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[II. The present state of infection and anti-infective agents as observed in the national license examination for pharmacists 2014]. [II。2014年全国药师执业资格考试中感染药物和抗感染药物的使用现状[j]。
Pub Date : 2015-04-01
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引用次数: 0
[Susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibacterial agents (2010)]. [下呼吸道传染病患者分离细菌对抗菌药物的敏感性[2010]]。
Pub Date : 2015-04-01
Hajime Goto, Mitsuhiro Iwasaki

From October 2010 to September 2011, we collected the specimen from 361 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 16 institutions in Japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. All of 399 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, were examined. The isolated bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus 70, Streptococcus pneumoniae 65, Haemophilus influenzae 72, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid) 47, P. aeruginosa (mucoid) 14, Klebsiella pneumoniae 30, and Moraxella catarrhalis 39. Of 70 S. aureus strains, those with 2 μg/mL or less of MIC of oxacillin (methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: MSSA) and those with 4 μg/mL or more of MIC of oxacillin (methicillin-resistant S. aureus: MRSA) were 45 (64.3%) and 25 (35.7%) strains, respectively. Against MSSA, imipenem had the most potent antibacterial activity and inhibited the growth of all strains at 0.063 μg/mL or less. Against MRSA, vancomycin and arbekacin showed the potent activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 2 μg/mL. Linezolid also showed the great activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 2 μg/mL. Carbapenems and penems showed the most potent activities against S. pneumoniae and panipenem inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.125 μg/mL. Imipenem and faropenem also had a preferable activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.5 and 1 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, there were high-resistant strains (MIC: > 128 μg/mL) for erythromycin (44.6%) and clindamycin (24.6%). Against H. influenzae, levofloxacin showed the most potent activity and its MIC90 was 0.063 μg/mL or less. Meropenem showed the most potent activity against P. aeruginosa (mucoid) and its MIC90 was 0.5 μg/mL. Against the non-mucoid type of P. aeruginosa, tobramycin had the most potent activity and its MIC90 was 2 μg/mL. Against K. pneumoniae, cefozopran had the most potent activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.063 μg/mL or less. All the antibacterial agents except ampicillin generally showed a potent activity against M. catarrhalis and the MIC90 of them were 2 μg/mL or less. The majority number (54.8%) of the patients with respiratory infection was aged 70 years or older. Bacterial pneumonia and chronic bronchitis accounted for 58.7% and 24.4% of all the respiratory infection, respectively. The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients with bacterial pneumonia were S. aureus (20.6%), S. pneumoniae (18.0%), H. influenzae (13.6%), and P. aeruginosa (13.6%). S. aureus (17.2%), H. influenzae (20.2%), and P. aeruginosa (17.2%) also were frequently isolated from the patients with chronic bronchitis. The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients were S. pneumoniae (20.0%) and H. influenzae (20.0%) before administration of the antibacterial agents. The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients previ

2010年10月至2011年9月,我们采集日本16家机构361例下呼吸道感染患者标本,调查分离菌对各种抗菌药物的敏感性及患者特点。对从标本(主要来自痰液)中分离出的399株推定为引起感染的细菌进行检查。分离细菌有:金黄色葡萄球菌70株、肺炎链球菌65株、流感嗜血杆菌72株、铜绿假单胞菌(非粘液样)47株、铜绿假单胞菌(粘液样)14株、肺炎克雷伯菌30株、卡他莫拉菌39株。70株金黄色葡萄球菌中,莫西林MIC≤2 μg/mL(甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌:MSSA)和莫西林MIC≥4 μg/mL(甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌:MRSA)的分别为45株(64.3%)和25株(35.7%)。亚胺培南对MSSA的抑菌活性最强,在0.063 μg/mL以下抑制了所有菌株的生长。万古霉素和阿贝卡星在2 μg/mL浓度下对MRSA均有较强的抑制作用。利奈唑胺在2 μg/mL浓度下对所有菌株的生长均有抑制作用。碳青霉烯类和培尼培南对肺炎链球菌的抑制作用最强,帕尼培南在0.125 μg/mL浓度下对所有菌株均有抑制作用。亚胺培南和法罗培南在0.5和1 μg/mL浓度下均具有较好的抑菌活性。红霉素(44.6%)和克林霉素(24.6%)均有高耐药菌株(MIC > 128 μg/mL)。左氧氟沙星对流感嗜血杆菌的抑制作用最强,其MIC90≤0.063 μg/mL。美罗培南对铜绿假单胞菌(P. aeruginosa)的抑菌活性最强,其MIC90为0.5 μg/mL。妥布霉素对非黏液型铜绿假单胞菌的抑制作用最强,其MIC90为2 μg/mL。头孢唑普兰对肺炎克雷伯菌的抑菌活性最强,在0.063 μg/mL以下抑制了所有菌株的生长。除氨苄西林外,其余抗菌药物对卡他氏分枝杆菌均有较强的抗菌活性,MIC90均在2 μg/mL以下。呼吸道感染患者以70岁及以上年龄组居多(54.8%)。细菌性肺炎和慢性支气管炎分别占所有呼吸道感染的58.7%和24.4%。从细菌性肺炎患者中分离出的常见细菌为金黄色葡萄球菌(20.6%)、肺炎葡萄球菌(18.0%)、流感嗜血杆菌(13.6%)和铜绿假单胞菌(13.6%)。在慢性支气管炎患者中也经常分离到金黄色葡萄球菌(17.2%)、流感嗜血杆菌(20.2%)和铜绿假单胞菌(17.2%)。在使用抗菌药物前,从患者体内分离出的常见细菌为肺炎链球菌(20.0%)和流感嗜血杆菌(20.0%)。从既往脑水肿患者中分离出的常见细菌为金黄色葡萄球菌和流感嗜血杆菌,分离率分别为25.0%和20.0%。大环内酯类药物患者中分离频率最高的细菌为铜绿假单胞菌(P. aeruginosa)和流感嗜血杆菌(H. influenzae),分别为25.9%和22.2%。
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引用次数: 0
[Reports of JARA]. [JARA报告]。
Pub Date : 2015-04-01
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and molecular characterization of CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from 2000 to 2010 in Japan. 2000 - 2010年日本产β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌CTX-M广谱谱流行及分子特征
Pub Date : 2015-04-01
Takafumi Hara, Takafumi Sato, Tsukasa Horiyama, Sachi Kanazawa, Takahiro Yamaguchi, Hideki Maki

The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) in Enterobacteriaceae has been increasing worldwide. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of ESBLs among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli obtained from 2000 to 2010 in Japan, and to characterize the sequence type (ST) and antimicrobial susceptibility of the bla(CTX-M)-carrying strains. The genes for β-lactamases were determined by conventional PCR and sequencing, and the antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the broth microdilution method. Among the 948 strains, 35 were judged as ESBL-positive strains. The positive rates ranged from 0.6% to 3.9% until 2008, but surged to 10.3% in 2010. Thirty-three of them carried bla(CTX-M), but all were negative for ESBL-type bla(TEM) and bla(SHV). bla(CTX-M-14) was the most prevalent (18/33) among bla(CTX-M)-carrying strains, followed by bla(CTX-M-15) (7/33) of which five were isolated in 2008 and 2010. Additionally, bla(CTX-M-27) appeared in 2010 for the first time in this study and accounted for more than a third of the bla(CTX-M)-carrying strains. From the MLST analysis, ST131 known as a world pandemic clone, has been predominantly isolated since 2006. The major types of ESBLs carried by ST131 strains clearly shifted from bla(CTX-M-14) to bla(CTX-M-15) and/or bla(CTX-M-27) between 2006 and 2010. Most of these isolates were still susceptible to doripenem, latamoxef (moxalactam), flomoxef and cefmetazole. Our results suggest that a change of the dominant type of ESBL among Enterobacteriaceae is currently in progress in Japan, and therefore further periodic surveillance is needed.

宽谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)在肠杆菌科的流行率越来越高。本研究旨在了解2000 - 2010年日本临床分离的大肠埃希菌中ESBLs的流行情况,并对携带bla(CTX-M)的菌株进行序列型(ST)和药敏分析。采用常规PCR和测序法检测β-内酰胺酶基因,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验。948株血清esbl阳性35株。2008年之前,阳性率在0.6%至3.9%之间,但在2010年飙升至10.3%。其中33例携带bla(CTX-M),但esbl型bla(TEM)和bla(SHV)均为阴性。携带bla(CTX-M)的菌株中以bla(CTX-M-14)最多(18/33),其次是bla(CTX-M-15)(7/33),其中2008年和2010年分离到5株。此外,bla(CTX-M-27)于2010年首次在本研究中出现,占bla(CTX-M)携带菌株的三分之一以上。从MLST分析来看,自2006年以来,被称为世界大流行克隆的ST131主要被分离出来。2006 - 2010年,ST131株携带的ESBLs主要类型明显由bla(CTX-M-14)向bla(CTX-M-15)和/或bla(CTX-M-27)转变。大多数分离株对多利培南、拉他莫西(莫西坦)、氟莫西和头孢美唑仍敏感。我们的研究结果表明,目前在日本肠杆菌科中ESBL的优势类型正在发生变化,因此需要进一步的定期监测。
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引用次数: 0
[Susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibacterial agents (2011)]. [下呼吸道传染病患者分离细菌对抗菌药物的敏感性[2011]]。
Pub Date : 2015-04-01
Hajime Goto, Mitsuhiro Iwasaki

From October 2011 to September 2012, we collected the specimen from 316 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 16 institutions in Japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. All of 357 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, were examined. The isolated bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus 51, Streptococcus pneumoniae 73, Haemophilus influenzae 88, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid) 34, P. aeruginosa (mucoid) 9, Klebsiella pneumoniae 21, and Moraxella catarrhalis 33. Of 51 S. aureus strains, those with 2 μg/mL or less of MIC of oxacillin (methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: MSSA) and those with 4 μg/mL or more of MIC of oxacillin (methicillin-resistant S. aureus: MRSA) were 31 (60.8%) and 20 (39.2%) strains, respectively. Against MSSA, imipenem had the most potent antibacterial activity and inhibited the growth of all strains at 0.063 μg/mL or less. Against MRSA, vancomycin showed the potent activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 1 μg/mL. Linezolid also showed the great activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 2 μg/mL. Carbapenems and penems showed the most potent activities against S. pneumoniae and panipenem inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.125 μg/mL. Imipenem and faropenem also had a preferable activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.5 and 1 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, there were high-resistant strains (MIC: > 128 μg/mL) for erythromycin (53.4%) and clindamycin (3 5.6%). Against H. influenzae, levofloxacin showed the most potent activity and its MIC90 was 0.063 μg/mL or less. Ciprofloxacin showed the most potent activity against P. aeruginosa (mucoid) and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 2 μg/mL or less. Against the non-mucoid type of P. aeruginosa, tobramycin had the most potent activity and its MIC90 was 2 μg/mL. Against K. pneumoniae, imipenem had the most potent activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.125 μg/mL. All the antibacterial agents except ampicillin generally showed a potent activity against M catarrhalis and the MIC90 of them were 2 μg/mL or less. The majority number (52.9%) of the patients with respiratory infection was aged 70 years or older. Bacterial pneumonia and chronic bronchitis accounted for 59.2% and 19.3% of all the respiratory infection, respectively. The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients with bacterial pneumonia were S. aureus (17.8%), S. pneumoniae (21.6%), and H. influenzae (16.9%). H. influenzae (36.8%) and S. pneumoniae (22.1%) also were frequently isolated from the patients with chronic bronchitis. The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients were S. pneumoniae (23.2%) and H. influenzae (27.3%) before administration of the antibacterial agents. The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients previously treated with cephems we

2011年10月至2012年9月,我们采集日本16家机构316例下呼吸道感染患者标本,调查分离菌对各种抗菌药物的敏感性及患者特点。对从标本(主要来自痰液)中分离出的357株推定为引起感染的细菌进行检查。分离出的细菌有:金黄色葡萄球菌51株、肺炎链球菌73株、流感嗜血杆菌88株、铜绿假单胞菌(非粘液样)34株、铜绿假单胞菌(粘液样)9株、肺炎克雷伯菌21株、卡他莫拉菌33株。51株金黄色葡萄球菌中,莫西林MIC≤2 μg/mL的(甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌:MSSA)和莫西林MIC≥4 μg/mL的(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌:MRSA)分别为31株(60.8%)和20株(39.2%)。亚胺培南对MSSA的抑菌活性最强,在0.063 μg/mL以下抑制了所有菌株的生长。万古霉素在1 μg/mL浓度下对MRSA均有抑制作用。利奈唑胺在2 μg/mL浓度下对所有菌株的生长均有抑制作用。碳青霉烯类和培尼培南对肺炎链球菌的抑制作用最强,帕尼培南在0.125 μg/mL浓度下对所有菌株均有抑制作用。亚胺培南和法罗培南在0.5和1 μg/mL浓度下均具有较好的抑菌活性。红霉素(53.4%)和克林霉素(35.6%)存在高耐药菌株(MIC > 128 μg/mL)。左氧氟沙星对流感嗜血杆菌的抑制作用最强,其MIC90≤0.063 μg/mL。环丙沙星对铜绿假单胞菌(黏液)的抑制作用最强,在2 μg/mL以下时对所有菌株均有抑制作用。妥布霉素对非黏液型铜绿假单胞菌的抑制作用最强,其MIC90为2 μg/mL。在0.125 μg/mL浓度下,亚胺培南对肺炎克雷伯菌的抑制作用最强。除氨苄西林外,其余抗菌药物对卡他菌均有较强的抗菌活性,MIC90均在2 μg/mL以下。呼吸道感染患者以70岁及以上的老年人居多(52.9%)。细菌性肺炎和慢性支气管炎分别占所有呼吸道感染的59.2%和19.3%。从细菌性肺炎患者中分离出的常见细菌为金黄色葡萄球菌(17.8%)、肺炎葡萄球菌(21.6%)和流感嗜血杆菌(16.9%)。在慢性支气管炎患者中也经常分离到流感嗜血杆菌(36.8%)和肺炎链球菌(22.1%)。使用抗菌药物前,从患者体内分离出的常见细菌为肺炎链球菌(23.2%)和流感嗜血杆菌(27.3%)。从既往脑水肿患者中分离出的常见细菌为流感嗜血杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌,分离频率分别为38.5%和23.1%。曾使用大环内酯类药物的患者中检出最多的细菌是流感嗜血杆菌,检出率为30.0%。
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引用次数: 0
[Effective use of heterologous hosts for characterization of biosynthetic enzymes allows production of natural products and promotes new natural product discovery]. [有效地利用异源宿主来表征生物合成酶,可以生产天然产物并促进新的天然产物的发现]。
Pub Date : 2015-02-01
Kenji Watanabe
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引用次数: 0
[Susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibacterial agents (2008)]. [下呼吸道传染病患者分离细菌对抗菌药物的敏感性[2008]]。
Pub Date : 2015-02-01
Hajime Goto, Mitsuhiro Iwasaki

From October 2008 to September 2009, we collected the specimen from 374 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 15 institutions in Japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. Of 423 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, 421 strains were examined. The isolated bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus 78, Streptococcus pneumoniae 78, Haemophilus influenzae 89, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid) 61, P. aeruginosa (mucoid) 19, Klebsiella pneumoniae 28, and Moraxella catarrhalis 32. Of 78 S. aureus strains, those with 2 μg/mL or less of MIC of oxacillin (methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: MSSA) and those with 4 μg/mL or more of MIC of oxacillin (methicillin-resistant S. aureus: MRSA) were 34 (43.6%) and 44 (56.4%) strains, respectively. Against MSSA, imipenem had the most potent antibacterial activity and inhibited the growth of all strains at 0.063 μg/mL or less. Against MRSA vancomycin and arbekacin showed the potent activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 1 and 2 μg/mL, respectively. Linezolid also showed the great activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 1 μg/mL. Carbapenems and penems showed the most potent activities against S. pneumoniae and panipenem inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.125 μg/mL. Imipenem and faropenem also had a preferable activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.25 and 1 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, there were high-resistant strains (MIC: > 128 μg/mL) for erythromycin (43.6%) and clindamycin (19.2%). Against H. influenzae, levofloxacin showed the most potent activity and its MIC90 was 0.063 μg/mL or less. Tobramycin showed the most potent activity against P. aeruginosa (mucoid) and its MIC90 was 2 μg/mL. Against the non-mucoid type of P. aeruginosa, tobramycin and ciprofloxacin had the most potent activity and its MIC90 was 2 μg/mL. Against K. pneumoniae, cefozopran had the most potent activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.063 μg/mL or less. All the antibacterial agents except ampicillin generally showed a potent activity against M. catarrhalis and the MIC90 of them were 2 μg/mL or less. The majority number (57.7%) of the patients with respiratory infection were aged 70 years or older. Bacterial pneumonia and chronic bronchitis accounted for 40.9% and 32.9% of all the respiratory infection, respectively. The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients with bacterial pneumonia were S. aureus (20.5%), S. pneumoniae (21.1%), and H. influenzae (22.8%). S. aureus (21.7%) and P. aeruginosa (24.6%) also were frequently isolated from the patients with chronic bronchitis. The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients were S. pneumoniae (23.4%) and H. influenzae (25.1%) before administration of the antibacterial agents. The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients previo

2008年10月至2009年9月,我们采集日本15家机构374例下呼吸道感染患者标本,调查分离菌对各种抗菌药物的敏感性及患者特点。从标本(主要来自痰液)中分离出423株推定为引起感染的细菌,其中421株进行了检查。分离出的细菌有:金黄色葡萄球菌78株、肺炎链球菌78株、流感嗜血杆菌89株、铜绿假单胞菌(非粘液样)61株、铜绿假单胞菌(粘液样)19株、肺炎克雷伯菌28株、卡他莫拉菌32株。78株金黄色葡萄球菌中,莫西林MIC≤2 μg/mL的(甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌:MSSA)和莫西林MIC≥4 μg/mL的(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌:MRSA)分别为34株(43.6%)和44株(56.4%)。亚胺培南对MSSA的抑菌活性最强,在0.063 μg/mL以下抑制了所有菌株的生长。万古霉素和阿贝卡星在1 μg/mL和2 μg/mL浓度下对MRSA均有抑制作用。利奈唑胺在1 μg/mL浓度下对所有菌株的生长均有抑制作用。碳青霉烯类和培尼培南对肺炎链球菌的抑制作用最强,帕尼培南在0.125 μg/mL浓度下对所有菌株均有抑制作用。亚胺培南和法罗培南在0.25 μg/mL和1 μg/mL浓度下均具有较好的抑菌活性。红霉素和克林霉素的高耐药菌株(MIC > 128 μg/mL)分别占43.6%和19.2%。左氧氟沙星对流感嗜血杆菌的抑制作用最强,其MIC90≤0.063 μg/mL。妥布霉素对铜绿假单胞菌(黏液)的抑制作用最强,其MIC90为2 μg/mL。对非黏液型铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌活性以妥布霉素和环丙沙星最强,其MIC90为2 μg/mL。头孢唑普兰对肺炎克雷伯菌的抑菌活性最强,在0.063 μg/mL以下抑制了所有菌株的生长。除氨苄西林外,其余抗菌药物对卡他氏分枝杆菌均有较强的抗菌活性,MIC90均在2 μg/mL以下。呼吸道感染患者以70岁及以上的老年人居多(57.7%)。细菌性肺炎和慢性支气管炎分别占全部呼吸道感染的40.9%和32.9%。从细菌性肺炎患者中分离出的常见细菌为金黄色葡萄球菌(20.5%)、肺炎葡萄球菌(21.1%)和流感嗜血杆菌(22.8%)。在慢性支气管炎患者中也经常分离到金黄色葡萄球菌(21.7%)和铜绿假单胞菌(24.6%)。使用抗菌药物前,从患者体内分离出的常见细菌为肺炎链球菌(23.4%)和流感嗜血杆菌(25.1%)。既往用头孢菌素和大环内酯类药物治疗的患者中分离频率最高的细菌为铜绿假单胞菌,分离频率分别为41.4%和40.0%。
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引用次数: 0
[Susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibacterial agents (2007)]. [下呼吸道传染病患者分离细菌对抗菌药物的敏感性[2007]。
Pub Date : 2015-02-01
Hajime Goto, Mitsuhiro Iwasaki

From October 2007 to September 2008, we collected the specimen from 362 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 14 institutions in Japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. Of 413 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, 412 strains were examined. The isolated bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus 65, Streptococcus pneumoniae 90, Haemophilus influenzae 88, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid) 53, P. aeruginosa (mucoid) 13, Klebsiella pneumoniae 19, and Moraxella catarrhalis 41. Of 65 S. aureus strains, those with 2 μg/mL or less of MIC of oxacillin (methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: MSSA) and those with 4 μg/mL or more of MIC of oxacillin (methicillin-resistant S. aureus: MRSA) were 38 (58.5%) and 27 (41.5%) strains, respectively. Against MSSA, imipenem had the most potent antibacterial activity and inhibited the growth of all strains at 0.063 μg/mL or less. Against MRSA, vancomycin and arbekacin showed the most potent activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 2 μg/mL. Linezolid also showed the same activity as them. Carbapenems and penems showed the most potent activities against S. pneumoniae and in particular, panipenem inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.063 μg/mL or less. Imipenem and faropenem also had a preferable activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.25 and 1 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, there were high-resistant strains (MIC: over 128 μg/mL) for erythromycin (38.2%) and clindamycin (18.0%). Against H. influenzae, levofloxacin showed the most potent activity and its MIC90 was 0.063 μg/mL or less. Meropenem showed the most potent activity against P. aeruginosa (mucoid) and its MIC90 was 0.5 μg/mL. Against P. aeruginosa (non-mucoid), tobramycin had the most potent activity and its MIC90 was 2 μg/mL. Against K. pneumoniae, cefozopran had the most potent activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.063 μg/mL or less. Also, all the antibacterial agents except ampicillin generally showed a potent activity against M. catarrhalis and the MIC90 of them were 2 μg/mL or less. The approximately half the number (45.9%) of the patients with respiratory infection were aged 70 years or older. Bacterial pneumonia and chronic bronchitis accounted for 44.8% and 31.5% of all the respiratory infection, respectively. The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients with bacterial pneumonia were S. aureus (21.9%), S. pneumoniae (20.8%), and H. influenzae (18.6%). S. pneumoniae (27.1%), H. influenzae (24.0%) and P. aeruginosa (17.8%) also were frequently isolated from the patients with chronic bronchitis. Before the drug administration, the bacteria frequently isolated from the patients were S. pneumoniae (23.9%) and H. influenzae (23.6%). The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients treated with macrolides were S. pneumoni

2007年10月至2008年9月,我们采集了日本14家机构362例下呼吸道感染患者的标本,调查了分离菌对各种抗菌药物的敏感性及患者特点。从标本(主要来自痰液)中分离出413株推定为引起感染的细菌,其中412株进行了检查。分离细菌有:金黄色葡萄球菌65株,肺炎链球菌90株,流感嗜血杆菌88株,铜绿假单胞菌(非黏液样)53株,铜绿假单胞菌(黏液样)13株,肺炎克雷伯菌19株,卡他莫拉菌41株。65株金黄色葡萄球菌中,莫西林MIC≤2 μg/mL(甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌:MSSA)和莫西林MIC≥4 μg/mL(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌:MRSA)的分别为38株(58.5%)和27株(41.5%)。亚胺培南对MSSA的抑菌活性最强,在0.063 μg/mL以下抑制了所有菌株的生长。在2 μg/mL浓度下,万古霉素和阿贝卡星对MRSA的抑制作用最强。利奈唑胺也显示出与它们相同的活性。碳青霉烯类和培烯类抗菌药物对肺炎链球菌的抑制作用最强,其中帕尼培南抗菌药物在0.063 μg/mL及以下均能抑制肺炎链球菌的生长。亚胺培南和法罗培南在0.25 μg/mL和1 μg/mL浓度下均具有较好的抑菌活性。红霉素(38.2%)和克林霉素(18.0%)存在高耐药菌株(MIC > 128 μg/mL)。左氧氟沙星对流感嗜血杆菌的抑制作用最强,其MIC90≤0.063 μg/mL。美罗培南对铜绿假单胞菌(P. aeruginosa)的抑菌活性最强,其MIC90为0.5 μg/mL。妥布霉素对铜绿假单胞菌(P. aeruginosa,非黏液样)的抑菌活性最强,其MIC90为2 μg/mL。头孢唑普兰对肺炎克雷伯菌的抑菌活性最强,在0.063 μg/mL以下抑制了所有菌株的生长。除氨苄西林外,其余抗菌药物对卡塔林分枝杆菌均有较强的抗菌活性,MIC90均在2 μg/mL以下。大约一半(45.9%)的呼吸道感染患者年龄在70岁及以上。细菌性肺炎和慢性支气管炎分别占所有呼吸道感染的44.8%和31.5%。从细菌性肺炎患者中分离出的常见细菌为金黄色葡萄球菌(21.9%)、肺炎葡萄球菌(20.8%)和流感嗜血杆菌(18.6%)。肺炎链球菌(27.1%)、流感嗜血杆菌(24.0%)和铜绿假单胞菌(17.8%)也常见于慢性支气管炎患者。给药前,从患者身上分离出的常见细菌为肺炎链球菌(23.9%)和流感嗜血杆菌(23.6%)。大环内酯类药物患者中分离出最多的细菌是肺炎链球菌,分离率为34.8%。
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引用次数: 0
[Susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibacterial agents (2009)]. [下呼吸道传染病患者分离细菌对抗菌药物的敏感性研究[j]。
Pub Date : 2015-02-01
Hajime Goto, Shigeru Kumagai

From October 2009 to September 2010, we collected the specimen from 432 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 16 institutions in Japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. All of 479 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, were examined. The isolated bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus 90, Streptococcus pneumoniae 74, Haemophilus influenzae 82, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid) 60, P. aeruginosa (mucoid) 31, Klebsiella pneumoniae 41, and Moraxella catarrhalis 34. Of 90 S. aureus strains, those with 2 μg/mL or less of MIC of oxacillin (methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: MSSA) and those with 4 μg/mL or more of MIC of oxacillin (methicillin-resistant S. aureus: MRSA) were 43 (47.8%) and 47 (52.2%) strains, respectively. Against MSSA, imipenem had the most potent antibacterial activity and inhibited the growth of all strains at 0.063 μg/mL or less. Against MRSA, vancomycin and arbekacin showed the potent activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 2 and 4 μg/mL, respectively. Linezolid also showed the great activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 2 μg/mL. Carbapenems and penems showed the most potent activities against S. pneumoniae and panipenem inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.125 μg/mL. Imipenem and faropenem also had a preferable activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, there were high-resistant strains (MIC: > 128 μg/mL) for erythromycin (51.4%) and clindamycin (35.1%). Against H. influenzae, levofloxacin showed the most potent activity and its MIC90 was 0.063 μg/mL or less. Meropenem showed the most potent activity against P. aeruginosa (mucoid) and its MIC90 was 1 μg/mL. Against the non-mucoid type of P. aeruginosa, tobramycin had the most potent activity and its MIC90 was 2 μg/mL. Against K. pneumoniae, cefozopran had the most potent activity and inhibited the growth of all the strains at 0.125 μg/mL or less. All the antibacterial agents except ampicillin generally showed a potent activity against M. catarrhalis and the MIC90 of them were 2 μg/mL or less. The majority number (60.0%) of the patients with respiratory infection was aged 70 years or older. Bacterial pneumonia and chronic bronchitis accounted for 48.8% and 31.7% of all the respiratory infection, respectively. The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients with bacterial pneumonia were S. aureus (21.5%), S. pneumoniae (20.2%), and H. influenzae (16.7%). S. aureus (21.9%) and P. aeruginosa (20.0%) also were frequently isolated from the patients with chronic bronchitis. The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients were S. pneumoniae (21.5%) and H. influenzae (20.5%) before administration of the antibacterial agents. The bacteria frequently isolated from the patients previously treated with cephems

2009年10月至2010年9月,我们采集了日本16家机构432例下呼吸道感染患者标本,调查了分离菌对各种抗菌药物的敏感性及患者特点。对从标本(主要来自痰液)中分离出的479株推定为引起感染的细菌进行检查。分离出的细菌有:金黄色葡萄球菌90株、肺炎链球菌74株、流感嗜血杆菌82株、铜绿假单胞菌(非粘液样)60株、铜绿假单胞菌(粘液样)31株、肺炎克雷伯菌41株、卡他莫拉菌34株。90株金黄色葡萄球菌中,莫西林MIC≤2 μg/mL的(甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌:MSSA)和莫西林MIC≥4 μg/mL的(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌:MRSA)分别为43株(47.8%)和47株(52.2%)。亚胺培南对MSSA的抑菌活性最强,在0.063 μg/mL以下抑制了所有菌株的生长。万古霉素和阿贝卡星在2 μg/mL和4 μg/mL浓度下对MRSA均有较强的抑制作用。利奈唑胺在2 μg/mL浓度下对所有菌株的生长均有抑制作用。碳青霉烯类和培尼培南对肺炎链球菌的抑制作用最强,帕尼培南在0.125 μg/mL浓度下对所有菌株均有抑制作用。亚胺培南和法罗培南在0.25和0.5 μg/mL浓度下均具有较好的抑菌活性。红霉素(51.4%)和克林霉素(35.1%)存在高耐药菌株(MIC > 128 μg/mL)。左氧氟沙星对流感嗜血杆菌的抑制作用最强,其MIC90≤0.063 μg/mL。美罗培南对铜绿假单胞菌(P. aeruginosa)的抑菌活性最强,其MIC90为1 μg/mL。妥布霉素对非黏液型铜绿假单胞菌的抑制作用最强,其MIC90为2 μg/mL。头孢唑普兰对肺炎克雷伯菌的抑菌活性最强,在0.125 μg/mL以下抑制了所有菌株的生长。除氨苄西林外,其余抗菌药物对卡他氏分枝杆菌均有较强的抗菌活性,MIC90均在2 μg/mL以下。呼吸道感染患者以70岁及以上年龄者居多(60.0%)。细菌性肺炎和慢性支气管炎分别占所有呼吸道感染的48.8%和31.7%。从细菌性肺炎患者中分离出的常见细菌为金黄色葡萄球菌(21.5%)、肺炎链球菌(20.2%)和流感嗜血杆菌(16.7%)。慢性支气管炎患者中也常检出金黄色葡萄球菌(21.9%)和铜绿假单胞菌(20.0%)。使用抗菌药物前,从患者体内分离出的常见细菌为肺炎链球菌(21.5%)和流感嗜血杆菌(20.5%)。既往用头孢菌素和大环内酯类药物治疗的患者中分离频率最高的细菌为铜绿假单胞菌,分离频率分别为28.6%和47.2%。
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引用次数: 0
[Bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents - Special references to bacteria isolated between April 2011 and March 2012]. [手术感染中分离的细菌及其对抗菌药物的敏感性-特别参考2011年4月至2012年3月分离的细菌]。
Pub Date : 2014-12-01
Nagao Shinagawa, Masaaki Taniguchi, Koichi Hirata, Tomohisa Furuhata, Tohru Mizuguchi, Hiroyuki Osanai, Yoshiyuki Yanai, Fumitake Hata, Chikasi Kihara, Kazuaki Sasaki, Keisuke Oono, Masashi Nakamura, Hitoshi Shibuya, Itaru Hasegawa, Masami Kimura, Kosho Watabe, Tsuyoshi Hoshikawa, Hideki Oshima, Naoki Aikawa, Junichi Sasaki, Masaru Suzuki, Kazuhiko Sekine, Shinya Abe, Hiromitsu Takeyama, Takehiro Wakasugi, Keiji Mashita, Moritsugu Tanaka, Akira Mizuno, Masakazu Ishikawa, Akihiko Iwai, Takaaki Saito, Masayuki Muramoto, Shoji Kubo, Shigeru Lee, Kenichiro Fukuhara, Yasuhito Kobayashi, Hiroki Yamaue, Seiko Hirono, Yoshio Takesue, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Susumu Shinoura, Hideyuki Kimura, Hiromi Iwagaki, Naoyuki Tokunaga, Taijiro Sueda, Eiso Hiyama, Yoshiaki Murakami, Hiroki Ohge, Kenichiro Uemura, Hiroaki Tsumura, Tetsuya Kanehiro, Hitoshi Takeuchi, Kouji Tanakaya, Mitsuhiro Iwasaki

Bacteria isolated from surgical infections during the period from April 2011 to March 2012 were investigated in a multicenter study in Japan, and the following results were obtained. In this series, 785 strains including 31 strains of Candida spp. were isolated from 204 (78.8%) of 259 patients with surgical infections. Five hundred and twenty three strains were isolated from primary infections, and 231 strains were isolated from surgical site infection. From primary infections, anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria were predominant, followed by aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, while from surgical site infection aerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant, followed by anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria. Among aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Enterococcus spp. was highest, followed by Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp., in this order, from primary infections, while Enterococcus spp. was highest, followed by Staphylococcus spp. from surgical site infection. Among aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most predominantly isolated from primary infections, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae, in this order, and from surgical site infection, E. coli was most predominantly isolated, followed by P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. cloacae. Among anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Eggerthella lenta was the highest from primary infections, followed by Parvimonas micra, Collinsella aerofaciens, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Finegoldia magna, and from surgical site infection, E. lenta was most predominantly isolated, followed by P micra and L. acidophilus, in this order. Among anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, the isolation rate of Bacteroidesfragilis was the highest from primary infections, followed by Bilophila wadsworthia, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides vulgatus, and from surgical site infection, B. fragilis was most predominantly isolated, followed by Bacteroides caccae, B. thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides ovatus and B. wadsworthia, in this order. In this series, vancomycin-resistant MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. and multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa were not observed. We should carefully follow up B. wadsworthia which was resistant to various antimicrobial agents, and also Bacteroides spp. which was resistant to many β-lactams.

对2011年4月至2012年3月在日本进行的一项多中心研究中手术感染分离的细菌进行了调查,得到以下结果:从259例手术感染患者204例(78.8%)中分离到念珠菌31株,共785株。原发感染分离到523株,手术部位感染分离到231株。原发性感染以革兰氏阴性厌氧菌为主,其次为需氧革兰氏阴性菌;手术部位感染以革兰氏阳性厌氧菌为主。在需氧革兰氏阳性菌中,肠球菌的分离率最高,其次是链球菌和葡萄球菌,而肠球菌的分离率最高,其次是手术部位感染的葡萄球菌。在需氧革兰氏阴性菌中,从原发性感染中分离到的大肠杆菌最多,其次是肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和阴沟肠杆菌,从手术部位感染中分离到的大肠杆菌最多,其次是铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和阴沟肠杆菌。在革兰氏阳性厌氧菌中,原发感染中,长绒蛋菌的分离率最高,其次是微细小单胞菌、气法大肠杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和大细粒芽胞菌;手术部位感染中,长绒蛋菌的分离率最高,其次是微绒芽胞菌和嗜酸乳杆菌。在革兰氏阴性厌氧菌中,原发感染中脆弱拟杆菌的分离率最高,其次是瓦氏杆菌、太氏拟杆菌、均匀拟杆菌和普通拟杆菌;手术部位感染中脆弱拟杆菌的分离率最高,其次是卡氏拟杆菌、太氏拟杆菌、卵形拟杆菌和瓦氏拟杆菌。本系列未发现耐万古霉素MRSA(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)、耐万古霉素肠球菌和多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌。对多种抗菌素耐药的wadsworthia和对多种β-内酰胺耐药的Bacteroides应密切关注。
{"title":"[Bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents - Special references to bacteria isolated between April 2011 and March 2012].","authors":"Nagao Shinagawa,&nbsp;Masaaki Taniguchi,&nbsp;Koichi Hirata,&nbsp;Tomohisa Furuhata,&nbsp;Tohru Mizuguchi,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Osanai,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Yanai,&nbsp;Fumitake Hata,&nbsp;Chikasi Kihara,&nbsp;Kazuaki Sasaki,&nbsp;Keisuke Oono,&nbsp;Masashi Nakamura,&nbsp;Hitoshi Shibuya,&nbsp;Itaru Hasegawa,&nbsp;Masami Kimura,&nbsp;Kosho Watabe,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Hoshikawa,&nbsp;Hideki Oshima,&nbsp;Naoki Aikawa,&nbsp;Junichi Sasaki,&nbsp;Masaru Suzuki,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Sekine,&nbsp;Shinya Abe,&nbsp;Hiromitsu Takeyama,&nbsp;Takehiro Wakasugi,&nbsp;Keiji Mashita,&nbsp;Moritsugu Tanaka,&nbsp;Akira Mizuno,&nbsp;Masakazu Ishikawa,&nbsp;Akihiko Iwai,&nbsp;Takaaki Saito,&nbsp;Masayuki Muramoto,&nbsp;Shoji Kubo,&nbsp;Shigeru Lee,&nbsp;Kenichiro Fukuhara,&nbsp;Yasuhito Kobayashi,&nbsp;Hiroki Yamaue,&nbsp;Seiko Hirono,&nbsp;Yoshio Takesue,&nbsp;Toshiyoshi Fujiwara,&nbsp;Susumu Shinoura,&nbsp;Hideyuki Kimura,&nbsp;Hiromi Iwagaki,&nbsp;Naoyuki Tokunaga,&nbsp;Taijiro Sueda,&nbsp;Eiso Hiyama,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Murakami,&nbsp;Hiroki Ohge,&nbsp;Kenichiro Uemura,&nbsp;Hiroaki Tsumura,&nbsp;Tetsuya Kanehiro,&nbsp;Hitoshi Takeuchi,&nbsp;Kouji Tanakaya,&nbsp;Mitsuhiro Iwasaki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteria isolated from surgical infections during the period from April 2011 to March 2012 were investigated in a multicenter study in Japan, and the following results were obtained. In this series, 785 strains including 31 strains of Candida spp. were isolated from 204 (78.8%) of 259 patients with surgical infections. Five hundred and twenty three strains were isolated from primary infections, and 231 strains were isolated from surgical site infection. From primary infections, anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria were predominant, followed by aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, while from surgical site infection aerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant, followed by anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria. Among aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Enterococcus spp. was highest, followed by Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp., in this order, from primary infections, while Enterococcus spp. was highest, followed by Staphylococcus spp. from surgical site infection. Among aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most predominantly isolated from primary infections, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae, in this order, and from surgical site infection, E. coli was most predominantly isolated, followed by P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. cloacae. Among anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Eggerthella lenta was the highest from primary infections, followed by Parvimonas micra, Collinsella aerofaciens, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Finegoldia magna, and from surgical site infection, E. lenta was most predominantly isolated, followed by P micra and L. acidophilus, in this order. Among anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, the isolation rate of Bacteroidesfragilis was the highest from primary infections, followed by Bilophila wadsworthia, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides vulgatus, and from surgical site infection, B. fragilis was most predominantly isolated, followed by Bacteroides caccae, B. thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides ovatus and B. wadsworthia, in this order. In this series, vancomycin-resistant MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. and multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa were not observed. We should carefully follow up B. wadsworthia which was resistant to various antimicrobial agents, and also Bacteroides spp. which was resistant to many β-lactams.</p>","PeriodicalId":22536,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese journal of antibiotics","volume":"67 6","pages":"339-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33150536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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The Japanese journal of antibiotics
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