rapid infusion of large volumes of intravenous fluids and intravenous injection of atropine sulfate. Yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist, and tolazoline hydrochloride, an alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist, were administered intravenously as antidotes for xylazine overdose. The cow recovered but calved prematurely 4 days later.

A complete search of the literature concerning Lyme borreliosis as it relates to horses and cattle was done. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunological response to the disease, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. A review of clinical cases in horses and cattle is presented. Clinical signs of Lyme borreliosis in horses include: chronic weight loss, sporadic lameness, laminitis, low grade fever, swollen joints, muscle tenderness, and anterior uveitis. In addition to those clinical signs, neurological signs such as depression, behavioral changes, dysphagia, head tilt and encephalitis can be seen in chronic cases. Borreliosis occurs in cattle, usually as a herd problem. In acute Lyme borreliosis, cattle often will show a fever, stiffness, swollen joints, and decreased milk production. Chronic weight loss, laminitis and abortion are also possible outcomes of borreliosis in cattle. Diagnosis of clinical Lyme borreliosis is difficult and depends upon recognition of clinical signs, a history of possible exposure, and identification of the spirochete in the affected animal. Since the spirochete is very difficult to culture, confirmation of B. burgdorferi infection often relies on serologic testing. Subclinical seropositive animals do occur, thus confusing the diagnosis. An approach to treatment of cattle and horses with Lyme borreliosis is outlined.

Four procedures were compared for isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from swabbing solutions of teat skin and milking unit liners from commercial dairies. In 2 procedures, 0.1 ml of swabbing solutions were added to either 5 ml Vogel-Johnson or Baird Parker broth media and enriched at 37 degrees C, 4 h. Following enrichment, 0.1 ml culture was transferred to modified Baird-Parker agar and incubated at 37 degrees C, 48 h. In the other 2 procedures, 0.1 ml of swabbing solution was directly placed on either blood or modified Baird-Parker agar plates and incubated at 37 degrees C 48 h. Combining results from all methods, Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 72 of 913 (7.9%) skin samples, and 34 of 268 liners (12.6%). On average, 43.1% (31/72) of the S. aureus isolates were found by the enrichment in liquid Vogel-Johnson procedure. The average isolation percentage for other methods ranged from 19.4% to 25.0%. Isolation of S. aureus from milking unit liner or teat skin swabbing solutions was approximately twice as likely after enrichment in Vogel-Johnson liquid media as opposed to other methods of isolation. This indicates that enrichment in Vogel-Johnson liquid media improved recovery of S. aureus from swabbing solutions.

A retrospective study was carried out to identify factors which predisposed Thoroughbred horses to severe injuries, as compared to less severe injuries, while racing on New York Racing Association (NYRA) tracks during the period of January 1986 to June 1988. A severe injury was defined as an injury which led to humane destruction of the horse. A less severe injury was defined as a horse which didn't race within 6 months following a muscular, ligament, tendon, or skeletal injury on the racetrack. The data were obtained from the Horse Identification Department records kept by the Chief Examining Veterinarian of NYRA and included 55 severely injured horses and 245 less severely injured horses. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the risk of severe injuries compared to less severe injuries in those horses. There was a significant association between track and the risk of severe injury (horses raced on Belmont and Saratoga were more likely to develop a severe injury compared to horses raced on Aqueduct Main). The track surface was also associated with the risk of severe injury (horses raced on a firm turf had a significantly lower risk of severe injury associated with the track was significantly modified by the track condition (horses raced at Belmont when it was muddy had a significantly increased risk compared to Aqueduct dirt). Horses were more likely to experience severe injury in the early part of the race (less than or equal to 6 furlongs) than the latter part of the race (greater than 6 furlongs). The risk of severe injury decreased with the age of the horse.