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Proceedings of the 2018 Workshop on ns-3最新文献

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Design and implementation of TCP BBR in ns-3 ns-3中TCP BBR的设计与实现
Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.1145/3199902.3199911
Vivek Jain, Viyom Mittal, M. Tahiliani
Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR) is a congestion based congestion control algorithm recently proposed by Google. Although it can be deployed with any transport protocol that supports data delivery acknowledgement, BBR is presently implemented alongside TCP (known as TCP BBR) in Linux kernel since 4.9 and is the default congestion control used in Google Cloud Platform. However, to the best of our knowledge, TCP BBR is not yet supported in popular network simulators such as ns-3. This limitation is a major hindrance in thoroughly studying the benefits of TCP BBR since carrying out large-scale and real-time experimental evaluations is a non-trivial task. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of a new model for TCP BBR in ns-3. We validate the proposed model by performing different sets of simulations to ensure that the model in ns-3 exhibits key characteristics of TCP BBR.
瓶颈带宽和往返传播时间(BBR)是谷歌公司最近提出的一种基于拥塞的拥塞控制算法。虽然它可以与任何支持数据传递确认的传输协议一起部署,但从4.9开始,BBR目前在Linux内核中与TCP(称为TCP BBR)一起实现,并且是Google云平台中使用的默认拥塞控制。然而,据我们所知,TCP BBR尚未在流行的网络模拟器(如ns-3)中得到支持。这一限制是深入研究TCP BBR优势的主要障碍,因为进行大规模和实时的实验评估是一项艰巨的任务。本文讨论了ns-3中TCP BBR新模型的设计与实现。我们通过执行不同的模拟集来验证所提出的模型,以确保ns-3中的模型具有TCP BBR的关键特征。
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引用次数: 13
BBR': an implementation of bottleneck bandwidth and round-trip time congestion control for ns-3 BBR: ns-3的瓶颈带宽和往返时间拥塞控制的实现
Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.1145/3199902.3199903
M. Claypool, J. Chung, Feng Li
The dominant Internet protocol, TCP, does not work as well as it could over the wide-variety of networks facing today's applications. Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip time (BBR) congestion control has been proposed as an improvement, with the promise of higher throughputs and lower delays as compared to other TCP congestion control algorithms. While BBR has been implemented for Linux, unfortunately, there is not yet an implementation for ns-3, a powerful, flexible and popular simulator used for network research. This paper presents BBR', an implementation of BBR for ns-3. BBR' extends ns-3 in a fashion similar to other TCP congestion control algorithms, re-using existing interconnection mechanisms and making BBR' extensible. Preliminary validation shows BBR' behaves and performs similarly to BBR, and preliminary performance evaluation shows BBR' has similar throughputs but significantly lower round-trip times than CUBIC in some wired and 4G LTE wireless scenarios.
占主导地位的互联网协议TCP,在当今应用程序所面对的各种各样的网络上,并没有发挥它应有的作用。瓶颈带宽和往返时间(BBR)拥塞控制已被提出作为一种改进,与其他TCP拥塞控制算法相比,具有更高的吞吐量和更低的延迟。虽然BBR已经在Linux上实现了,但不幸的是,ns-3还没有实现,ns-3是一个强大、灵活和流行的用于网络研究的模拟器。本文提出了一种基于ns-3的BBR实现。BBR'以类似于其他TCP拥塞控制算法的方式扩展ns-3,重用现有的互连机制,使BBR'具有可扩展性。初步验证表明,BBR的行为和性能与BBR相似,初步性能评估表明,在某些有线和4G LTE无线场景下,BBR具有类似的吞吐量,但往返时间明显低于CUBIC。
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引用次数: 11
Live network simulation in julia: design and implementation of LiveSim.jl julia中的实时网络仿真:LiveSim.jl的设计与实现
Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.1145/3199902.3199908
Pjotr Kourzanov
An architecture for interactive, notebook-based ns-3 simulations in the cloud is proposed. A prototype implementation of an example study for IEEE 802.11p inter-channel interference is developed as a test-case, using direct integration of ns-3 components with Jupyter via Julia's C++ support. This shows that flexible animations with advanced visualization of live ns-3 simulation results can be setup quickly. Although the system appears complex, the benefits of ns-3 as fast and flexible discrete event simulator complement Julia's scalability in numerical computing and Jupyter's versatility on the Web and provide supporting evidence of LiveSim as a promising direction for multi-modal, reproducible network research.
提出了一种在云中基于笔记本的交互式ns-3仿真体系结构。通过Julia的c++支持,将ns-3组件与Jupyter直接集成,开发了IEEE 802.11p信道间干扰示例研究的原型实现作为测试用例。这表明灵活的动画与先进的可视化实时ns-3仿真结果可以快速设置。虽然系统看起来很复杂,但是ns-3作为快速灵活的离散事件模拟器的优点补充了Julia在数值计算中的可扩展性和Jupyter在Web上的多功能性,并为LiveSim作为多模态、可复制网络研究的有前途的方向提供了支持证据。
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引用次数: 1
Improving the ns-3 TraceBasedPropagationLossModel to support multiple access wireless scenarios 改进ns-3 TraceBasedPropagationLossModel以支持多址无线场景
Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.1145/3199902.3199912
Helder Fontes, Rui Campos, M. Ricardo
In wireless networking R&D we typically depend on experimentation to further evaluate a solution, as simulation is inherently a simplification of the real-world. However, experimentation is limited in aspects where simulation excels, such as repeatability and reproducibility. Real wireless experiments are hardly repeatable. Given the same input they can produce very different output results, since wireless communications are influenced by external random phenomena such as noise, interference, and multipath. Real experiments are also difficult to reproduce due to testbed operational constraints and availability. We have previously proposed the Trace-based Simulation (TS) approach, which uses the TraceBasedPropagationLossModel to successfully reproduce past experiments. Yet, in its current version, the TraceBasedPropagationLossModel only supports point-to-point scenarios. In this paper, we introduce a new version of the model that supports Multiple Access wireless scenarios. To validate the new version of the model, the network throughput was measured in a laboratory testbed. The experimental results were then compared to the network throughput achieved using the ns-3 trace-based simulation and a pure ns-3 simulation, confirming the TS approach is valid for multiple access scenarios too.
在无线网络研发中,我们通常依靠实验来进一步评估解决方案,因为仿真本质上是对现实世界的简化。然而,实验在模拟擅长的方面是有限的,比如可重复性和可再现性。真正的无线实验很难重复。给定相同的输入,它们可以产生非常不同的输出结果,因为无线通信受到外部随机现象(如噪声、干扰和多径)的影响。由于测试平台的操作限制和可用性,真实的实验也很难重现。我们之前提出了基于跟踪的模拟(TS)方法,该方法使用TraceBasedPropagationLossModel成功地再现了过去的实验。然而,在其当前版本中,TraceBasedPropagationLossModel仅支持点对点场景。在本文中,我们介绍了一个支持多址无线场景的新版本模型。为了验证新版本的模型,在实验室测试平台上测量了网络吞吐量。然后将实验结果与基于ns-3跟踪仿真和纯ns-3仿真获得的网络吞吐量进行了比较,证实了TS方法在多址场景下也是有效的。
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引用次数: 8
Proportional rate reduction for ns-3 TCP ns-3 TCP的比例速率降低
Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.1145/3199902.3199910
Viyom Mittal, Vivek Jain, M. Tahiliani
The implementation of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in the Linux kernel has kept pace with its ongoing research. However, it is not the case with the implementations of TCP in network simulators. This limitation has been a major hindrance in thoroughly evaluating the performance of new TCP extensions, since carrying out real-time experimental evaluations is a non-trivial task. Recently, there have been significant efforts to align the TCP implementation in ns-3 to that of Linux. Nonetheless, there still exist several features that the implementation of TCP in ns-3 lacks. In this work, the TCP implementation in ns-3 has been extended to support Proportional Rate Reduction (PRR) algorithm. PRR is a de facto loss recovery algorithm used since Linux kernel 3.2. This paper describes the implementation and validation of PRR algorithm in ns-3 and also highlights the need to modularize the implementation of loss recovery algorithms in ns-3.
传输控制协议(TCP)在Linux内核中的实现一直与它正在进行的研究保持同步。然而,TCP在网络模拟器中的实现并非如此。这个限制已经成为彻底评估新TCP扩展性能的主要障碍,因为执行实时实验评估是一项非常重要的任务。最近,为了使ns-3中的TCP实现与Linux的实现保持一致,已经做了大量的工作。尽管如此,在ns-3中仍然存在一些TCP实现所缺乏的特性。在这项工作中,ns-3中的TCP实现已经扩展到支持比例速率降低(PRR)算法。自Linux内核3.2以来,PRR实际上是一种损失恢复算法。本文描述了ns-3中PRR算法的实现和验证,并强调了ns-3中损失恢复算法实现模块化的必要性。
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引用次数: 3
Extension of the IEEE 802.11ah ns-3 simulation module IEEE 802.11ah ns-3仿真模块的扩展
Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.1145/3199902.3199906
L. Tian, A. Sljivo, S. Santi, E. D. Poorter, J. Hoebeke, J. Famaey
IEEE 802.11ah, marketed as Wi-Fi HaLow, is a new Wi-Fi standard for sub-1Ghz communications, aiming to address the major challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT), namely connectivity among a large number of densely deployed power-constrained stations. The standard was only published in May 2017 and hardware supporting Wi-Fi HaLow is not available on the market yet. As such, research on 802.11ah has been mostly based on mathematical and simulation models. Mathematical models generally introduce several simplifications and assumptions, which do not faithfully reflect real network conditions. As a solution, we previously developed an IEEE 802.11ah module for ns-3, publicly released in 2016. This initial release consisted of physical layer models for sub-1GHz communications and an implementation of the fast association and Restricted Access Window (RAW) channel access method. In this paper, we present an extension to our IEEE 802.11ah simulator. It contains several new features: an online RAW configuration interface, an energy state model, adaptive Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), and Traffic Indication Map (TIM) segmentation. This paper presents the details of our implementation, along with experimental results to validate each new feature. The extended Wi-Fi HaLow module can now support different scenarios with both uplink and downlink heterogeneous traffic, together with real-time RAW optimization, sleep management for energy conservation and adaptive MCS.
IEEE 802.11ah被称为Wi-Fi HaLow,是一种用于低于1ghz通信的新Wi-Fi标准,旨在解决物联网(IoT)的主要挑战,即大量密集部署的功率受限站点之间的连接。该标准于2017年5月才发布,目前市场上还没有支持Wi-Fi HaLow的硬件。因此,对802.11ah的研究主要基于数学和仿真模型。数学模型通常会引入一些简化和假设,这些简化和假设并不能忠实地反映真实的网络情况。作为解决方案,我们之前为ns-3开发了IEEE 802.11ah模块,该模块于2016年公开发布。这个初始版本包括用于sub-1GHz通信的物理层模型,以及快速关联和受限访问窗口(RAW)信道访问方法的实现。在本文中,我们提出了一个扩展我们的IEEE 802.11ah模拟器。它包含了几个新功能:一个在线RAW配置界面,一个能量状态模型,自适应调制和编码方案(MCS)和交通指示图(TIM)分割。本文介绍了我们实现的细节,以及验证每个新功能的实验结果。扩展的Wi-Fi HaLow模块现在可以支持不同的场景,包括上行和下行异构流量,以及实时RAW优化,节能睡眠管理和自适应MCS。
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引用次数: 36
Implementation and evaluation of frequency division multiplexing of numerologies for 5G new radio in ns-3 ns-3中5G新无线电数字分频复用的实现与评估
Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.1145/3199902.3199905
Biljana Bojović, S. Lagén, L. Giupponi
The New Radio (NR) access technology that is currently being developed by the 3GPP for fifth generation (5G) systems is expected to be extremely flexible to allow operation in a wide range of bands and address a variety of use cases. One of the key steps towards this objective is the inclusion of a set of numerologies, which are specified by subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix. Different numerologies can be exploited to meet different quality-of-service (QoS) requirements in terms of latency and throughput. To achieve this, 3GPP specifies that the NR system shall support multiplexing of numerologies in time and/or frequency domain. In this work, we focus on frequency division multiplexing (FDM) of numerologies. To allow simulation of FDM of numerologies in the ns-3 network simulator, we have extended the mmWave module with some of the key features defined for NR systems. These extensions include support for NR frame structure, numerologies, and on top of that the FDM of numerologies. To implement the FDM of numerologies, we leveraged the carrier aggregation (CA) feature of ns-3 LTE module, and for that purpose, we have extended the mmWave module to support the CA functionality. In this paper, we describe these extensions and we carry out a performance evaluation of numerologies and FDM of numerologies.
3GPP目前正在为第五代(5G)系统开发的新无线电(NR)接入技术预计将具有极高的灵活性,可以在广泛的频段内运行,并解决各种用例。实现这一目标的关键步骤之一是包含一组命理学,这些命理学由子载波间距和循环前缀指定。在延迟和吞吐量方面,可以利用不同的数字来满足不同的服务质量(QoS)需求。为了实现这一目标,3GPP规定NR系统应支持时间和/或频率域的数字多路复用。在这项工作中,我们专注于数字命理学的频分复用(FDM)。为了允许在ns-3网络模拟器中模拟数字的FDM,我们扩展了毫米波模块,其中包含了为NR系统定义的一些关键功能。这些扩展包括支持NR帧结构、数字命理学,以及最重要的数字命理学的FDM。为了实现数字的FDM,我们利用了ns-3 LTE模块的载波聚合(CA)功能,为此,我们扩展了毫米波模块以支持CA功能。在本文中,我们描述了这些扩展,并对数字命理学和数字命理学的FDM进行了绩效评估。
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引用次数: 11
A LoRaWAN module for ns-3: implementation and evaluation ns-3的LoRaWAN模块:实现与评估
Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.1145/3199902.3199913
B. Reynders, Qing Wang, S. Pollin
Long Range (LoRa) communication has been proposed to connect massive numbers of devices in large areas. LoRa itself is a physical layer technique. Together with the MAC layer solution LoRaWAN to realize IoT, they have attracted increasing attention from both industry and academia. In this work, we present our implemented LoRaWAN module for ns-3, to help boost the research in this rising area. Our implementation is compliant with the class A of the LoRaWAN 1.0 specification. It is highly configurable and thus can be easily used to exploit the impact of different parameters on LoRaWAN's performance. Our implemented flexible backbone architecture also allows for the easy integration of new protocols to improve the network performance. In the past two years, we have used this module to develop new protocols and algorithms to improve LoRaWAN's performance, in terms of reliability, capture effect, scalability, power consumption, among others. Our research outcomes have demonstrated the usefulness, flexibility, and configurability of the proposed LoRaWAN ns-3 module. We have made the source code of our module publicly available1.
为了在大范围内连接大量设备,人们提出了远程(LoRa)通信。LoRa本身是一种物理层技术。它们与MAC层解决方案LoRaWAN一起实现物联网,越来越受到业界和学术界的关注。在这项工作中,我们提出了我们实现的ns-3的LoRaWAN模块,以帮助推动这一新兴领域的研究。我们的实现符合LoRaWAN 1.0规范的A类。它是高度可配置的,因此可以很容易地利用不同参数对LoRaWAN性能的影响。我们实现的灵活骨干网架构还允许轻松集成新协议以提高网络性能。在过去的两年中,我们使用该模块开发了新的协议和算法,以提高LoRaWAN的性能,在可靠性,捕获效果,可扩展性,功耗等方面。我们的研究结果证明了所提出的LoRaWAN ns-3模块的实用性、灵活性和可配置性。我们已经公开了模块的源代码1。
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引用次数: 44
Interactive web visualizer for IEEE 802.11ah ns-3 module 用于IEEE 802.11ah ns-3模块的交互式web可视化器
Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.1145/3199902.3199904
A. Sljivo, D. Kerkhove, I. Moerman, E. D. Poorter, J. Hoebeke
The main purpose of running ns-3 simulations is to generate relevant data sets for further study. There are two strategies to generate output from ns-3, either using generic predefined bulk output mechanisms or using the ns-3's Tracing system. Both require parsing the raw output data to extract and process the data of interest to obtain meaningful information. However, parsing such output is in most cases time consuming and prone to mistakes. Post-processing is even harder when a large number of simulations needs to be analyzed and even the tracing system cannot simplify this task. Moreover, results obtained this way are only available once the simulation is finished.Therefore, we developed a user-friendly interactive visualization and post-processing tool for IEEE 802.11ah called ahVisualizer. Beside the topology and MAC configuration, ahVisualizer also plots our traces for each node over time during the simulation, as well as averages and standard deviations for each traced parameter. It can compare all the measured values across different simulations. Users can easily download figures and data in various formats. Moreover, it includes a post-processing tool which plots desired series, with desired fixed parameters, from a large set of simulations. This paper presents the ahVisualizer, its services and its architecture and shows how this tool enables much faster and easier data analysis and monitoring of ns-3 simulations with 802.11ah.
运行ns-3模拟的主要目的是为进一步研究生成相关的数据集。从ns-3生成输出有两种策略,要么使用通用的预定义批量输出机制,要么使用ns-3的Tracing系统。两者都需要解析原始输出数据,以提取和处理感兴趣的数据,以获得有意义的信息。但是,在大多数情况下,解析这样的输出既耗时又容易出错。当需要分析大量的模拟时,后处理就更加困难了,甚至跟踪系统也不能简化这项任务。而且,这种方法得到的结果只有在模拟完成后才可用。因此,我们为IEEE 802.11ah开发了一个用户友好的交互式可视化和后处理工具ahVisualizer。除了拓扑和MAC配置,ahVisualizer还绘制了模拟过程中每个节点随时间的轨迹,以及每个跟踪参数的平均值和标准偏差。它可以比较不同模拟中的所有测量值。用户可以方便地下载各种格式的图形和数据。此外,它还包括一个后处理工具,该工具可以从大量模拟中绘制具有所需固定参数的期望序列。本文介绍了ahVisualizer及其服务和架构,并展示了该工具如何在802.11ah下实现更快、更容易的ns-3模拟数据分析和监控。
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引用次数: 7
Implementation of epidemic routing with IP convergence layer in ns-3 ns-3中带IP汇聚层流行病路由的实现
Pub Date : 2018-05-26 DOI: 10.1145/3199902.3199907
Justin P. Rohrer, Andrew N. Mauldin
We present the Epidemic routing protocol implementation in ns-3. It is a full-featured DTN protocol in that it supports the message abstraction and store-and-haul behavior. We compare the performance of our Epidemic routing ns-3 implementation with the existing implementation of Epidemic in the ONE simulator, and discuss the differences.
提出了流行病路由协议在ns-3中的实现。它是一个功能齐全的DTN协议,因为它支持消息抽象和存储-传输行为。我们在ONE模拟器中比较了我们的Epidemic路由ns-3实现与现有Epidemic实现的性能,并讨论了两者的差异。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Proceedings of the 2018 Workshop on ns-3
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