Background: The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are becoming a significant cause of concern for society and healthcare systems. This study determined the variety of symptoms short and long-term after recovery from COVID-19 infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 100 subjects followed for 2 years, all COVID-19 infection survivors (RT-PCR positive), 18 years and above were recruited. Participants were examined and screened with WHO post-COVID assessment criteria for post-acute (>2 weeks) and long-term (>4 weeks) symptoms that lingered on post-recovery of acute illness. Chi-square was used for the association with the outcome variable with p-value < 0.05 was significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 37.8+10.3 years with the majority 55% being men. There was complete resolution of symptoms in 86% whereas 14% had lingering symptoms post-COVID (p=0.549). The most common severe symptoms in the post-acute phase (after 2 weeks) in COVID recoveries were fatigue, myalgias followed by anosmia and ageusia. Persistent long-term (after 4 weeks) presentations in the COVID survivors were cardiac and neurological complications such as CAD (coronary artery disease) and Bell’s palsy followed by long-term fatigue/generalized weakness and dizziness. Mental health sequelae post covid, most subjects had insomnia (27%) and amnesia (27%) followed by anxiety (20%), depression (14%), and brain fogging (12%) (p-value 0.347). Conclusion: The majority of COVID-19 survivors achieved complete symptom resolution, with only 14% experiencing lingering symptoms. These findings contribute to our understanding of the diverse and complex manifestations of COVID-19 recovery but highlight the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
{"title":"Post COVID-19 Syndrome: Assessment of Short- and Long-Term Post-Recovery Manifestations Among Pakistani Community","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-4/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-4/006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are becoming a significant cause of concern for society and healthcare systems. This study determined the variety of symptoms short and long-term after recovery from COVID-19 infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 100 subjects followed for 2 years, all COVID-19 infection survivors (RT-PCR positive), 18 years and above were recruited. Participants were examined and screened with WHO post-COVID assessment criteria for post-acute (>2 weeks) and long-term (>4 weeks) symptoms that lingered on post-recovery of acute illness. Chi-square was used for the association with the outcome variable with p-value < 0.05 was significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 37.8+10.3 years with the majority 55% being men. There was complete resolution of symptoms in 86% whereas 14% had lingering symptoms post-COVID (p=0.549). The most common severe symptoms in the post-acute phase (after 2 weeks) in COVID recoveries were fatigue, myalgias followed by anosmia and ageusia. Persistent long-term (after 4 weeks) presentations in the COVID survivors were cardiac and neurological complications such as CAD (coronary artery disease) and Bell’s palsy followed by long-term fatigue/generalized weakness and dizziness. Mental health sequelae post covid, most subjects had insomnia (27%) and amnesia (27%) followed by anxiety (20%), depression (14%), and brain fogging (12%) (p-value 0.347). Conclusion: The majority of COVID-19 survivors achieved complete symptom resolution, with only 14% experiencing lingering symptoms. These findings contribute to our understanding of the diverse and complex manifestations of COVID-19 recovery but highlight the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer continues to be a global health challenge, and gastrointestinal malignancies significantly burden healthcare systems worldwide, including in Pakistan. Among the various treatment options available for gastrointestinal cancers, capecitabine, an oral chemotherapeutic agent, has shown promising results. However, its effectiveness comes with a potential side effect that poses a considerable challenge to both patients and healthcare providers - capecitabine-induced diarrhea. In the context of Pakistan's healthcare landscape, where access to specialized cancer care can be limited, addressing this issue becomes a critical aspect of ensuring better patient outcomes.
{"title":"Capecitabine and the Bowel Battle: Addressing Diarrhea in Gastrointestinal Cancers - A Pakistan Perspective","authors":"","doi":"10.36283//pjmd12-4/001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283//pjmd12-4/001","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer continues to be a global health challenge, and gastrointestinal malignancies significantly burden healthcare systems worldwide, including in Pakistan. Among the various treatment options available for gastrointestinal cancers, capecitabine, an oral chemotherapeutic agent, has shown promising results. However, its effectiveness comes with a potential side effect that poses a considerable challenge to both patients and healthcare providers - capecitabine-induced diarrhea. In the context of Pakistan's healthcare landscape, where access to specialized cancer care can be limited, addressing this issue becomes a critical aspect of ensuring better patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chitral, found in the mountains of the Hindu Kush is a landlocked area. It faces numerous health problems which are exacerbated by its geography, the harsh climate, and lack of both healthcare infrastructure and professionals1. Data are scarce on health-related outcomes for Chitral, which results in challenges when forming targeted and effective health policies2.
{"title":"Scalpel and Scenery: A Surgical Camp Experience in the Valleys of Chitral","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-4/018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-4/018","url":null,"abstract":"Chitral, found in the mountains of the Hindu Kush is a landlocked area. It faces numerous health problems which are exacerbated by its geography, the harsh climate, and lack of both healthcare infrastructure and professionals1. Data are scarce on health-related outcomes for Chitral, which results in challenges when forming targeted and effective health policies2.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Inguinal hernioplasty, also called Lichtenstein repair, is a common surgical procedure for inguinal hernia which can lead to chronic groin pain. Local anesthetic blocks combined with corticosteroids like lidocaine and triamcinolone have been used for post-operative pain management. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of lidocaine with triamcinolone acetonide versus lidocaine alone for chronic pain management in patients who underwent inguinal hernioplasty. Methods: A randomized control trial study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Kulsoom Bai Valika Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from June 2022 to June 2023. The study included patients undergoing inguinal hernioplasty who were over 18 years of age. Group 1 (n=75) received a combination of lidocaine with triamcinolone acetonide, while group 2 (n=75) received lidocaine alone. Pain levels were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) during 1st week, 1st month, and 3rd month after the surgery. Results: In group 1, the incidence of pain in the 1st week was 25%, significantly lower than the 41.3% in group 2 (p=0.024). The risk ratio (RR) was 0.65 (95% CI=0.43-0.97, p=0.037). In the 1st month, group 1 had a 13.3% incidence of pain compared to 29.3% in group 2 (p=0.017), with an RR of 0.56 (95% CI=0.33-0.97). Similarly, in the 3rd month, group 1 had a 9.3% incidence of pain compared to 22.7% in group 2 (p=0.026), with an RR of 0.48 (95% CI=0.23-0.97). Conclusion: Lidocaine with triamcinolone acetonide is an effective approach for managing chronic postoperative pain in inguinal hernioplasty.
{"title":"Role of Injection Lidocaine with and without Triamcinolone Acetonide in the Management of Chronic Pain in Post-Operative Inguinal Hernioplasty","authors":"","doi":"10.36283//pjmd12-4/007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283//pjmd12-4/007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Inguinal hernioplasty, also called Lichtenstein repair, is a common surgical procedure for inguinal hernia which can lead to chronic groin pain. Local anesthetic blocks combined with corticosteroids like lidocaine and triamcinolone have been used for post-operative pain management. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of lidocaine with triamcinolone acetonide versus lidocaine alone for chronic pain management in patients who underwent inguinal hernioplasty. Methods: A randomized control trial study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Kulsoom Bai Valika Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from June 2022 to June 2023. The study included patients undergoing inguinal hernioplasty who were over 18 years of age. Group 1 (n=75) received a combination of lidocaine with triamcinolone acetonide, while group 2 (n=75) received lidocaine alone. Pain levels were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) during 1st week, 1st month, and 3rd month after the surgery. Results: In group 1, the incidence of pain in the 1st week was 25%, significantly lower than the 41.3% in group 2 (p=0.024). The risk ratio (RR) was 0.65 (95% CI=0.43-0.97, p=0.037). In the 1st month, group 1 had a 13.3% incidence of pain compared to 29.3% in group 2 (p=0.017), with an RR of 0.56 (95% CI=0.33-0.97). Similarly, in the 3rd month, group 1 had a 9.3% incidence of pain compared to 22.7% in group 2 (p=0.026), with an RR of 0.48 (95% CI=0.23-0.97). Conclusion: Lidocaine with triamcinolone acetonide is an effective approach for managing chronic postoperative pain in inguinal hernioplasty.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"169 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The incorporation of certain antimicrobial materials is an effective way to prevent early carious lesions. The additive effect of improving hygiene habits and using antimicrobial toothpaste for brushing can lead to the prevention of tooth decay. This study aimed to check the anti-cariogenic activity against Streptococcus mutants and Lactobacillus. acidophilus of six commercially available toothpaste using the Agar well diffusion method. Methods: The antimicrobial efficacy of different dentifrices was determined using the modified agar well diffusion method. Each dentifrice was separately plated in triplicates and the experiment was repeated thrice. Agar plates were inoculated with 20uL of 24h broth cultures of each bacterial isolate, 0.2mL of the respective dentifrice was introduced into each of the three wells and distilled water was introduced into the last well as control. The plates were incubated at 37 o C for 48 hours. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical package, SPSS, by applying one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tuckey test. Results: All the experimental toothpaste groups being tested in this study presented antimicrobial activity against both bacterial pathogens, however, each differed in its efficacy. Comparison between different groups displayed significant results (p-value < 0.001). Among all the groups, Doctor’s toothpaste showed the highest antimicrobial activity (Mean + SD) (34.16 +1.47) against S. mutans whereas the Paradontax showed the minimalist antimicrobial activity (12.3 + 5.2). Conclusion: Doctors' toothpaste showed the best anti-bacterial effect against both bacteria, while Paradontax showed the least activity.
{"title":"A Comparative Antimicrobial Analysis of Commercially Available Toothpaste; An In-Vitro Study","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-4/009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-4/009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incorporation of certain antimicrobial materials is an effective way to prevent early carious lesions. The additive effect of improving hygiene habits and using antimicrobial toothpaste for brushing can lead to the prevention of tooth decay. This study aimed to check the anti-cariogenic activity against Streptococcus mutants and Lactobacillus. acidophilus of six commercially available toothpaste using the Agar well diffusion method. Methods: The antimicrobial efficacy of different dentifrices was determined using the modified agar well diffusion method. Each dentifrice was separately plated in triplicates and the experiment was repeated thrice. Agar plates were inoculated with 20uL of 24h broth cultures of each bacterial isolate, 0.2mL of the respective dentifrice was introduced into each of the three wells and distilled water was introduced into the last well as control. The plates were incubated at 37 o C for 48 hours. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical package, SPSS, by applying one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tuckey test. Results: All the experimental toothpaste groups being tested in this study presented antimicrobial activity against both bacterial pathogens, however, each differed in its efficacy. Comparison between different groups displayed significant results (p-value < 0.001). Among all the groups, Doctor’s toothpaste showed the highest antimicrobial activity (Mean + SD) (34.16 +1.47) against S. mutans whereas the Paradontax showed the minimalist antimicrobial activity (12.3 + 5.2). Conclusion: Doctors' toothpaste showed the best anti-bacterial effect against both bacteria, while Paradontax showed the least activity.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Variance in anatomical morphology is influenced by the axial inclination of the tooth. When looking at the axial tilt of the crown, it's common to assume that it follows the same axis as the root. This study aims to use Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to determine the root angulation correlation in maxillary central incisors. Methods: This cross-sectional observational research was performed at Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS). The CBCT scans of patients who matched the inclusion criteria were done by skilled radiography technicians and primary investigators on ROTOGRAPH EVO 3D. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was utilized to examine the Root Angulation (RA) with different root positions. p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: This study examined n=152 CBCT images. Mean age was 27.2 + 5.9 years, with 32(42.1%) men and 44(44.1%) females. Buccal subtype I was most prevalent (59, 38.8%) in maxillary central incisors, while buccal subtype III was least common (5, 3.3%). The root angulations varied significantly between root location classifications (p=0.007). These were intermediate root location (14.9 2.6 degrees) and buccal subtype III (14.28 2.25 degrees). The palatal root type had the least angle (3.73 1.5 degrees). Conclusion: The buccal root position was shown to be the most common root location. Buccal subtype I was by far the most common. Buccal subtype III and middle root location had the maximum root angle. The palatal root position had the smallest angle.
背景：解剖形态的差异受牙齿轴向倾斜度的影响。观察牙冠的轴向倾斜度时，人们通常认为它与牙根的轴向相同。本研究旨在使用锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）确定上颌中切牙的牙根角度相关性。 研究方法这项横断面观察研究在美国陶氏健康科学大学（DUHS）进行。符合纳入标准的患者的 CBCT 扫描由熟练的放射技师和主要研究人员在 ROTOGRAPH EVO 3D 上完成。统计分析采用单因素方差分析来检验不同牙根位置的牙根角度（RA）。 结果本研究共检查了 152 张 CBCT 图像。平均年龄为 27.2 + 5.9 岁，男性 32 人（42.1%），女性 44 人（44.1%）。在上颌中切牙中，颊面亚型 I 最常见（59颗，38.8%），而颊面亚型 III 最不常见（5颗，3.3%）。不同牙根位置分类的牙根角度差异很大（P=0.007）。中间根位（14.9 2.6 度）和颊亚型 III（14.28 2.25 度）。腭根类型的角度最小（3.73 1.5 度）。 结论颊根位置是最常见的牙根位置。颊亚型 I 是最常见的。颊亚型 III 和中间牙根位置的牙根角度最大。腭根位置的角度最小。
{"title":"Analysis of Root Angulation of Maxillary Central Incisor Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-4/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-4/005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Variance in anatomical morphology is influenced by the axial inclination of the tooth. When looking at the axial tilt of the crown, it's common to assume that it follows the same axis as the root. This study aims to use Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to determine the root angulation correlation in maxillary central incisors. Methods: This cross-sectional observational research was performed at Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS). The CBCT scans of patients who matched the inclusion criteria were done by skilled radiography technicians and primary investigators on ROTOGRAPH EVO 3D. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was utilized to examine the Root Angulation (RA) with different root positions. p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: This study examined n=152 CBCT images. Mean age was 27.2 + 5.9 years, with 32(42.1%) men and 44(44.1%) females. Buccal subtype I was most prevalent (59, 38.8%) in maxillary central incisors, while buccal subtype III was least common (5, 3.3%). The root angulations varied significantly between root location classifications (p=0.007). These were intermediate root location (14.9 2.6 degrees) and buccal subtype III (14.28 2.25 degrees). The palatal root type had the least angle (3.73 1.5 degrees). Conclusion: The buccal root position was shown to be the most common root location. Buccal subtype I was by far the most common. Buccal subtype III and middle root location had the maximum root angle. The palatal root position had the smallest angle.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sustained poor hyperglycemic control is devastating to oral mucosa that needs top-notch care of oral health. The study aimed to assess the strength of knowledge, attitude, and practices of oral health in diabetic patients, and its associated demographic factors. Methods: This study was carried out on diabetic patients who came into the Endocrine OPD of Patel Hospital in Karachi. The study was conducted on 363 patients for more than a year. Genders with age greater than 18 years and had at least one natural tooth, were included. The study was analyzed by SPSS software version 21, applying the Mann-Whitney U Test and the Kruskal-Wallis test for categorical variables and mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practices. Results: In our study, 64.2% were females with a median age of 56 years. The education level was 20.7%, 23.7%, 19.8%, and 37.5% tertiary, secondary, primary, and formal, respectively. The socioeconomic status was 21%, 57%, and 22%, were belonging to low, middle, and upper, respectively. The age of participants was found weak but positively correlated with knowledge (r= −0.108, p =0.040*) and negatively correlated with attitude (r= -0.004, p= 0.946. Employment status and anti-diabetic therapy had an insignificant association with knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding oral health in diabetic patients (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The diabetic patients had adequate knowledge regarding oral health but poor attitudes and practices. They are at risk of developing oral health complications; however, it is the responsibility of physicians and dental health professionals to counsel them.
{"title":"Poor Oral Health Care Practices by Diabetic Patients","authors":"","doi":"10.36283//pjmd12-4/008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283//pjmd12-4/008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sustained poor hyperglycemic control is devastating to oral mucosa that needs top-notch care of oral health. The study aimed to assess the strength of knowledge, attitude, and practices of oral health in diabetic patients, and its associated demographic factors. Methods: This study was carried out on diabetic patients who came into the Endocrine OPD of Patel Hospital in Karachi. The study was conducted on 363 patients for more than a year. Genders with age greater than 18 years and had at least one natural tooth, were included. The study was analyzed by SPSS software version 21, applying the Mann-Whitney U Test and the Kruskal-Wallis test for categorical variables and mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practices. Results: In our study, 64.2% were females with a median age of 56 years. The education level was 20.7%, 23.7%, 19.8%, and 37.5% tertiary, secondary, primary, and formal, respectively. The socioeconomic status was 21%, 57%, and 22%, were belonging to low, middle, and upper, respectively. The age of participants was found weak but positively correlated with knowledge (r= −0.108, p =0.040*) and negatively correlated with attitude (r= -0.004, p= 0.946. Employment status and anti-diabetic therapy had an insignificant association with knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding oral health in diabetic patients (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The diabetic patients had adequate knowledge regarding oral health but poor attitudes and practices. They are at risk of developing oral health complications; however, it is the responsibility of physicians and dental health professionals to counsel them.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cross-infection control is extremely pivotal to halt the propagation of contiguous diseases amongst people as they pose a tremendously increasing disease burden on our health care system. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and adherence to cross-infection control measures among dental students in public and private institutions in Karachi. Methods: This descriptive study was performed among dental students of public and private sector dental colleges in Karachi from January 2020 – February 2020. The questionnaire assessed the knowledge and adherence of dental students toward cross-infection control protocols during their clinical rotations. The chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between students’ knowledge and practice of cross-infection control measures. Results: A total of 202 students participated in this study. The students demonstrated adequate knowledge of cross-infection control measures. However, the practice of wearing gloves was positive (98%) in contrast to the use of masks (79%), gowns (46%), and eyewear (13%). A statistically significant relation was seen in their knowledge and attitude toward hand hygiene. The immunization status of students from both government (72%) and private (88%) sectors raised concerns. Although students demonstrated good practice of measures to avoid transmission of contagious diseases (p=<0.001) apart from the use of environmental barrier (36%) (p=0.047) and disinfection (37%) of the working surface. Conclusion: The overall knowledge of cross-infection control was satisfactory among dental students. Efforts are needed to improve the degree of compliance with recognized policies for improving the attitude of students regarding cross-infection measures.
{"title":"Assessing the Knowledge and Adherence of Dental Students to Cross-Infection Control Measures","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-4/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-4/004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cross-infection control is extremely pivotal to halt the propagation of contiguous diseases amongst people as they pose a tremendously increasing disease burden on our health care system. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and adherence to cross-infection control measures among dental students in public and private institutions in Karachi. Methods: This descriptive study was performed among dental students of public and private sector dental colleges in Karachi from January 2020 – February 2020. The questionnaire assessed the knowledge and adherence of dental students toward cross-infection control protocols during their clinical rotations. The chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between students’ knowledge and practice of cross-infection control measures. Results: A total of 202 students participated in this study. The students demonstrated adequate knowledge of cross-infection control measures. However, the practice of wearing gloves was positive (98%) in contrast to the use of masks (79%), gowns (46%), and eyewear (13%). A statistically significant relation was seen in their knowledge and attitude toward hand hygiene. The immunization status of students from both government (72%) and private (88%) sectors raised concerns. Although students demonstrated good practice of measures to avoid transmission of contagious diseases (p=<0.001) apart from the use of environmental barrier (36%) (p=0.047) and disinfection (37%) of the working surface. Conclusion: The overall knowledge of cross-infection control was satisfactory among dental students. Efforts are needed to improve the degree of compliance with recognized policies for improving the attitude of students regarding cross-infection measures.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"293 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive malignant diseases, rarely, pancreatic lymphomas are diagnosed. The final diagnosis of primary pancreatic lymphoma demands histopathology of the lesion; however, radiological features and tumor markers can help to give an idea about the disease. The most important difference between primary pancreatic lymphomas and pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the different treatment modalities the response to treatment and finally good prognosis in primary pancreatic lymphoma cases. Clinically it is difficult to differentiate the symptoms of primary pancreatic lymphomas from other carcinomas of the pancreas. Rarely patients may experience B- symptoms of lymphomas that are night sweats and fever in the case of primary pancreatic lymphomas.
胰腺腺癌是最具侵袭性的恶性疾病之一，胰腺淋巴瘤很少被诊断出来。原发性胰腺淋巴瘤的最终诊断需要对病变进行组织病理学检查，但放射学特征和肿瘤标志物也有助于了解病情。原发性胰腺淋巴瘤与胰腺腺癌最重要的区别在于治疗方式的不同、对治疗的反应以及原发性胰腺淋巴瘤良好的预后。临床上很难将原发性胰腺淋巴瘤的症状与其他胰腺癌区分开来。原发性胰腺淋巴瘤患者很少会出现淋巴瘤的 B 型症状，即盗汗和发热。
{"title":"Primary Pancreatic Lymphoma: A Rare Clinical Entity","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-4/017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-4/017","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive malignant diseases, rarely, pancreatic lymphomas are diagnosed. The final diagnosis of primary pancreatic lymphoma demands histopathology of the lesion; however, radiological features and tumor markers can help to give an idea about the disease. The most important difference between primary pancreatic lymphomas and pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the different treatment modalities the response to treatment and finally good prognosis in primary pancreatic lymphoma cases. Clinically it is difficult to differentiate the symptoms of primary pancreatic lymphomas from other carcinomas of the pancreas. Rarely patients may experience B- symptoms of lymphomas that are night sweats and fever in the case of primary pancreatic lymphomas.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Diarrhea is known to be the major factor causing morbidity and mortality, especially among pediatric age groups globally. This study was done to assess the knowledge of caretakers regarding the use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) in children with acute diarrhea. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan, from February 2023 to July 2023. We analyzed caretakers of children aged 1-12 years who presented with acute diarrhea that had less than 14 days of duration. Both male and female caretakers, with ages ranging from 25 to 50 years, were included. Knowledge of the formulation of ORS, the process of its preparation, and usage were asked. Participants describing all correct answers about the formulation, preparation, and use of ORS were considered as having knowledge of ORS. Effect modifiers were stratified, and applying the post-stratification chi-square test, their effects on outcome were observed. A p-value≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: In a total of 240 study participants, the mean age of caretakers was 36.01±8.08 years. There were 23 (9.6%) male and 217 (90.4%) female caretakers. Among caretakers, 79 (32.9%) had knowledge of ORS while 161 (67.1%) did not know ORS. A statistically significant association of knowledge about ORS was found with residential status (p<0.001), socio-economic status (p<0.001), and source of drinking water (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study found that among caretakers of children having acute diarrhea, there was a lack of knowledge regarding ORS use, formulation, and preparation.
{"title":"Knowledge of Caretakers about the Use of Oral Rehydration Solutions in Children with Acute Diarrhea","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-4/011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-4/011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diarrhea is known to be the major factor causing morbidity and mortality, especially among pediatric age groups globally. This study was done to assess the knowledge of caretakers regarding the use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) in children with acute diarrhea. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan, from February 2023 to July 2023. We analyzed caretakers of children aged 1-12 years who presented with acute diarrhea that had less than 14 days of duration. Both male and female caretakers, with ages ranging from 25 to 50 years, were included. Knowledge of the formulation of ORS, the process of its preparation, and usage were asked. Participants describing all correct answers about the formulation, preparation, and use of ORS were considered as having knowledge of ORS. Effect modifiers were stratified, and applying the post-stratification chi-square test, their effects on outcome were observed. A p-value≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: In a total of 240 study participants, the mean age of caretakers was 36.01±8.08 years. There were 23 (9.6%) male and 217 (90.4%) female caretakers. Among caretakers, 79 (32.9%) had knowledge of ORS while 161 (67.1%) did not know ORS. A statistically significant association of knowledge about ORS was found with residential status (p<0.001), socio-economic status (p<0.001), and source of drinking water (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study found that among caretakers of children having acute diarrhea, there was a lack of knowledge regarding ORS use, formulation, and preparation.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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