Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.56781/ijsrr.2023.2.1.0015
Victor Ighariemu, Matthew Owhonda Wegwu, Lawrence Chijoke Chuku, Victor Olua, Oghenerukevwe Obadesagbo
This study investigated the level heavy metal and health risk associated with marine sediment impacted with oil spill from Santa Barbara River, Nembe. Chemical analysis assessments of the marine sediments were investigated for different heavy metals Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni) and Mercury (Hg) respectively using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentration of the marine sediment was found to be highest for Cr (24.03 ± 0.24), followed by Pb (1.53 ± 0.03) and Ni (3.93 ± 0.03) mg/kg respectively, while Hg was below detection limit. The result shows the heavy metals were below the recommended value stipulated by USEPA and RMENSR with exception of chromium which exceeded maximum permissible limit. This study recommended that there should be continuous monitoring of (Cr, Pb Ni and Hg) levels in sediments of Santa Barbara River to assess the risk of these metals in the river.
{"title":"Toxicological assessment of marine sediment in oil spilled impacted area of Nembe, Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Victor Ighariemu, Matthew Owhonda Wegwu, Lawrence Chijoke Chuku, Victor Olua, Oghenerukevwe Obadesagbo","doi":"10.56781/ijsrr.2023.2.1.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56781/ijsrr.2023.2.1.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the level heavy metal and health risk associated with marine sediment impacted with oil spill from Santa Barbara River, Nembe. Chemical analysis assessments of the marine sediments were investigated for different heavy metals Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni) and Mercury (Hg) respectively using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentration of the marine sediment was found to be highest for Cr (24.03 ± 0.24), followed by Pb (1.53 ± 0.03) and Ni (3.93 ± 0.03) mg/kg respectively, while Hg was below detection limit. The result shows the heavy metals were below the recommended value stipulated by USEPA and RMENSR with exception of chromium which exceeded maximum permissible limit. This study recommended that there should be continuous monitoring of (Cr, Pb Ni and Hg) levels in sediments of Santa Barbara River to assess the risk of these metals in the river.","PeriodicalId":225986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scholarly Research and Reviews","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133687073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: In hospitals, and especially in the Intensive Care Units (ICU), there are constant ethical issues and dilemmas that may concern the patient, the family and the health professionals. These issues increased and intensified during the Covid-19 pandemic, further complicating the work of health workers and affecting treatment processes. Aim: The purpose of this scoping review is to investigate and highlight the most important and common ethical issues and clinical dilemmas identified in ICUs and to investigate and clarify the role of nurses in managing such issues. Method: The electronic databases "Pubmed", "Scopus", "Google scholar" and others were searched, as well as books and other sources, utilizing mainly articles that mentioned and related to the existence of ethical issues and dilemmas in the ICU. The articles had to concern adult population only were limited to the period 2007–2022. Results: Ethical issues and dilemmas worldwide are mainly related to staff conflicts, disease diagnosis, level of knowledge, 'Burnout Syndrome’, the application of clinostatic restrictions to patients, their movement to and from the ICU, the length of hospital stay, the patient's final life stage, patient’s privacy, access to health services, staff and family cooperation, the refusal of intubation and hospitalization, and finally death within the ICU and related communication with the family. Conclusions: The ethical problems and dilemmas in the ICU are mainly related to the relationships and cooperation among patients, family and health professionals, and also the relationships in between the ICU staff. Early identification of these problems, education, information, cooperation and the development of action protocols, are considered necessary to resolve and clarify such issues and dilemmas.
{"title":"Moral issues and dilemmas in intensive care unit. The impact of pandemic: A scoping review","authors":"Georgios Tsagkanis, Alexandros Mihopoulos, Pantelis Perdikaris","doi":"10.56781/ijsrr.2022.1.2.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56781/ijsrr.2022.1.2.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In hospitals, and especially in the Intensive Care Units (ICU), there are constant ethical issues and dilemmas that may concern the patient, the family and the health professionals. These issues increased and intensified during the Covid-19 pandemic, further complicating the work of health workers and affecting treatment processes. Aim: The purpose of this scoping review is to investigate and highlight the most important and common ethical issues and clinical dilemmas identified in ICUs and to investigate and clarify the role of nurses in managing such issues. Method: The electronic databases \"Pubmed\", \"Scopus\", \"Google scholar\" and others were searched, as well as books and other sources, utilizing mainly articles that mentioned and related to the existence of ethical issues and dilemmas in the ICU. The articles had to concern adult population only were limited to the period 2007–2022. Results: Ethical issues and dilemmas worldwide are mainly related to staff conflicts, disease diagnosis, level of knowledge, 'Burnout Syndrome’, the application of clinostatic restrictions to patients, their movement to and from the ICU, the length of hospital stay, the patient's final life stage, patient’s privacy, access to health services, staff and family cooperation, the refusal of intubation and hospitalization, and finally death within the ICU and related communication with the family. Conclusions: The ethical problems and dilemmas in the ICU are mainly related to the relationships and cooperation among patients, family and health professionals, and also the relationships in between the ICU staff. Early identification of these problems, education, information, cooperation and the development of action protocols, are considered necessary to resolve and clarify such issues and dilemmas.","PeriodicalId":225986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scholarly Research and Reviews","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116518374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We reviewed the bone marrow examination (BME) studies performed in the last five-year period with the objective to find out the findings and ascertain the role of this procedure in the diagnosis at Al Adan hospital, this public teaching hospital of the state of Kuwait in Middle East. Samples were collected after history taking and clinical examination. Blood samples analyzed for CBC parameters along with biochemical and viral markers. Bone marrow aspiration samples were collected and stained with May Grunwald Giemsa stain, trephine biopsy processed and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin along with Perl’s stain for iron and Reticulin stain. All samples were analyzed and results pooled by the team of hematopathologists. We reviewed 264 cases for BME and found ages ranging from 07 months to 95 years and 170 males and 94 females were included in the study. The array of conditions included 53% of clonal haemopoietic disorders including leukemias, Myelo Proliferative Neoplasm (MPN) , Myelo Dysplastic Syndrome (MDS), & Plasma cell disorders. 3.5% aplastic anemias, while only 5.4 % with nutritional causes and 28.5% of cases having various reactive causes; Metastatic deposits were found in 1.5% and haemophagocytosis in 3.5% of the subjects. Results were in concordance with studies conducted from developed nations. Our study concludes that bone marrow examination is crucial in diagnosis to elucidate the various etiology of afflictions of bone marrow and helps in proper management in this Middle East country.
{"title":"Study of bone marrow aspirations -5 years review from a single center in Kuwait- An audit","authors":"Sunny Joseph Varghese, Hanan Jasim Alwazzan, Lamis Mohamed Tawfiq, Fady Ashraf Youssef","doi":"10.56781/ijsrr.2022.1.2.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56781/ijsrr.2022.1.2.0028","url":null,"abstract":"We reviewed the bone marrow examination (BME) studies performed in the last five-year period with the objective to find out the findings and ascertain the role of this procedure in the diagnosis at Al Adan hospital, this public teaching hospital of the state of Kuwait in Middle East. Samples were collected after history taking and clinical examination. Blood samples analyzed for CBC parameters along with biochemical and viral markers. Bone marrow aspiration samples were collected and stained with May Grunwald Giemsa stain, trephine biopsy processed and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin along with Perl’s stain for iron and Reticulin stain. All samples were analyzed and results pooled by the team of hematopathologists. We reviewed 264 cases for BME and found ages ranging from 07 months to 95 years and 170 males and 94 females were included in the study. The array of conditions included 53% of clonal haemopoietic disorders including leukemias, Myelo Proliferative Neoplasm (MPN) , Myelo Dysplastic Syndrome (MDS), & Plasma cell disorders. 3.5% aplastic anemias, while only 5.4 % with nutritional causes and 28.5% of cases having various reactive causes; Metastatic deposits were found in 1.5% and haemophagocytosis in 3.5% of the subjects. Results were in concordance with studies conducted from developed nations. Our study concludes that bone marrow examination is crucial in diagnosis to elucidate the various etiology of afflictions of bone marrow and helps in proper management in this Middle East country.","PeriodicalId":225986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scholarly Research and Reviews","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128755339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) refers to a genetically based hereditary disorder characterized by defective enamel formation. Esthetic treatment of patients with AI presents a challenge in clinical practice. the practitioner should select the appropriate treatment modality, which is determined mostly by the type of AI. In this paper we will detail the therapeutic options for patients with amelogenesis imperfecta depending on the type of damage.
{"title":"The management of patients with amelogenesis imperfecta","authors":"Marwa Amara, Yosra Gassara, Rim Kallala, Ines Azzouzi, Dalenda Hadyaoui, Moncef Ommezine, Zohra Nouira, Belhassen Harzallah, Mounir Cherif","doi":"10.56781/ijsrr.1.1.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56781/ijsrr.1.1.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) refers to a genetically based hereditary disorder characterized by defective enamel formation. Esthetic treatment of patients with AI presents a challenge in clinical practice. the practitioner should select the appropriate treatment modality, which is determined mostly by the type of AI. In this paper we will detail the therapeutic options for patients with amelogenesis imperfecta depending on the type of damage.","PeriodicalId":225986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scholarly Research and Reviews","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134350946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted at Wondogenet Agricultural Research Center to investigate the effect of urea and urea plus molasses treatment on nutritive value of sugarcane tops and its silage. The green sugarcane top that was purchased from the surrounding farmers during the harvesting time was chopped to the favorable size for silage and ensiled with or without 1% molasses, 4% urea and 4% urea + 1% molasses in plastic silos for 21 days. Results revealed that dry matter content of the silage varied between 30.13 % and 41.86%, protein content between 5.33% and 12.49%, ash content between 2.3% and 9.03%, NDF content between 64.84% and 73.1%, ADF content between 39.09% and 41.79%, pH between 4.15 and 4.47, Fleig score between 86.46 and 111.52, digestibility of dry matter between 56.3% and 58.4%, dry matter intake between 1.6% and 1.9%, relative feed value between 74.1 and 83.4, depending on the urea and urea plus molasses treated additives. Sugarcane top ensiled with urea-based additives showed better CP content than the treatments without additive and treated with molasses. Sugarcane top silage of the current study was of bad and/or unacceptable quality in terms of the NDF ratio and good and/or medium in terms of the ADF ratio according to the roughage quality standard for farm animals. In terms of the Fleig score, it was determined that the quality of the sugarcane top silage could be classified as “very good” (Fleig score >85) and the pH value of ≤ 4.53, was within the acceptable range in quality silage. Generally, adding urea and urea plus molasses additives improved nutritional value and utilization of sugarcane top silage.
{"title":"Evaluation of the nutritive value of sugar cane tops and its silage at Wondogenet, Sidama, Ethiopia","authors":"Aman Getiso, Diribi Mijena, Edao Shanku","doi":"10.56781/ijsrr.1.1.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56781/ijsrr.1.1.0025","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at Wondogenet Agricultural Research Center to investigate the effect of urea and urea plus molasses treatment on nutritive value of sugarcane tops and its silage. The green sugarcane top that was purchased from the surrounding farmers during the harvesting time was chopped to the favorable size for silage and ensiled with or without 1% molasses, 4% urea and 4% urea + 1% molasses in plastic silos for 21 days. Results revealed that dry matter content of the silage varied between 30.13 % and 41.86%, protein content between 5.33% and 12.49%, ash content between 2.3% and 9.03%, NDF content between 64.84% and 73.1%, ADF content between 39.09% and 41.79%, pH between 4.15 and 4.47, Fleig score between 86.46 and 111.52, digestibility of dry matter between 56.3% and 58.4%, dry matter intake between 1.6% and 1.9%, relative feed value between 74.1 and 83.4, depending on the urea and urea plus molasses treated additives. Sugarcane top ensiled with urea-based additives showed better CP content than the treatments without additive and treated with molasses. Sugarcane top silage of the current study was of bad and/or unacceptable quality in terms of the NDF ratio and good and/or medium in terms of the ADF ratio according to the roughage quality standard for farm animals. In terms of the Fleig score, it was determined that the quality of the sugarcane top silage could be classified as “very good” (Fleig score >85) and the pH value of ≤ 4.53, was within the acceptable range in quality silage. Generally, adding urea and urea plus molasses additives improved nutritional value and utilization of sugarcane top silage.","PeriodicalId":225986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scholarly Research and Reviews","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126449431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Principal component analysis (PCA) is aimed at reducing the dimensionality to find a smaller number of dimensions (usually 2 or 3) that exhibit most of the variations present in the data helping to identify the relative importance of individual traits on the genotypic diversity of the genotypes. The PCA was computed using seven quantitative traits measured from 321 rice genotypes evaluated using augmented RCBD experimental design with a plot area of 2.5m2 involving 4 rows per plot. The seeds were drilled in rows with a seed rate of 60kg per hectare. NPS (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Sulfur) (124 kg per hectare) and Urea (100 kg per hectare) fertilizers were applied. The quantitative traits such as days to 50% heading, days to 85% maturity, plant height, panicle length, number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle, and 1000 seed weight were collected and subjected to the principal component analysis using XLSTAT 5.03 statistical software so as to determine the importance of the measured quantitative traits for the genetic diversity of the tested rice genotypes. The first three principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3) were identified with a total cumulative variation of 78.90% showing that the genotypes could be grouped at least into three main varied classes. From the observed distribution plot, the tested genotypes were almost uniformly distributed in four quadrants pointing the presence of genetic diversity among the genotypes.
{"title":"Principal component analysis for seven quantitative traits of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes tested at Pawe, northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Gedifew Gebrie Muchie, Desta Abebe Belete","doi":"10.56781/ijsrr.1.1.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56781/ijsrr.1.1.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Principal component analysis (PCA) is aimed at reducing the dimensionality to find a smaller number of dimensions (usually 2 or 3) that exhibit most of the variations present in the data helping to identify the relative importance of individual traits on the genotypic diversity of the genotypes. The PCA was computed using seven quantitative traits measured from 321 rice genotypes evaluated using augmented RCBD experimental design with a plot area of 2.5m2 involving 4 rows per plot. The seeds were drilled in rows with a seed rate of 60kg per hectare. NPS (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Sulfur) (124 kg per hectare) and Urea (100 kg per hectare) fertilizers were applied. The quantitative traits such as days to 50% heading, days to 85% maturity, plant height, panicle length, number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle, and 1000 seed weight were collected and subjected to the principal component analysis using XLSTAT 5.03 statistical software so as to determine the importance of the measured quantitative traits for the genetic diversity of the tested rice genotypes. The first three principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3) were identified with a total cumulative variation of 78.90% showing that the genotypes could be grouped at least into three main varied classes. From the observed distribution plot, the tested genotypes were almost uniformly distributed in four quadrants pointing the presence of genetic diversity among the genotypes.","PeriodicalId":225986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scholarly Research and Reviews","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126926569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Transactional sex is an exchange of money, favors or gifts in exchange for sexual relations, commonly the relation between girls and older men. Objectives: the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of transactional sex and factors associated among Female students of Adama Science and Technology University, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used on 668 randomly selected samples. Descriptive data analysis was used to reveal the magnitude of transactional sex and explore the characteristics of study participants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the relationship of variables. P-value < 0.25 set as cutoff point for multivariable logistic regression and p-value < 0.05 and odds ratio at 95% CI was used to show significant association of variables. Results: Of the total participants about 100 (15.7%) were engaged in to transactional sex for the purpose of economic gain 73 (73%) and 92 (92%) girls had sexual partners other than older men. Variables like age (AOR, 24.8; 95% CI: 1.81, 339.5), History of alcohol drunking(AOR, 5.03; 95% CI: 1.12, 22.7), Kchat chewer (AOR, 4.24; 95% CI: 1.82, 9.911), peer influence (AOR, 2.98; 95% CI: 1.37, 6.50), knowledge on HIV (AOR, 2.75; 95% CI: 1.25, 6.06) were significantly associated with transactional sex. Conclusion and Recommendation: Magnitude of transactional sex among Adama Science and Technology University female student is high. Ministry of Health, Education and Adama Science and Technology university should work together to prevent HIV transmission among university students which may be triggered by transactional sex. Strict measures on kchat sales around university should be taken by concerned body.
{"title":"Transactional sex and associated factors among female students of Adama science and technology university, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Teshome Hundie, Ebrahim Mohammed, Ephrem Mannekulih","doi":"10.56781/ijsrr.1.1.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56781/ijsrr.1.1.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Transactional sex is an exchange of money, favors or gifts in exchange for sexual relations, commonly the relation between girls and older men. Objectives: the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of transactional sex and factors associated among Female students of Adama Science and Technology University, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used on 668 randomly selected samples. Descriptive data analysis was used to reveal the magnitude of transactional sex and explore the characteristics of study participants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the relationship of variables. P-value < 0.25 set as cutoff point for multivariable logistic regression and p-value < 0.05 and odds ratio at 95% CI was used to show significant association of variables. Results: Of the total participants about 100 (15.7%) were engaged in to transactional sex for the purpose of economic gain 73 (73%) and 92 (92%) girls had sexual partners other than older men. Variables like age (AOR, 24.8; 95% CI: 1.81, 339.5), History of alcohol drunking(AOR, 5.03; 95% CI: 1.12, 22.7), Kchat chewer (AOR, 4.24; 95% CI: 1.82, 9.911), peer influence (AOR, 2.98; 95% CI: 1.37, 6.50), knowledge on HIV (AOR, 2.75; 95% CI: 1.25, 6.06) were significantly associated with transactional sex. Conclusion and Recommendation: Magnitude of transactional sex among Adama Science and Technology University female student is high. Ministry of Health, Education and Adama Science and Technology university should work together to prevent HIV transmission among university students which may be triggered by transactional sex. Strict measures on kchat sales around university should be taken by concerned body.","PeriodicalId":225986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scholarly Research and Reviews","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130882396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Determining the extent and degree of germplasm diversity and genetic relationships among breeding materials is an important aid in crop improvement research strategies with an understanding that genetic variability is the base for crop improvement providing an opportunity for plant breeders to develop new and improved cultivars with desirable traits and it is a key to reliable and sustainable production of crops through breeding. It has been also confirmed that measuring the available genetic diversity of crops is important for effective evaluation and utilization of germplasms to explore their variability so as to identify necessary agronomic traits. For eradicating the problem of rice production, the national rice breeding and genetics research program of Ethiopia is introducing and evaluating different rice germplasms for their environmental adaptability and agronomic performance with increasing the crops’ genetic diversity. Likely, 100 upland rice genotypes were introduced and evaluated with 3 nationally released upland rice varieties as standard checks using an augmented-RCBD experimental design. Each genotype was planted on a plot area of 2.5 m2 involving 4 rows per plot with 0.25m spacing between each row. The seeds were drilled in rows with a seed rate of 60 kgha-1. Nitrogen-phosphorus-sulfur (NPS) and Urea fertilizers were applied in the amount of 124 kg ha-1 and 100 kgha-1 respectively. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the introduced upland rice genotypes’ environmental adaptability and agronomic performance (their yield and yield related traits performance, and their reaction to different pests) to be used for further breeding. To be used in the next rice breeding research program, the extent of their genetic diversity needs to be estimated. Thus, the extent and pattern of genetic diversity of the tested upland rice genotypes based on their quantitative traits has been determined using cluster analysis. The quantitative traits such as days to 50% heading, days to 85% maturity, plant height, panicle length, number of filled grains per a panicle and number of unfilled grains per a panicle, grain yield and 1000 seed weight were measured and were subjected to clustering analysis using XLSTAT 5.03 statistical software. During clustering analysis, the genotypes were grouped into five different clusters with different Euclidian distances confirming the presence of genetic variability among the genotypes. The genotype with the highest grain (6298 kgha-1) yield was obtained and included under cluster-III.
{"title":"Determining the level of genotypic variability of upland rice genotypes using cluster analysis","authors":"Gedifew Gebrie, Desta Abebe","doi":"10.56781/ijsrr.1.1.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56781/ijsrr.1.1.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the extent and degree of germplasm diversity and genetic relationships among breeding materials is an important aid in crop improvement research strategies with an understanding that genetic variability is the base for crop improvement providing an opportunity for plant breeders to develop new and improved cultivars with desirable traits and it is a key to reliable and sustainable production of crops through breeding. It has been also confirmed that measuring the available genetic diversity of crops is important for effective evaluation and utilization of germplasms to explore their variability so as to identify necessary agronomic traits. For eradicating the problem of rice production, the national rice breeding and genetics research program of Ethiopia is introducing and evaluating different rice germplasms for their environmental adaptability and agronomic performance with increasing the crops’ genetic diversity. Likely, 100 upland rice genotypes were introduced and evaluated with 3 nationally released upland rice varieties as standard checks using an augmented-RCBD experimental design. Each genotype was planted on a plot area of 2.5 m2 involving 4 rows per plot with 0.25m spacing between each row. The seeds were drilled in rows with a seed rate of 60 kgha-1. Nitrogen-phosphorus-sulfur (NPS) and Urea fertilizers were applied in the amount of 124 kg ha-1 and 100 kgha-1 respectively. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the introduced upland rice genotypes’ environmental adaptability and agronomic performance (their yield and yield related traits performance, and their reaction to different pests) to be used for further breeding. To be used in the next rice breeding research program, the extent of their genetic diversity needs to be estimated. Thus, the extent and pattern of genetic diversity of the tested upland rice genotypes based on their quantitative traits has been determined using cluster analysis. The quantitative traits such as days to 50% heading, days to 85% maturity, plant height, panicle length, number of filled grains per a panicle and number of unfilled grains per a panicle, grain yield and 1000 seed weight were measured and were subjected to clustering analysis using XLSTAT 5.03 statistical software. During clustering analysis, the genotypes were grouped into five different clusters with different Euclidian distances confirming the presence of genetic variability among the genotypes. The genotype with the highest grain (6298 kgha-1) yield was obtained and included under cluster-III.","PeriodicalId":225986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scholarly Research and Reviews","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131040623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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