Pub Date : 2010-08-27DOI: 10.2174/1876518101002020071
T. Miura, T. Shibata
Influenza is a respiratory tract infection, causing pandemic outbreaks. Spanish flu (A/H1N1), a pandemic occurred between 1918 and 1919, tolled patients and fatalities of 500 million and 50 million, respectively. Recently, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 and swine influenza [Pandemic (H1N1) 2009] was reported. Because of the population explosion and busy global aircraft traffics, Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 is rapidly spreading worldwide. In addition, it is seriously concerned that H5N1 influenza pandemic would emerge in the very near future. The pandemic will cause the freeze of social activity and the crisis of business continuity, having a serious impact on the global economy consequently. It is fervently desired that efficient methods of infection control against influenza pandemic be developed. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) has a strong antiviral effect, and can disinfect the surface of object and the air in space. In recent study on interaction between ClO2 and protein, ClO2 oxidatively modified tyrosine and tryptophan residues, and the protein was structurally denatured. Since hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza virus A/H1N1 were inactivated by the reaction with ClO2, it is likely that denaturation of the proteins caused inactivation of the virus. A low concentration (0.03 ppm) of ClO2 gas, where people can stay for a long period of time without any harmful effect, prevented the death of mice caused by infection of influenza virus delivered as aerosol. We review current information based on the efficiency of ClO2 solution and gas, and also discuss the application of ClO2 against influenza pandemics outbreak.
{"title":"Antiviral Effect of Chlorine Dioxide against Influenza Virus and Its Application for Infection Control","authors":"T. Miura, T. Shibata","doi":"10.2174/1876518101002020071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876518101002020071","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza is a respiratory tract infection, causing pandemic outbreaks. Spanish flu (A/H1N1), a pandemic occurred between 1918 and 1919, tolled patients and fatalities of 500 million and 50 million, respectively. Recently, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 and swine influenza [Pandemic (H1N1) 2009] was reported. Because of the population explosion and busy global aircraft traffics, Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 is rapidly spreading worldwide. In addition, it is seriously concerned that H5N1 influenza pandemic would emerge in the very near future. The pandemic will cause the freeze of social activity and the crisis of business continuity, having a serious impact on the global economy consequently. It is fervently desired that efficient methods of infection control against influenza pandemic be developed. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) has a strong antiviral effect, and can disinfect the surface of object and the air in space. In recent study on interaction between ClO2 and protein, ClO2 oxidatively modified tyrosine and tryptophan residues, and the protein was structurally denatured. Since hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza virus A/H1N1 were inactivated by the reaction with ClO2, it is likely that denaturation of the proteins caused inactivation of the virus. A low concentration (0.03 ppm) of ClO2 gas, where people can stay for a long period of time without any harmful effect, prevented the death of mice caused by infection of influenza virus delivered as aerosol. We review current information based on the efficiency of ClO2 solution and gas, and also discuss the application of ClO2 against influenza pandemics outbreak.","PeriodicalId":22920,"journal":{"name":"The Open Antimicrobial Agents Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84989815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-10DOI: 10.2174/1876518100901010001
N. Ozen, A. Ergani, T. Naas, D. Ogunc, M. Gultekin, D. Çolak, P. Nordmann
The use of carbapenems to eradicate multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii may become compromised by the spread of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D -lactamase (CHDL) genes (OXA-23, OXA-40, or OXA-58). Here, we describe the phenotypical and genotypical characterization of MDR A. baumannii isolates, recovered between June and November 2003 in a tertiary-care hospital in Antalya, Turkey. Hundred and sixteen MDR A. baumannii isolates were isolated from 23 patients, mostly from respiratory samples and from 11 environmental samples. These MDR isolates, belonged to a single clone and remained susceptible to colistin and rifampin only. They produced CHDL OXA-58. In addition, they were also positive for the blaOXA-51, for a novel blaAMPC (ADC-43) gene and for ISAba1. The blaOXA-58 gene was located onto a non self-transferable 50-kb plasmid that could be electroporated to A. baumannii 7010 reference strain. One isogenic carbapenem-susceptible strain lost its plasmid carrying blaOXA-58 gene. PCR mapping identified similar genetic structures surrounding the blaOXA-58 gene as for the prototype blaOXA-58 gene, e.g. two ISAba3-like insertion sequences bracketing blaOXA-58 gene. This is the first molecular description of an outbreak of OXA-58producing A. baumannii isolates in Turkey, further underlining the global spread of such carbapenemaseproducing strains in the Mediterranean area.
{"title":"Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Producing the Carbapenemase OXA-58 in Turkey","authors":"N. Ozen, A. Ergani, T. Naas, D. Ogunc, M. Gultekin, D. Çolak, P. Nordmann","doi":"10.2174/1876518100901010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876518100901010001","url":null,"abstract":"The use of carbapenems to eradicate multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii may become compromised by the spread of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D -lactamase (CHDL) genes (OXA-23, OXA-40, or OXA-58). Here, we describe the phenotypical and genotypical characterization of MDR A. baumannii isolates, recovered between June and November 2003 in a tertiary-care hospital in Antalya, Turkey. Hundred and sixteen MDR A. baumannii isolates were isolated from 23 patients, mostly from respiratory samples and from 11 environmental samples. These MDR isolates, belonged to a single clone and remained susceptible to colistin and rifampin only. They produced CHDL OXA-58. In addition, they were also positive for the blaOXA-51, for a novel blaAMPC (ADC-43) gene and for ISAba1. The blaOXA-58 gene was located onto a non self-transferable 50-kb plasmid that could be electroporated to A. baumannii 7010 reference strain. One isogenic carbapenem-susceptible strain lost its plasmid carrying blaOXA-58 gene. PCR mapping identified similar genetic structures surrounding the blaOXA-58 gene as for the prototype blaOXA-58 gene, e.g. two ISAba3-like insertion sequences bracketing blaOXA-58 gene. This is the first molecular description of an outbreak of OXA-58producing A. baumannii isolates in Turkey, further underlining the global spread of such carbapenemaseproducing strains in the Mediterranean area.","PeriodicalId":22920,"journal":{"name":"The Open Antimicrobial Agents Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87402769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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