Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.47363/jprr/2024(6)170
Ambika Prasad Nayak
Introduction: Viral pneumonia is a prominent cause of illness that can occur in all age group throughout the year. Worldwide about 200 million cases of viral community acquired pneumonia occur every year of which 50% cases in children and 50% in adults [1]. Bacterial coinfection found only in 3% of cases [2]. The aim of our study is to find out most common viral pathogen causing pneumonia, most common bacterial co-infection, their typical clinical presentation, common abnormal lab parameters, CT findings, duration of ICU and hospital stay. Materials and Methods: All cases with sign and symptoms of respiratory infections with confirmed diagnosis of viral pneumonia (confirmed by BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel from lower respiratory tract sample, confirmed by microscopy) were included in the study after proper consent. Demographic data, clinical history, laboratory investigations, all routine and radiological investigations are noted and evaluated. Results: Of the total 69 cases Influenza A virus (36%) is the predominant etiological agents followed by human rhinovirus (26%) in these cases. Human Rhinovirus predominate in the early part 2023 but towards end of this year Influenza A virus became the predominant cause for pneumonia. Patients of all age groups are affected but there is definitively a seasonal variation with more in the winter months. Most of the patients have typical respiratory findings like cough (83%) and fever (76%). CT scan showed bilateral ground glass opacity (56%) in most cases, and few had consolidation (29%) features. Blood CRP level (91%) was raised in most of these patients. Haemophilus Influenzae (34%) is the most common associated bacterial co-infection followed by Streptococcus Pneumoniae (26%). All patients responded well to conservative management. Conclusions: Viral pneumonia is not uncommon in the community. Though we found Influenza A followed by Human Rhinovirus are the two most common pathogens in these cases but only 59% of them have bacterial co-infection, so not all patients require antibiotics from the beginning. As most are infected with Haemophilus influenzae so aminopenicillin group is the antibiotics of choice for these patients. Hence as a pulmonologist we must be aware of these cases, their typical presentation and not to over treat these cases with high end antibiotics as most require only symptomatic treatment. Even though it is a single centre study, but it definitely throws a light on the pattern of viral pneumonia in our community
{"title":"Clinical and Etiological Findings of Viral Pneumonia: A Single Centre Prospective Study","authors":"Ambika Prasad Nayak","doi":"10.47363/jprr/2024(6)170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jprr/2024(6)170","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Viral pneumonia is a prominent cause of illness that can occur in all age group throughout the year. Worldwide about 200 million cases of viral community acquired pneumonia occur every year of which 50% cases in children and 50% in adults [1]. Bacterial coinfection found only in 3% of cases [2]. The aim of our study is to find out most common viral pathogen causing pneumonia, most common bacterial co-infection, their typical clinical presentation, common abnormal lab parameters, CT findings, duration of ICU and hospital stay. Materials and Methods: All cases with sign and symptoms of respiratory infections with confirmed diagnosis of viral pneumonia (confirmed by BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel from lower respiratory tract sample, confirmed by microscopy) were included in the study after proper consent. Demographic data, clinical history, laboratory investigations, all routine and radiological investigations are noted and evaluated. Results: Of the total 69 cases Influenza A virus (36%) is the predominant etiological agents followed by human rhinovirus (26%) in these cases. Human Rhinovirus predominate in the early part 2023 but towards end of this year Influenza A virus became the predominant cause for pneumonia. Patients of all age groups are affected but there is definitively a seasonal variation with more in the winter months. Most of the patients have typical respiratory findings like cough (83%) and fever (76%). CT scan showed bilateral ground glass opacity (56%) in most cases, and few had consolidation (29%) features. Blood CRP level (91%) was raised in most of these patients. Haemophilus Influenzae (34%) is the most common associated bacterial co-infection followed by Streptococcus Pneumoniae (26%). All patients responded well to conservative management. Conclusions: Viral pneumonia is not uncommon in the community. Though we found Influenza A followed by Human Rhinovirus are the two most common pathogens in these cases but only 59% of them have bacterial co-infection, so not all patients require antibiotics from the beginning. As most are infected with Haemophilus influenzae so aminopenicillin group is the antibiotics of choice for these patients. Hence as a pulmonologist we must be aware of these cases, their typical presentation and not to over treat these cases with high end antibiotics as most require only symptomatic treatment. Even though it is a single centre study, but it definitely throws a light on the pattern of viral pneumonia in our community","PeriodicalId":229002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pulmonology Research & Reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.47363/jprr/2024(6)168
Jolsana Augustine, Mobin Paul
We describe an interesting case of an elderly woman with CML who presented with bilateral recurrent effusion. Pleural fluid analysis revealed lymphocytepredominant exudative pleural fluid negative for malignant cells. She was started on antitubercular medications on an empirical basis with no improvement. On re-evaluation with repeat fluid analysis, the fluid from both sides turned out to be chylothorax. Infectious, malignant causes were ruled out. She was on Dasatinib for 2 years before she developed effusion. A diagnosis of drug-induced effusion was made and the offending drug was withheld. Her effusion cleared and pleurodesis was done bilaterally. She remains clinically and radiologically better on follow-up to date.
{"title":"A Unique Case of Bilateral Chylothorax in a Patient Treated with Dasatinib for CML","authors":"Jolsana Augustine, Mobin Paul","doi":"10.47363/jprr/2024(6)168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jprr/2024(6)168","url":null,"abstract":"We describe an interesting case of an elderly woman with CML who presented with bilateral recurrent effusion. Pleural fluid analysis revealed lymphocytepredominant exudative pleural fluid negative for malignant cells. She was started on antitubercular medications on an empirical basis with no improvement. On re-evaluation with repeat fluid analysis, the fluid from both sides turned out to be chylothorax. Infectious, malignant causes were ruled out. She was on Dasatinib for 2 years before she developed effusion. A diagnosis of drug-induced effusion was made and the offending drug was withheld. Her effusion cleared and pleurodesis was done bilaterally. She remains clinically and radiologically better on follow-up to date.","PeriodicalId":229002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pulmonology Research & Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.47363/jprr/2024(6)163
Asif Muhammad, Zaw Myint, W. Nyunt
Globally Tuberculosis (TB) and RR/MDR TB are among predominant public health problems and major cause of morbidity and mortality specially across many Asian and African countries. High number of missing TB cases, early detection of TB and early Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST) based appropriate treatment initiation also remains a challenge in many low to high burden TB countries.
{"title":"Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra-Trace Call Results and Pathways for TB Treatment","authors":"Asif Muhammad, Zaw Myint, W. Nyunt","doi":"10.47363/jprr/2024(6)163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jprr/2024(6)163","url":null,"abstract":"Globally Tuberculosis (TB) and RR/MDR TB are among predominant public health problems and major cause of morbidity and mortality specially across many Asian and African countries. High number of missing TB cases, early detection of TB and early Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST) based appropriate treatment initiation also remains a challenge in many low to high burden TB countries.","PeriodicalId":229002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pulmonology Research & Reports","volume":"493 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140474558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.47363/jprr/2024(6)161
Blossom Makhubalo
Background and Challenges to Implementation: Community stakeholders’ perceptions can influence community members participation in clinical research trials or support the research. It is for this reason that research teams need to have a deep understanding of the communities they research. The Aurum Klerksdorp CRS engages in a people-centred participatory process with the community and stakeholders before engaging in active recruitment activities.
{"title":"Using a People-Centred Participatory Approach to Explore Community and Stakeholders’ Perceptions to Enable Research Teams to Design Plans that Meet Community Needs","authors":"Blossom Makhubalo","doi":"10.47363/jprr/2024(6)161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jprr/2024(6)161","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Challenges to Implementation: Community stakeholders’ perceptions can influence community members participation in clinical research trials or support the research. It is for this reason that research teams need to have a deep understanding of the communities they research. The Aurum Klerksdorp CRS engages in a people-centred participatory process with the community and stakeholders before engaging in active recruitment activities.","PeriodicalId":229002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pulmonology Research & Reports","volume":"249 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140474946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.47363/jprr/2023(5)153
R. Chetambath, Gayathri Karedath, Rituparna Krishnan, Amrutha Balu
Pleuro-parenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare form of interstitial lung disease with pleural and parenchymal components in the form of fibrosis and elastosis. This is often missed due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms. Most of the cases were attributed to trivial respiratory infections in the past. Here we present a case of an elderly female who is symptomatic after COVID-19 infection and has characteristic radiological patterns in high-resolution computed tomogram (HRCT) to suggest a diagnosis of PPFE.
{"title":"Pleuro-Parenchymal Fibroelastosis (PPFE)-A Case Report","authors":"R. Chetambath, Gayathri Karedath, Rituparna Krishnan, Amrutha Balu","doi":"10.47363/jprr/2023(5)153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jprr/2023(5)153","url":null,"abstract":"Pleuro-parenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare form of interstitial lung disease with pleural and parenchymal components in the form of fibrosis and elastosis. This is often missed due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms. Most of the cases were attributed to trivial respiratory infections in the past. Here we present a case of an elderly female who is symptomatic after COVID-19 infection and has characteristic radiological patterns in high-resolution computed tomogram (HRCT) to suggest a diagnosis of PPFE.","PeriodicalId":229002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pulmonology Research & Reports","volume":"63 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minoxidil is a medication used to treat hypertension by directly dilating the arteries. However, about 3% of patients who take this medication experience pericardial effusion, which can lead to large pleural effusions and may require pleuro pericardiocentesis. In rare cases, patients may develop seroconstrictive pericarditis. This report describes an elderly woman who developed seroconstrictive pericardial effusion and bilateral pleural effusion seven months after taking minoxidil therapy. It has also been reported that minoxidil used in dialysis patients can cause large-volume pleuro pericardial effusions, leading to seroconstrictive pericardial effusion and anasarca, which is not common. Therefore, if a patient is on dialysis and minoxidil and they have a pleural or pericardial effusion that is unresponsive to ultrafiltration, there is a possibility of minoxidil-associated polyserositis. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of this potential adverse effect, as prompt discontinuation of the drug can save lives.
{"title":"Minoxidil Associated Pleural and Pericardial Effusion in Patient on Hemodialysis","authors":"Azmat Karim, Narula Ajit Singh, Sanjeev Gulati, Himanshu Saini","doi":"10.47363/jprr/2023(5)156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jprr/2023(5)156","url":null,"abstract":"Minoxidil is a medication used to treat hypertension by directly dilating the arteries. However, about 3% of patients who take this medication experience pericardial effusion, which can lead to large pleural effusions and may require pleuro pericardiocentesis. In rare cases, patients may develop seroconstrictive pericarditis. This report describes an elderly woman who developed seroconstrictive pericardial effusion and bilateral pleural effusion seven months after taking minoxidil therapy. It has also been reported that minoxidil used in dialysis patients can cause large-volume pleuro pericardial effusions, leading to seroconstrictive pericardial effusion and anasarca, which is not common. Therefore, if a patient is on dialysis and minoxidil and they have a pleural or pericardial effusion that is unresponsive to ultrafiltration, there is a possibility of minoxidil-associated polyserositis. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of this potential adverse effect, as prompt discontinuation of the drug can save lives.","PeriodicalId":229002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pulmonology Research & Reports","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.47363/jprr/2023(5)151
Krishna Karthik M V S
This study aimed to investigate the rate of occurrence of pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance among patients with MDR-TB from the clinical specimens submitted to a referral centre in Bengaluru, Karnataka. PZA has been used for almost 50 years as first line drug for short course chemotherapy against MTB and its inclusion has significantly shortened the treatment duration to 6 months. However, resistance to PZA is associated with poor treatment outcomes and its drug susceptibility testing (DST) is not routinely performed in public health laboratories in India due to technical difficulties. This study followed a structured approach to investigate PZA resistance among MDRTB patients in Karnataka. Relevant demographic and clinical information was collected from Laboratory registers. The specimens yielding the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were subjected to DST for PZA using validated techniques and the rate of PZA resistance was determined. Our results showed 4% of PZA resistance among MDRTB specimens. These results can contribute to the understanding of local epidemiology of drug resistant TB and update public health strategies for TB control in a particular geographical region. The findings may highlight the need for routine DST for PZA in public health laboratories in India and further research to better understand the associated factors with PZA resistance. This study also emphasizes the importance of continued surveillance of drug resistance patterns to guide evidence-based interventions for TB control and management.
{"title":"Pyrazinamide Resistance among Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Karnataka: Cross Sectional Study from a Referral Centre","authors":"Krishna Karthik M V S","doi":"10.47363/jprr/2023(5)151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jprr/2023(5)151","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the rate of occurrence of pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance among patients with MDR-TB from the clinical specimens submitted to a referral centre in Bengaluru, Karnataka. PZA has been used for almost 50 years as first line drug for short course chemotherapy against MTB and its inclusion has significantly shortened the treatment duration to 6 months. However, resistance to PZA is associated with poor treatment outcomes and its drug susceptibility testing (DST) is not routinely performed in public health laboratories in India due to technical difficulties. This study followed a structured approach to investigate PZA resistance among MDRTB patients in Karnataka. Relevant demographic and clinical information was collected from Laboratory registers. The specimens yielding the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were subjected to DST for PZA using validated techniques and the rate of PZA resistance was determined. Our results showed 4% of PZA resistance among MDRTB specimens. These results can contribute to the understanding of local epidemiology of drug resistant TB and update public health strategies for TB control in a particular geographical region. The findings may highlight the need for routine DST for PZA in public health laboratories in India and further research to better understand the associated factors with PZA resistance. This study also emphasizes the importance of continued surveillance of drug resistance patterns to guide evidence-based interventions for TB control and management.","PeriodicalId":229002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pulmonology Research & Reports","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.47363/jprr/2023(5)157
P. Goel, Tarun Jhamb
The galaxy sign was first reported in pulmonary sarcoidosis. From those reports sign became known as one of the characteristic computed tomography (CT) findings of sarcoidosis. Notable feature of Galaxy sign is dense central portions surrounded by partially discrete small nodules. These nodules contain caseating or non‐caseating granulomas. Galaxy sign is considered useful signs indicative of pulmonary sarcoidosis. However, pulmonary tuberculosis may also show this finding. We report a patient who mimic pulmonary tuberculosis in our case. Clinicians should be aware to differentiate and evaluate further before starting treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in these patients.
{"title":"A Case of Sarcoidosis and Galaxy Sign: Diagnostic Dilemma","authors":"P. Goel, Tarun Jhamb","doi":"10.47363/jprr/2023(5)157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jprr/2023(5)157","url":null,"abstract":"The galaxy sign was first reported in pulmonary sarcoidosis. From those reports sign became known as one of the characteristic computed tomography (CT) findings of sarcoidosis. Notable feature of Galaxy sign is dense central portions surrounded by partially discrete small nodules. These nodules contain caseating or non‐caseating granulomas. Galaxy sign is considered useful signs indicative of pulmonary sarcoidosis. However, pulmonary tuberculosis may also show this finding. We report a patient who mimic pulmonary tuberculosis in our case. Clinicians should be aware to differentiate and evaluate further before starting treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in these patients.","PeriodicalId":229002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pulmonology Research & Reports","volume":"3 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.47363/jprr/2023(5)154
Sapna Dixit
Vitamin D is a critical nutrient for human health. However, our environment, lifestyle and genetic makeup can significantly impact the efficacy of vitamin D production in the body. Unfortunately, our diets do not provide us with sufficient vitamin D, leading to a variety of health issues. Vitamin D also has a pivotal role in the development of pulmonary diseases. Hence this study was done to estimate vitamin D levels in patients suffering from various pulmonary disorders. This is a cross-sectional type of study conducted at a tertiary care centre with a sample size of 160 consisting of 80 cases of respiratory diseases with 80 apparently healthy attendees for a period of 1 year. We found that vitamin D levels were deficient (16.95ng/ ml) in pulmonary disease patients as compared to their apparently healthy attendees(20.69). Patients with infective aetiology i.e., Tuberculosis, community-acquired pneumonia, and bronchiectasis had a much lower value of vitamin D (10.72 ng/ml) as compared to other patients with noninfective aetiology (19.43 ng/ml). Our study shows an inverse relationship between blood vitamin D levels and Body Mass Index and found direct association with occupation and smoking history. However, no link was discovered with gender or geography. This study’s findings add to the growing body of information on the factors related to vitamin D status.
维生素 D 是人体健康的重要营养素。然而，我们所处的环境、生活方式和基因构成会极大地影响体内维生素 D 的生成效率。遗憾的是，我们的饮食无法为我们提供充足的维生素 D，从而导致各种健康问题。维生素 D 在肺部疾病的发生发展中也起着举足轻重的作用。因此，这项研究旨在估算各种肺部疾病患者的维生素 D 水平。这是一项横断面研究，在一家三级医疗中心进行，样本量为 160 个，包括 80 个呼吸道疾病病例和 80 个表面健康的就诊者，为期 1 年。我们发现，肺部疾病患者的维生素 D 水平（16.95ng/ml）低于表面健康的就诊者（20.69ng/ml）。感染性病因患者，即肺结核、社区获得性肺炎和支气管扩张症患者的维生素 D 含量（10.72 ng/ml）远低于其他非感染性病因患者（19.43 ng/ml）。我们的研究表明，血液中的维生素 D 水平与体重指数呈反比关系，并发现与职业和吸烟史有直接关系。然而，我们没有发现血液中的维生素 D 与性别或地域有任何联系。这项研究的结果为越来越多与维生素 D 状态相关因素的信息增添了新的内容。
{"title":"A Study on Serum Vitamin D Level in Patients Suffering from Various Pulmonary Disorders","authors":"Sapna Dixit","doi":"10.47363/jprr/2023(5)154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jprr/2023(5)154","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D is a critical nutrient for human health. However, our environment, lifestyle and genetic makeup can significantly impact the efficacy of vitamin D production in the body. Unfortunately, our diets do not provide us with sufficient vitamin D, leading to a variety of health issues. Vitamin D also has a pivotal role in the development of pulmonary diseases. Hence this study was done to estimate vitamin D levels in patients suffering from various pulmonary disorders. This is a cross-sectional type of study conducted at a tertiary care centre with a sample size of 160 consisting of 80 cases of respiratory diseases with 80 apparently healthy attendees for a period of 1 year. We found that vitamin D levels were deficient (16.95ng/ ml) in pulmonary disease patients as compared to their apparently healthy attendees(20.69). Patients with infective aetiology i.e., Tuberculosis, community-acquired pneumonia, and bronchiectasis had a much lower value of vitamin D (10.72 ng/ml) as compared to other patients with noninfective aetiology (19.43 ng/ml). Our study shows an inverse relationship between blood vitamin D levels and Body Mass Index and found direct association with occupation and smoking history. However, no link was discovered with gender or geography. This study’s findings add to the growing body of information on the factors related to vitamin D status.","PeriodicalId":229002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pulmonology Research & Reports","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.47363/jprr/2023(5)145
Muhammad Asif, Zaw Myint
Linezolid (Lzd) belongs to group of Oxazolidinones a repurposed drug to treat Drug resistant TB (DR TB). WHO in 2019 placed Lzd in Group A Drugs along with Levofloxacin/Moxifloxacin and Bedaquiline as most effective drugs to treat RR/MDR TB. The RR/MDR TB regimen should be constructed with a combination of at least 4 likely effective drugs. The toxicity profile of Lzd may feature from 22% to 80% and among most common toxicities are myelosuppression and neuropathy and such frequent toxicities lead from temporary interruption to permanent discontinuation of Lzd during RR/MDR TB treatment. The median time to development of toxicity is around 5-6 months of treatment but toxicity may occur even during early weeks of treatment. The Linezolid (Lzd) usual dose of 600 mg OD is also used for <28 days to treat various gram-positive infections. Linezolid toxicity is frequent but relatively easy to detect and manage and is reversible other than complete nerve damage if not detected early and drug interrupted timely. Linezolid (600 mg daily) is also part of WHO recommended BPaLM and BPaL regimens which are safe, shorter, low cost and highly effective as future RR/MDR TB treatment. To ensure safety of patients all TB programs must ensure appropriate adverse drug safety, monitoring and management (DSM) mechanism as essential component of Drug resistance TB treatment.
{"title":"Linezolid Tolerability in Drug Resistant TB Patients and Its Future use in all Oral Shorter Regimens","authors":"Muhammad Asif, Zaw Myint","doi":"10.47363/jprr/2023(5)145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jprr/2023(5)145","url":null,"abstract":"Linezolid (Lzd) belongs to group of Oxazolidinones a repurposed drug to treat Drug resistant TB (DR TB). WHO in 2019 placed Lzd in Group A Drugs along with Levofloxacin/Moxifloxacin and Bedaquiline as most effective drugs to treat RR/MDR TB. The RR/MDR TB regimen should be constructed with a combination of at least 4 likely effective drugs. The toxicity profile of Lzd may feature from 22% to 80% and among most common toxicities are myelosuppression and neuropathy and such frequent toxicities lead from temporary interruption to permanent discontinuation of Lzd during RR/MDR TB treatment. The median time to development of toxicity is around 5-6 months of treatment but toxicity may occur even during early weeks of treatment. The Linezolid (Lzd) usual dose of 600 mg OD is also used for <28 days to treat various gram-positive infections. Linezolid toxicity is frequent but relatively easy to detect and manage and is reversible other than complete nerve damage if not detected early and drug interrupted timely. Linezolid (600 mg daily) is also part of WHO recommended BPaLM and BPaL regimens which are safe, shorter, low cost and highly effective as future RR/MDR TB treatment. To ensure safety of patients all TB programs must ensure appropriate adverse drug safety, monitoring and management (DSM) mechanism as essential component of Drug resistance TB treatment.","PeriodicalId":229002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pulmonology Research & Reports","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132981121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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