Pub Date : 2010-09-16DOI: 10.2174/1876214X01003010058
S. Nalage
{"title":"An Efficient Noncatalytic Protocol for the Synthesis of Trisubstituted Imidazole in Polyethylene Glycol Using Microwaves~!2009-11-14~!2010-03-10~!2010-09-16~!","authors":"S. Nalage","doi":"10.2174/1876214X01003010058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876214X01003010058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22755,"journal":{"name":"The Open Catalysis Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"58-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90614873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-16DOI: 10.2174/1876214X01003010062
A. Beigbabaei
{"title":"Selective Formation of Light Olefins from COpH2 Over Silica Supported Co/CeO2 Prepared by Fusion Method: Preparation, Characterization and Operational Conditions Effects~!2009-10-27~!2010-01-01~!2010-09-16~!","authors":"A. Beigbabaei","doi":"10.2174/1876214X01003010062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876214X01003010062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22755,"journal":{"name":"The Open Catalysis Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84920634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-23DOI: 10.2174/1876214X01003010040
Monika Gupta
A simple and efficient method is developed for the zinc catalyzed Claisen rearrangement of allyl aryl ethers to o-allyl phenols by stirring in an oil-bath at 55 °C in liquid phase. Moreover, zinc powder is re-cyclable up to six times use without much loss of significant activity. In addition to it, the products are obtained in good to excellent yields and are in a state of high purity. The structures of the products are confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 CNMR, IR and mass spectral data and comparison with authentic samples prepared according to the literature methods.
{"title":"Zinc Catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement of Allyl Aryl Ethers to o-Allylated Phenols in Liquid Phase","authors":"Monika Gupta","doi":"10.2174/1876214X01003010040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876214X01003010040","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and efficient method is developed for the zinc catalyzed Claisen rearrangement of allyl aryl ethers to o-allyl phenols by stirring in an oil-bath at 55 °C in liquid phase. Moreover, zinc powder is re-cyclable up to six times use without much loss of significant activity. In addition to it, the products are obtained in good to excellent yields and are in a state of high purity. The structures of the products are confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 CNMR, IR and mass spectral data and comparison with authentic samples prepared according to the literature methods.","PeriodicalId":22755,"journal":{"name":"The Open Catalysis Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86772542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-23DOI: 10.2174/1876214X01003010044
A. J. Pardey, J. Suarez, M. Ortega, C. Longo, J. Pérez‐Torrente, L. Oro
This work focuses on the use of a gem-dithiolato-bridged rhodium(I) (Rh2(μ-S2CBn2)(cod)2) complex (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, Bn2CS2 2� = 1,3-diphenyl-2,2-dithiolatopropane) dissolved in toluene in the presence of monodentate phosphite P-donor ligand (P(OPh)3) under carbon monoxide/hydrogen (1:1, syngas) atmosphere as an effective catalyst for hydroformylation of some olefins (oxo-reactions). The capability of this system to catalyze the hydroformylation of hex-1-ene, cyclohexene, 2,3-dimethyl-but-1-ene and 2-methyl-pent-2-ene and their quaternary mixture (synthetic naphtha) has been demonstrated. This innovative method to perform the in situ hydroformylation of the olefins present in naphthas to oxygenated products would be a promissory work for a future industrial catalytic process applicable to gasoline improving based on oxo-reactions. An important observation is that variation of CO/H2 pressure (6.8 34.0 atm), temperature (60 80 oC), reaction time (2 10 h), rhodium concentration ((1.0 1.8)x10 -3 mol/L) affect hydroformy- lation reaction rates. Optimal conversion to oxygenated products were achieved under (Rh) = 1.8 x10 -2 mol/L, P(CO/H2) = 34 atm (CO/H2 = 1:1) at 80 oC for 10 h.
{"title":"Hydroformylation of Synthetic Naphtha Catalyzed by a Dinuclear gem-Dithiolato-Bridged Rhodium(I) Complex","authors":"A. J. Pardey, J. Suarez, M. Ortega, C. Longo, J. Pérez‐Torrente, L. Oro","doi":"10.2174/1876214X01003010044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876214X01003010044","url":null,"abstract":"This work focuses on the use of a gem-dithiolato-bridged rhodium(I) (Rh2(μ-S2CBn2)(cod)2) complex (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, Bn2CS2 2� = 1,3-diphenyl-2,2-dithiolatopropane) dissolved in toluene in the presence of monodentate phosphite P-donor ligand (P(OPh)3) under carbon monoxide/hydrogen (1:1, syngas) atmosphere as an effective catalyst for hydroformylation of some olefins (oxo-reactions). The capability of this system to catalyze the hydroformylation of hex-1-ene, cyclohexene, 2,3-dimethyl-but-1-ene and 2-methyl-pent-2-ene and their quaternary mixture (synthetic naphtha) has been demonstrated. This innovative method to perform the in situ hydroformylation of the olefins present in naphthas to oxygenated products would be a promissory work for a future industrial catalytic process applicable to gasoline improving based on oxo-reactions. An important observation is that variation of CO/H2 pressure (6.8 34.0 atm), temperature (60 80 oC), reaction time (2 10 h), rhodium concentration ((1.0 1.8)x10 -3 mol/L) affect hydroformy- lation reaction rates. Optimal conversion to oxygenated products were achieved under (Rh) = 1.8 x10 -2 mol/L, P(CO/H2) = 34 atm (CO/H2 = 1:1) at 80 oC for 10 h.","PeriodicalId":22755,"journal":{"name":"The Open Catalysis Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"44-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75166766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-07DOI: 10.2174/1876214X01003010034
A. Roy, Dhiman Kundu, S. K. Kundu, A. Majee, A. Hajra
A simple, general and efficient method has been developed for the conjugate addition of a variety of aliphatic and aromatic amines to electron deficient alkenes in the presence of a catalytic amount of manganese (II) chloride in methanol-water to produce the corresponding -amino derivatives in excellent yields at room temperature.
{"title":"Manganese (II) Chloride-Catalyzed Conjugated Addition of Amines to Electron Deficient Alkenes in Methanol-Water Medium~!2009-10-16~!2009-12-15~!2010-03-30~!","authors":"A. Roy, Dhiman Kundu, S. K. Kundu, A. Majee, A. Hajra","doi":"10.2174/1876214X01003010034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876214X01003010034","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, general and efficient method has been developed for the conjugate addition of a variety of aliphatic and aromatic amines to electron deficient alkenes in the presence of a catalytic amount of manganese (II) chloride in methanol-water to produce the corresponding -amino derivatives in excellent yields at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":22755,"journal":{"name":"The Open Catalysis Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"34-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83554301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-30DOI: 10.2174/1876214X01003010030
M. U. Raja, N. Raja, R. Ramesh
Recyclable (� 6 -p-cymene)-ruthenium(II) 2-naphthylazo-p-methylphenolate catalyst of formulation (RuCl( 6 -p- cymene)(L)) (where L = mono anionic 2-naphthylazo-p-methylphenolate ligand) is shown to be an efficient catalyst for transfer hydrogenation of a wide range of alkyl and aryl ketones in the presence of 2-propanol and KOH.
{"title":"Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Using Recyclable (η6-Arene)Ruthenium(II) Naphthylazo-p-Methyl Phenolate Complex","authors":"M. U. Raja, N. Raja, R. Ramesh","doi":"10.2174/1876214X01003010030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876214X01003010030","url":null,"abstract":"Recyclable (� 6 -p-cymene)-ruthenium(II) 2-naphthylazo-p-methylphenolate catalyst of formulation (RuCl( 6 -p- cymene)(L)) (where L = mono anionic 2-naphthylazo-p-methylphenolate ligand) is shown to be an efficient catalyst for transfer hydrogenation of a wide range of alkyl and aryl ketones in the presence of 2-propanol and KOH.","PeriodicalId":22755,"journal":{"name":"The Open Catalysis Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86286869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-10DOI: 10.2174/1876214X01003010024
T. Komatsu, K. Tomokuni, M. Konishi, T. Shirai
Perfect de-NOx over a wide temperature range above 170 °C was achieved using a new Pt-catalyst supported on mesoporous silica (Pt/MPS) and a stoichiometric amounts of long-chain hydrocarbons as reducing agents for NOx- purification. Kinetic investigation of the HC-SCR of lean NOx over Pt/MPS, Pt/alumina and Pt/zirconia showed that such a remarkable activity of Pt/MPS is due to a large frequency factor but not to activation energy. Acid-treatment of the supports increased the activities of the catalysts and generated new IR-peaks in the range 1000-1200 cm -1 , which suggests the support-effects on the catalyst-activities to be related to the special surface functional groups of the supports. The present HC-SCR must be very useful to remove diesel-NOx by means of pulse-injection of diesel fuel into the exhaust.
使用介孔二氧化硅(Pt/MPS)负载的新型Pt-催化剂和一定量的长链烃作为NOx-净化的还原剂，在170°C以上的宽温度范围内实现了完美的脱硝。对Pt/MPS、Pt/氧化铝和Pt/氧化锆上贫NOx的HC-SCR动力学研究表明，Pt/MPS如此显著的活性是由于较大的频率因子而不是活化能。酸处理后催化剂活性增加，在1000 ~ 1200 cm -1范围内产生新的红外峰，表明载体对催化剂活性的影响可能与载体表面特殊的官能团有关。目前的HC-SCR必须是非常有用的去除柴油氮氧化物通过脉冲喷射柴油燃料到排气。
{"title":"Outstanding HC-SCR of Lean NOx Over Pt/Mesoporous-Silica Catalysts~!2009-08-30~!2009-10-27~!2010-03-10~!","authors":"T. Komatsu, K. Tomokuni, M. Konishi, T. Shirai","doi":"10.2174/1876214X01003010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876214X01003010024","url":null,"abstract":"Perfect de-NOx over a wide temperature range above 170 °C was achieved using a new Pt-catalyst supported on mesoporous silica (Pt/MPS) and a stoichiometric amounts of long-chain hydrocarbons as reducing agents for NOx- purification. Kinetic investigation of the HC-SCR of lean NOx over Pt/MPS, Pt/alumina and Pt/zirconia showed that such a remarkable activity of Pt/MPS is due to a large frequency factor but not to activation energy. Acid-treatment of the supports increased the activities of the catalysts and generated new IR-peaks in the range 1000-1200 cm -1 , which suggests the support-effects on the catalyst-activities to be related to the special surface functional groups of the supports. The present HC-SCR must be very useful to remove diesel-NOx by means of pulse-injection of diesel fuel into the exhaust.","PeriodicalId":22755,"journal":{"name":"The Open Catalysis Journal","volume":"251 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84676843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-09DOI: 10.2174/1876214X01003010014
R. Fazaeli, H. Aliyan, N. Fazaeli
H-Indazolo(2,1-b)phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-trione derivatives were synthesized in a simple and efficient method from the three-component condensation reaction of phthalhydrazide, dimedone, and aromatic aldehydes by H3PW12O40 in ionic liquid in good to excellent yields and short reaction times. The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ((bmim)BF4) offered the best results in terms of yield of the products. It was observed that a homogeneous reaction medium proved beneficial for the yield of the reaction.
{"title":"Heteropoly Acid in Ionic Liquid - An Efficient Catalyst for the Preparation of 2H-Indazolo(2,1-b)Phthalazine-Triones","authors":"R. Fazaeli, H. Aliyan, N. Fazaeli","doi":"10.2174/1876214X01003010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876214X01003010014","url":null,"abstract":"H-Indazolo(2,1-b)phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-trione derivatives were synthesized in a simple and efficient method from the three-component condensation reaction of phthalhydrazide, dimedone, and aromatic aldehydes by H3PW12O40 in ionic liquid in good to excellent yields and short reaction times. The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ((bmim)BF4) offered the best results in terms of yield of the products. It was observed that a homogeneous reaction medium proved beneficial for the yield of the reaction.","PeriodicalId":22755,"journal":{"name":"The Open Catalysis Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":"14-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83999389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-27DOI: 10.2174/1876214X01003010019
Lei Du, W. Luo
Cefradine crystallization was studied under different conditions. The optimal conditions for crystallization were: dissolving temperature, 15°C; initial temperature in crystallization, 30°C; cooling temperature in crystallization, 0°C; and adding 1,2-propanediol as adjuvant agent with a volume ratio 0.2 of water solution. The yield of cefradine crystallization is about 92% under these conditions. The purity of cefradine crystals is over 98% under the same conditions. The average size of cefradine crystal is 500 μm. The content of cefalexin in crystal is reduced to only 0.36%.
{"title":"Crystallization Optimizing of Cefradine","authors":"Lei Du, W. Luo","doi":"10.2174/1876214X01003010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876214X01003010019","url":null,"abstract":"Cefradine crystallization was studied under different conditions. The optimal conditions for crystallization were: dissolving temperature, 15°C; initial temperature in crystallization, 30°C; cooling temperature in crystallization, 0°C; and adding 1,2-propanediol as adjuvant agent with a volume ratio 0.2 of water solution. The yield of cefradine crystallization is about 92% under these conditions. The purity of cefradine crystals is over 98% under the same conditions. The average size of cefradine crystal is 500 μm. The content of cefalexin in crystal is reduced to only 0.36%.","PeriodicalId":22755,"journal":{"name":"The Open Catalysis Journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79336844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-09DOI: 10.2174/1876214X01003010001
S. Hussain, Rafia Naheed, A. Badshah, M. Saddique, M. Khalid, Z. Baig
The polymerization of butadiene was studied using heterogeneous cobalt nickel (oxide) bimetallic catalyst. The prepared catalyst was subjected to calcination at different temperatures. This treatment results in the formation of different phases with multiple oxidation states. The characterization of the catalyst was carried out by XRD, SEM, EDX, TGA, FTIR and TPR/TPD. The catalytic activity was studied for the polymerization of butadiene gas in toluene, n-hexane and ethanol in a Parr reactor system. The products obtained, were characterized by FTIR, GC/MS, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, Laser Light Scattering (LLS) and GPC. The best activity was achieved on the catalyst sample calcined at 1173 K in ethanol solvent. The product contains aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds and polybutadiene terminated by OH group. The GPC and LLS studies indicates that polydispersity of the products are in the narrow range and high molecular weight product. The study reflects that the catalytic reaction conditions, the calcinations temperatures which control the oxidation state, phase of the catalyst and stability of the catalyst are mainly responsible for the change in products selectivity.
{"title":"Heterogeneous Supported Catalysts for Butadiene Polymerization: The Effect of Calcination Temperature and Solvent","authors":"S. Hussain, Rafia Naheed, A. Badshah, M. Saddique, M. Khalid, Z. Baig","doi":"10.2174/1876214X01003010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876214X01003010001","url":null,"abstract":"The polymerization of butadiene was studied using heterogeneous cobalt nickel (oxide) bimetallic catalyst. The prepared catalyst was subjected to calcination at different temperatures. This treatment results in the formation of different phases with multiple oxidation states. The characterization of the catalyst was carried out by XRD, SEM, EDX, TGA, FTIR and TPR/TPD. The catalytic activity was studied for the polymerization of butadiene gas in toluene, n-hexane and ethanol in a Parr reactor system. The products obtained, were characterized by FTIR, GC/MS, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, Laser Light Scattering (LLS) and GPC. The best activity was achieved on the catalyst sample calcined at 1173 K in ethanol solvent. The product contains aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds and polybutadiene terminated by OH group. The GPC and LLS studies indicates that polydispersity of the products are in the narrow range and high molecular weight product. The study reflects that the catalytic reaction conditions, the calcinations temperatures which control the oxidation state, phase of the catalyst and stability of the catalyst are mainly responsible for the change in products selectivity.","PeriodicalId":22755,"journal":{"name":"The Open Catalysis Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73692833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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