Pub Date : 2009-05-01DOI: 10.1109/LISAT.2009.5031572
E. Lu, I. Lu
This paper details the nontrivial extension of the novel Normalized Least Mean Square Zero Forcing (NLMS-ZF) data detection algorithm from Single Input Single Output (SISO) to Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs (MIMO) for the High Speed Data Packet Access (HSDPA) enabled Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system. The MIMO NLMS-ZF algorithm which utilizes channel state information has had limited success due to difficulty in obtaining both simplicity and a rigorous solution. Even so, with only an approximate solution, it still performs better than the NLMS data detection algorithm for fast-varying channels.
{"title":"MIMO NLMS-ZF data detection approach for WCDMA based HSDPA systems","authors":"E. Lu, I. Lu","doi":"10.1109/LISAT.2009.5031572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LISAT.2009.5031572","url":null,"abstract":"This paper details the nontrivial extension of the novel Normalized Least Mean Square Zero Forcing (NLMS-ZF) data detection algorithm from Single Input Single Output (SISO) to Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs (MIMO) for the High Speed Data Packet Access (HSDPA) enabled Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system. The MIMO NLMS-ZF algorithm which utilizes channel state information has had limited success due to difficulty in obtaining both simplicity and a rigorous solution. Even so, with only an approximate solution, it still performs better than the NLMS data detection algorithm for fast-varying channels.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"48 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113994158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-30DOI: 10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850362
Liwen Guo, Biruk A. Gebre, K. Pochiraju
A novel method is developed to sequentially analyze power spectrums, estimate the number of signals and their frequencies, Direction of Arrival (DOA), and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). The relationship between the estimation bias and the array gain is investigated and an empirical model is built to improve the parameter estimations. An eight-element linear microphone array is made and used in testing the developed techniques. Five maximum likelihood algorithms and the MUSIC algorithm were used for DOA estimation and the results were compared. The test results show that the proposed methods were efficient and satisfactory estimation accuracy was achieved.
{"title":"Parameter estimation of acoustic signals using linear microphone arrays","authors":"Liwen Guo, Biruk A. Gebre, K. Pochiraju","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850362","url":null,"abstract":"A novel method is developed to sequentially analyze power spectrums, estimate the number of signals and their frequencies, Direction of Arrival (DOA), and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). The relationship between the estimation bias and the array gain is investigated and an empirical model is built to improve the parameter estimations. An eight-element linear microphone array is made and used in testing the developed techniques. Five maximum likelihood algorithms and the MUSIC algorithm were used for DOA estimation and the results were compared. The test results show that the proposed methods were efficient and satisfactory estimation accuracy was achieved.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117116672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-30DOI: 10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850374
A. Ng'oma, M. Sauer
The paper discusses two approaches for increasing data throughput needed for the delivery of bandwidth-hungry services to wireless users. Small radio cells are a stop-gap solution for dealing with today's capacity-limited wireless systems. However, the ultimate path towards wireless communication at gigabit-per-second data rates is millimeter-wave frequencies such as 60 GHz. We discuss the benefits of using radio-over-fiber (RoF) technologies to feed the high-density of remote antenna units present in small-cell wireless systems operating at either low frequencies or mm-wave-frequencies. We investigate the performance of a simple 60 GHz RoF link transmitting 4 Gbps (single carrier), and show that the severe impact of ripples in the link response can be minimized by using simple linear feed-forward equalization, resulting in tremendous system performance improvement. We further demonstrate the use of a RoF system to generate a 7 Gbps QPSK-modulated 60 GHz signal.
{"title":"Radio-over-fiber technologies for high data rate wireless applications","authors":"A. Ng'oma, M. Sauer","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850374","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses two approaches for increasing data throughput needed for the delivery of bandwidth-hungry services to wireless users. Small radio cells are a stop-gap solution for dealing with today's capacity-limited wireless systems. However, the ultimate path towards wireless communication at gigabit-per-second data rates is millimeter-wave frequencies such as 60 GHz. We discuss the benefits of using radio-over-fiber (RoF) technologies to feed the high-density of remote antenna units present in small-cell wireless systems operating at either low frequencies or mm-wave-frequencies. We investigate the performance of a simple 60 GHz RoF link transmitting 4 Gbps (single carrier), and show that the severe impact of ripples in the link response can be minimized by using simple linear feed-forward equalization, resulting in tremendous system performance improvement. We further demonstrate the use of a RoF system to generate a 7 Gbps QPSK-modulated 60 GHz signal.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127490978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-30DOI: 10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850295
W. Su, Bo-Hwan Jung, Sheng-Yueh Chang, Z. Gajic
The nonlinear, multiplicative form of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) function can be put in the linear, additive form by representing the SIR function in the logarithmic scale. Most of the well-known discrete-time power control algorithms can be reformulated into simple continuous-time dynamic equations in the logarithmic scale. A ‘surrogate derivative’ model yields the continuous-time system dynamics for each local user. It reveals that many of the most popular and powerful existing power control update laws can actually be comprehended as the discrete-time versions of the standard continuous-time control strategies. The continuous-time dynamic system formulation provides a new avenue to the uplink power control designs for wireless networks such that many existing useful control methodologies can be directly employed for solving the SIR-based wireless communication power control problems. Yates' power convergence conditions for the distributed power control (DPC), originally given for the discrete-time power control updates, are also presented in the continuous-time framework in this paper. We have shown that CDMA 2000 (IS-95) standard for mobile power updates uses a sliding mode control technique, and that the DPC algorithm is based on a linear state feedback control law.
{"title":"Unified continuous- and discrete-time uplink power control problem formulation for SIR-based wireless networks","authors":"W. Su, Bo-Hwan Jung, Sheng-Yueh Chang, Z. Gajic","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850295","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear, multiplicative form of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) function can be put in the linear, additive form by representing the SIR function in the logarithmic scale. Most of the well-known discrete-time power control algorithms can be reformulated into simple continuous-time dynamic equations in the logarithmic scale. A ‘surrogate derivative’ model yields the continuous-time system dynamics for each local user. It reveals that many of the most popular and powerful existing power control update laws can actually be comprehended as the discrete-time versions of the standard continuous-time control strategies. The continuous-time dynamic system formulation provides a new avenue to the uplink power control designs for wireless networks such that many existing useful control methodologies can be directly employed for solving the SIR-based wireless communication power control problems. Yates' power convergence conditions for the distributed power control (DPC), originally given for the discrete-time power control updates, are also presented in the continuous-time framework in this paper. We have shown that CDMA 2000 (IS-95) standard for mobile power updates uses a sliding mode control technique, and that the DPC algorithm is based on a linear state feedback control law.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126064686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-30DOI: 10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850300
S. A. Mousavifar, T. Khattab, C. Leung
Two algorithms based on an energy conserving dynamic transmit power threshold are proposed for improving the lifetime in relay networks utilizing selective relay strategies with Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relays. the lifetime of the relay network is defined as the maximum number of successfully received messages satisfying a desired SNR at the destination under probability of outage constraints. In the first algorithm, the predicted outage probability, calculated based on the energy conserving dynamic threshold, is constrained at each transmission. In this case, when the number of relays is large, the improvement is substantial. As the number of relays decreases, the method improves the lifetime under the condition of high initial energy levels at the relays. In the second method, targeting applications which are not sensitive to the distribution of outage throughout the lifetime of the relay network, the predicted probability of outage, calculated based on laws-of-physics limitations only, is constrained at each transmission. Using the second method, greater lifetime improvements are achieved and average outage constraints are maintained at the expense of a few instantaneous outage probability violations. Both algorithms are implemented in conjunction with previously proposed energy greedy relay selection strategies such as Minimum Power Transmission (MPT), Maximum Residual Energy (MRE), Minimum Energy Index (MEI), and Maximum Outage Probability (MOP).
{"title":"A predictive strategy for lifetime maximization in selective relay networks","authors":"S. A. Mousavifar, T. Khattab, C. Leung","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850300","url":null,"abstract":"Two algorithms based on an energy conserving dynamic transmit power threshold are proposed for improving the lifetime in relay networks utilizing selective relay strategies with Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relays. the lifetime of the relay network is defined as the maximum number of successfully received messages satisfying a desired SNR at the destination under probability of outage constraints. In the first algorithm, the predicted outage probability, calculated based on the energy conserving dynamic threshold, is constrained at each transmission. In this case, when the number of relays is large, the improvement is substantial. As the number of relays decreases, the method improves the lifetime under the condition of high initial energy levels at the relays. In the second method, targeting applications which are not sensitive to the distribution of outage throughout the lifetime of the relay network, the predicted probability of outage, calculated based on laws-of-physics limitations only, is constrained at each transmission. Using the second method, greater lifetime improvements are achieved and average outage constraints are maintained at the expense of a few instantaneous outage probability violations. Both algorithms are implemented in conjunction with previously proposed energy greedy relay selection strategies such as Minimum Power Transmission (MPT), Maximum Residual Energy (MRE), Minimum Energy Index (MEI), and Maximum Outage Probability (MOP).","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125326265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-30DOI: 10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850283
Peng Zhang, Yu-dong Yao, Erum Fajanda, H. Moore, Hardev Singh
Impulse radiating antennas (IRAs) are designed for radiating high voltage electromagnetic pulses. A four-arm parabolic reflector IRA is one of the most widly used IRAs for its strong boresight radiation field and high directivity. This paper investigates IRA models using software simulation developed based on the Method of Moment (MoM). The models are validated through comparisons with available theoretical and measurement results. Based on the IRA models, three types of radiation arm structures, wire, coplanar plate and bi-conical, are studied. This is to exam the impact of the radiation arm structures on the reflector IRAs. The results indicate that the coplanar plate arm IRA provides better antenna gain and radiation field performance in the frequency and time domain than the wire arm IRA, and the bi-conical arm IRA, similarly, performs better than the coplanar plate arm IRA.
{"title":"Impacts of different arm structures of reflector IRA: Wire, coplanar plate, and bi-conical arms","authors":"Peng Zhang, Yu-dong Yao, Erum Fajanda, H. Moore, Hardev Singh","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850283","url":null,"abstract":"Impulse radiating antennas (IRAs) are designed for radiating high voltage electromagnetic pulses. A four-arm parabolic reflector IRA is one of the most widly used IRAs for its strong boresight radiation field and high directivity. This paper investigates IRA models using software simulation developed based on the Method of Moment (MoM). The models are validated through comparisons with available theoretical and measurement results. Based on the IRA models, three types of radiation arm structures, wire, coplanar plate and bi-conical, are studied. This is to exam the impact of the radiation arm structures on the reflector IRAs. The results indicate that the coplanar plate arm IRA provides better antenna gain and radiation field performance in the frequency and time domain than the wire arm IRA, and the bi-conical arm IRA, similarly, performs better than the coplanar plate arm IRA.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122892945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-30DOI: 10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850330
Mario Baldi, Andrea Baldini, Niccolo Cascarano, Fulvio Risso
This paper presents a novel approach in traffic classification that is based on the identification of the service that generates the traffic. This method is, in some sense, orthogonal to current approaches and it can be used as an efficient complement to existing methods to reduce computation and memory requirements. Experimental results on real traffic confirm that this method is extremely effective and may improve considerably the accuracy of traffic classification, while it is suitable to a large number of applications.
{"title":"Service-based traffic classification: Principles and validation","authors":"Mario Baldi, Andrea Baldini, Niccolo Cascarano, Fulvio Risso","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850330","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel approach in traffic classification that is based on the identification of the service that generates the traffic. This method is, in some sense, orthogonal to current approaches and it can be used as an efficient complement to existing methods to reduce computation and memory requirements. Experimental results on real traffic confirm that this method is extremely effective and may improve considerably the accuracy of traffic classification, while it is suitable to a large number of applications.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116486996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-30DOI: 10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850346
S. Ghavami, H. Alikhanian, B. Abolhassani, H. Saligheh Rad
In this paper, a two phase algorithm is proposed for both blind synchronization and data sequence estimation of all users without any prior knowledge about spreading sequences in asynchronous unequal power multi-user direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) systems. In the first phase, for blind synchronization, an eigenvalue variation (EV) based method is proposed, which uses all estimated eigenvalues related to signal, which are discriminated from noise eigenvalues by a threshold. In this paper, is shown EV to be a powerful tool for blind synchronization in eavesdropping scenarios in which unequal power signals are received from users. In the second phase, for blind data sequence estimation of all users, a variable step-size independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm based on negentropy maximization of active users is proposed using subspace as a preprocessing step. There is no need to know any spreading sequences for data estimation of users. Computer simulations confirm much better performance by the proposed algorithm at the cost of some more complexity compared with that of using only a pure subspace algorithm. Moreover, we compare the performance of the proposed blind synchronization with that of a successive blind synchronization, and we show that the proposed method is much faster.
{"title":"Blind multiuser data estimation in asynchronous and unequal power DS-SS systems without any prior knowledge of spreading sequences","authors":"S. Ghavami, H. Alikhanian, B. Abolhassani, H. Saligheh Rad","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850346","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a two phase algorithm is proposed for both blind synchronization and data sequence estimation of all users without any prior knowledge about spreading sequences in asynchronous unequal power multi-user direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) systems. In the first phase, for blind synchronization, an eigenvalue variation (EV) based method is proposed, which uses all estimated eigenvalues related to signal, which are discriminated from noise eigenvalues by a threshold. In this paper, is shown EV to be a powerful tool for blind synchronization in eavesdropping scenarios in which unequal power signals are received from users. In the second phase, for blind data sequence estimation of all users, a variable step-size independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm based on negentropy maximization of active users is proposed using subspace as a preprocessing step. There is no need to know any spreading sequences for data estimation of users. Computer simulations confirm much better performance by the proposed algorithm at the cost of some more complexity compared with that of using only a pure subspace algorithm. Moreover, we compare the performance of the proposed blind synchronization with that of a successive blind synchronization, and we show that the proposed method is much faster.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126262929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-30DOI: 10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850297
Hyunju Kim, Eonpyo Hong, Seungwook Min, D. Har
Vestigial sideband (VSB) digital TV (DTV) systems do not show good performance in indoor environment or in motion, because they have difficulties in carrier recovery. In this paper, a pulse-pair method is proposed as a new carrier frequency recovery scheme for 8-VSB DTV systems. For estimating the desired frequency offset, the pulse-pair method uses the stochastic characteristics of the autocorrelation of the received 8-VSB pilot signal extracted by pilot extraction filters. Simulation results of the proposed scheme demonstrate that its acquisition range is ±250 kHz and the acquisition time averaged 3.8 ms in fading channels.
{"title":"Carrier frequency synchronization based on pulse-pair method for 8-VSB DTV systems","authors":"Hyunju Kim, Eonpyo Hong, Seungwook Min, D. Har","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850297","url":null,"abstract":"Vestigial sideband (VSB) digital TV (DTV) systems do not show good performance in indoor environment or in motion, because they have difficulties in carrier recovery. In this paper, a pulse-pair method is proposed as a new carrier frequency recovery scheme for 8-VSB DTV systems. For estimating the desired frequency offset, the pulse-pair method uses the stochastic characteristics of the autocorrelation of the received 8-VSB pilot signal extracted by pilot extraction filters. Simulation results of the proposed scheme demonstrate that its acquisition range is ±250 kHz and the acquisition time averaged 3.8 ms in fading channels.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"PP 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126561156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-30DOI: 10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850352
Mingfu Li, Chia-Rong Chang
Multimedia streaming applications have been increasing significantly due to the rapid growth of broadband access networks. Among the latest real-time streaming technologies, the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) which is a layered coding scheme attracts more attention. The SVC encodes an original video into several streaming layers of different bit rates simultaneously. Thus, clients can subscribe a part of the coded layers of SVC video according to their available bandwidth, which should be measured by a bandwidth estimation methodology. Additionally, in SVC clients can augment or abate the number of subscribed streaming layers to fit the time-varying bandwidth during viewing programs. In this paper1, we exploit the concepts of Traceroute and ICMP timestamps to design a two-way available bandwidth estimation mechanism which is never presented in literature. The proposed scheme can infer the available bandwidth of both uplink and downlink paths, and is feasible to the paths with multiple tight links. Hence, it is specially applicable to the multimedia streaming applications adopting SVC. Numerical results show that the presented bandwidth estimation approach can achieve good accuracy.
由于宽带接入网络的快速发展，多媒体流媒体应用得到了显著的发展。在最新的实时流媒体技术中，可扩展视频编码(Scalable Video Coding, SVC)作为一种分层编码方案备受关注。SVC将一个原始视频同时编码成几个不同比特率的流媒体层。因此，客户端可以根据可用带宽订阅SVC视频的一部分编码层，可用带宽应该通过带宽估计方法来测量。此外，在SVC中，客户端可以增加或减少订阅的流层的数量，以适应观看节目期间随时间变化的带宽。在本文中，我们利用Traceroute和ICMP时间戳的概念设计了一种双向可用带宽估计机制，这在文献中从未提出过。该方案能同时推断出上行链路和下行链路的可用带宽，适用于有多条紧密链路的路径。因此，它特别适用于采用SVC的多媒体流媒体应用。数值计算结果表明，所提出的带宽估计方法具有较好的精度。
{"title":"A two-way available bandwidth estimation scheme for multimedia streaming networks adopting Scalable Video Coding","authors":"Mingfu Li, Chia-Rong Chang","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850352","url":null,"abstract":"Multimedia streaming applications have been increasing significantly due to the rapid growth of broadband access networks. Among the latest real-time streaming technologies, the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) which is a layered coding scheme attracts more attention. The SVC encodes an original video into several streaming layers of different bit rates simultaneously. Thus, clients can subscribe a part of the coded layers of SVC video according to their available bandwidth, which should be measured by a bandwidth estimation methodology. Additionally, in SVC clients can augment or abate the number of subscribed streaming layers to fit the time-varying bandwidth during viewing programs. In this paper1, we exploit the concepts of Traceroute and ICMP timestamps to design a two-way available bandwidth estimation mechanism which is never presented in literature. The proposed scheme can infer the available bandwidth of both uplink and downlink paths, and is feasible to the paths with multiple tight links. Hence, it is specially applicable to the multimedia streaming applications adopting SVC. Numerical results show that the presented bandwidth estimation approach can achieve good accuracy.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"26-27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132362801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：