Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501747021.003.0008
Amy Zhang
This chapter follows Dr. Wu in his work to devise a solution for organic waste treatment using insects. By examining the tension between China's urban development and the sustainable treatment of organic waste, the chapter argues that China's project to institute a green modernity increasingly shows a preference for scientific solutions that address local conditions. This preference is in stark contrast to previous policies and approaches under which Chinese cities, for example, pushed for the adoption of imported waste management technologies and, in the case of organic waste, expelled the animals that served as a de facto waste management system. The chapter also highlights the longer historical traditions and practices that buttress the development of technology. China has a specific history of using insects as a tool and resource and has also focused on biological pest control in domestic entomological research. As a waste management technology, the Black Soldier Fly project creates a new use for insects while simultaneously generating increased interspecies dependencies between insects and humans.
{"title":"The Black Soldier Fly","authors":"Amy Zhang","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501747021.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747021.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter follows Dr. Wu in his work to devise a solution for organic waste treatment using insects. By examining the tension between China's urban development and the sustainable treatment of organic waste, the chapter argues that China's project to institute a green modernity increasingly shows a preference for scientific solutions that address local conditions. This preference is in stark contrast to previous policies and approaches under which Chinese cities, for example, pushed for the adoption of imported waste management technologies and, in the case of organic waste, expelled the animals that served as a de facto waste management system. The chapter also highlights the longer historical traditions and practices that buttress the development of technology. China has a specific history of using insects as a tool and resource and has also focused on biological pest control in domestic entomological research. As a waste management technology, the Black Soldier Fly project creates a new use for insects while simultaneously generating increased interspecies dependencies between insects and humans.","PeriodicalId":231423,"journal":{"name":"Can Science and Technology Save China?","volume":"114 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133655242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.1515/9781501747045-012
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501747045-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501747045-012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231423,"journal":{"name":"Can Science and Technology Save China?","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115014384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.1515/9781501747045-013
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501747045-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501747045-013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231423,"journal":{"name":"Can Science and Technology Save China?","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115319316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501747045-002
S. Greenhalgh
{"title":"Introduction: Governing through Science: The Anthropology of Science and Technology in Contemporary China","authors":"S. Greenhalgh","doi":"10.7591/9781501747045-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501747045-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231423,"journal":{"name":"Can Science and Technology Save China?","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127997987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501747045-007
Elizabeth Lord
This chapter starts from the premise that technologies of knowing the environment are molded by broader political and societal contexts. Just as “science” is never singular, but rather an ever-changing product of personal commitments, institutional struggles, and historical legacies, environmental research, data, and methods that are never dryly environmental. It focuses on the production of environmental knowledge as an explicitly political process, one that is in constant conversation with institutional, ideological, and economic forces. Examining environmental knowledge production is important because China's green dream reaches the population unevenly and builds on inequalities to realize itself. The chapter identifies key parameters that regulate rural-environmental research. These include pressures to prioritize economic growth over environmental protection, the commercialization of academia, governmental controls of what is considered acceptable or unacceptable research, as well as limitations on fieldwork access. The chapter also details how economic and political parameters bound environmental research in specific ways.
{"title":"5. China’s Eco-Dream and the Making of Invisibilities in Rural-Environmental Research","authors":"Elizabeth Lord","doi":"10.7591/9781501747045-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501747045-007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter starts from the premise that technologies of knowing the environment are molded by broader political and societal contexts. Just as “science” is never singular, but rather an ever-changing product of personal commitments, institutional struggles, and historical legacies, environmental research, data, and methods that are never dryly environmental. It focuses on the production of environmental knowledge as an explicitly political process, one that is in constant conversation with institutional, ideological, and economic forces. Examining environmental knowledge production is important because China's green dream reaches the population unevenly and builds on inequalities to realize itself. The chapter identifies key parameters that regulate rural-environmental research. These include pressures to prioritize economic growth over environmental protection, the commercialization of academia, governmental controls of what is considered acceptable or unacceptable research, as well as limitations on fieldwork access. The chapter also details how economic and political parameters bound environmental research in specific ways.","PeriodicalId":231423,"journal":{"name":"Can Science and Technology Save China?","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115841404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501747045-010
M. Kohrman
{"title":"8. Unmasking a Gendered Materialism: Air Filtration, Cigarettes, and Domestic Discord in Urban China","authors":"M. Kohrman","doi":"10.7591/9781501747045-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501747045-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231423,"journal":{"name":"Can Science and Technology Save China?","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130996802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501747045-009
Amy Zhang
{"title":"7. The Black Soldier Fly: An Indigenous Innovation for Waste Management in Guangzhou","authors":"Amy Zhang","doi":"10.7591/9781501747045-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501747045-009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231423,"journal":{"name":"Can Science and Technology Save China?","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122653014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501747021.003.0007
S. Greenhalgh
This chapter examines the practice of ethics in the making of Chinese obesity science. A disease in itself and a risk factor for many other diseases, obesity's prevalence is rising rapidly around the world, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to label it one of the greatest public health threats of the century. Obesity is also a pressing concern because the private industry is intensely interested in the condition. Companies in the soda and fast food industries, widely seen as major contributors to the obesity epidemic, have sought to protect their profits from core foods and beverages by reshaping the scientific narrative about the causes of and solutions to the epidemic. The chapter considers the case of a prominent nutritionist and chronic disease specialist, Chen Chunming, who, after decades as a government health researcher and official and facing limited state funding for chronic disease work, in the early 1990s established an NGO-type organization that took the lead in naming and addressing the obesity epidemic in China.
{"title":"The Good Scientist and the Good Multinational","authors":"S. Greenhalgh","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501747021.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747021.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the practice of ethics in the making of Chinese obesity science. A disease in itself and a risk factor for many other diseases, obesity's prevalence is rising rapidly around the world, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to label it one of the greatest public health threats of the century. Obesity is also a pressing concern because the private industry is intensely interested in the condition. Companies in the soda and fast food industries, widely seen as major contributors to the obesity epidemic, have sought to protect their profits from core foods and beverages by reshaping the scientific narrative about the causes of and solutions to the epidemic. The chapter considers the case of a prominent nutritionist and chronic disease specialist, Chen Chunming, who, after decades as a government health researcher and official and facing limited state funding for chronic disease work, in the early 1990s established an NGO-type organization that took the lead in naming and addressing the obesity epidemic in China.","PeriodicalId":231423,"journal":{"name":"Can Science and Technology Save China?","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124336393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501747021.003.0004
P. Song
This chapter examines how urban Chinese neurosurgeons have leveraged fetal cell therapies in order to survive and thrive in a rapidly changing healthcare system. Their experimental practices raise key questions about the ethics and epistemology of clinical experimentation at the “cutting edge” of biomedical practice in contemporary China. It demonstrates how the pursuit of science and technology is not just a strategy for individual triumph but a broader cultural mandate for national salvation, which is described as “technonationalism.” While changes in the financing and organization of healthcare sparked by China's transition to market socialism over the past few decades have enabled and encouraged entrepreneurial physicians to develop advanced therapeutic interventions, these high-tech desires must be situated in a broader Chinese program of scientific and technological modernization. The chapter also takes a closer look at the semiotics by which practitioners and patients recognize medical authenticity and charlatanism.
{"title":"Negotiating Evidence and Efficacy in Experimental Medicine","authors":"P. Song","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501747021.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747021.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how urban Chinese neurosurgeons have leveraged fetal cell therapies in order to survive and thrive in a rapidly changing healthcare system. Their experimental practices raise key questions about the ethics and epistemology of clinical experimentation at the “cutting edge” of biomedical practice in contemporary China. It demonstrates how the pursuit of science and technology is not just a strategy for individual triumph but a broader cultural mandate for national salvation, which is described as “technonationalism.” While changes in the financing and organization of healthcare sparked by China's transition to market socialism over the past few decades have enabled and encouraged entrepreneurial physicians to develop advanced therapeutic interventions, these high-tech desires must be situated in a broader Chinese program of scientific and technological modernization. The chapter also takes a closer look at the semiotics by which practitioners and patients recognize medical authenticity and charlatanism.","PeriodicalId":231423,"journal":{"name":"Can Science and Technology Save China?","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126646118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501747045-008
S. Greenhalgh
{"title":"6. The Good Scientist and the Good Multinational: Managing the Ethics of Industry-Funded Health Science","authors":"S. Greenhalgh","doi":"10.7591/9781501747045-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501747045-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231423,"journal":{"name":"Can Science and Technology Save China?","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126236871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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