{"title":"15\u0000 O Studies with Pet","authors":"E. Meyer","doi":"10.4324/9780429278983-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429278983-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231920,"journal":{"name":"Radiopharmaceuticals and Brain Pathology Studied with PET and SPECT","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123314911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.4324/9780429278983-20
J. Pahl, K. Rezai, D. O'Leary, N. Andreasen
{"title":"The Study of Schizophrenia with Spect","authors":"J. Pahl, K. Rezai, D. O'Leary, N. Andreasen","doi":"10.4324/9780429278983-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429278983-20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231920,"journal":{"name":"Radiopharmaceuticals and Brain Pathology Studied with PET and SPECT","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126688689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.4324/9780429278983-18
P. Abadie, J. Baron
{"title":"In Vivo Studies of the Central Benzodiazepine Receptors in the Human Brain with Positron Emission Tomography","authors":"P. Abadie, J. Baron","doi":"10.4324/9780429278983-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429278983-18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231920,"journal":{"name":"Radiopharmaceuticals and Brain Pathology Studied with PET and SPECT","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114511560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.4324/9780429278983-17
A. Gjedde
{"title":"Kinetic Analysis of Radioligand Binding in Brain in Vivo","authors":"A. Gjedde","doi":"10.4324/9780429278983-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429278983-17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231920,"journal":{"name":"Radiopharmaceuticals and Brain Pathology Studied with PET and SPECT","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129807999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Historical Background of Pet","authors":"W. Feindel","doi":"10.4324/9780429278983-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429278983-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231920,"journal":{"name":"Radiopharmaceuticals and Brain Pathology Studied with PET and SPECT","volume":"706 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126923639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter examines the interaction between tracer glucose uptake and phosphor-ylation in brain. It derives the equations for the use of labeled deoxyglucose, fluorodeoxyglucose, or glucose itself to calculate brain glucose phosphorylation. The chapter estimates the value of the “lumped constant” as a function of the glucose phosphorylation rate, the plasma glucose concentration, the maximal transport capacity of the cerebral capillary endothelium, and the plasma flow of the brain. The driving force of the loss of tracer from a compartment is the aqueous concentration of the tracer in the compartment, if the tracer is in aqueous solution. Compartmental analysis of tracer uptake in vivo serves to measure the size of the different compartments of the tracer, that is, the relative abundance of its different states, and the magnitude of the transfer coefficient or relaxation constant of each compartment. The brain has two kinetic compartments, the vascular space and an extra-vascular space, separated by a blood-brain barrier.
{"title":"Kinetic Analysis of Glucose Tracer Uptake and Metabolism by Brain in Vivo","authors":"A. Gjedde, H. Kuwabara","doi":"10.4324/9780429278983-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429278983-8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the interaction between tracer glucose uptake and phosphor-ylation in brain. It derives the equations for the use of labeled deoxyglucose, fluorodeoxyglucose, or glucose itself to calculate brain glucose phosphorylation. The chapter estimates the value of the “lumped constant” as a function of the glucose phosphorylation rate, the plasma glucose concentration, the maximal transport capacity of the cerebral capillary endothelium, and the plasma flow of the brain. The driving force of the loss of tracer from a compartment is the aqueous concentration of the tracer in the compartment, if the tracer is in aqueous solution. Compartmental analysis of tracer uptake in vivo serves to measure the size of the different compartments of the tracer, that is, the relative abundance of its different states, and the magnitude of the transfer coefficient or relaxation constant of each compartment. The brain has two kinetic compartments, the vascular space and an extra-vascular space, separated by a blood-brain barrier.","PeriodicalId":231920,"journal":{"name":"Radiopharmaceuticals and Brain Pathology Studied with PET and SPECT","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124027551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.4324/9780429278983-21
M. Guttman, G. Léger
This chapter reviews the current information on the use of Positron emission tomography (PET) and movement disorders. Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative neurological disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Therapy is aimed at replacing the neurochemical defect in this condition. L-dopa, the precursor of dopamine, has been used successfully in the treatment of patients with parkinsonism. Dopamine does not cross the blood brain barrier and cannot be used as a therapeutic agent. Parkinsonism may be present in conditions other than Parkinson’s disease. Disease processes that affect the substantia nigra or caudate nucleus and putamen may present with similar symptoms. Cerebral metabolism studies with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) have been performed in patients with unilateral and bilateral parkinsonism. PET may be employed to study the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway during life. PET studies of dopamine receptors in Parkinson’s disease have been very preliminary.
{"title":"Pet Studies of Movement Disorders","authors":"M. Guttman, G. Léger","doi":"10.4324/9780429278983-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429278983-21","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the current information on the use of Positron emission tomography (PET) and movement disorders. Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative neurological disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Therapy is aimed at replacing the neurochemical defect in this condition. L-dopa, the precursor of dopamine, has been used successfully in the treatment of patients with parkinsonism. Dopamine does not cross the blood brain barrier and cannot be used as a therapeutic agent. Parkinsonism may be present in conditions other than Parkinson’s disease. Disease processes that affect the substantia nigra or caudate nucleus and putamen may present with similar symptoms. Cerebral metabolism studies with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) have been performed in patients with unilateral and bilateral parkinsonism. PET may be employed to study the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway during life. PET studies of dopamine receptors in Parkinson’s disease have been very preliminary.","PeriodicalId":231920,"journal":{"name":"Radiopharmaceuticals and Brain Pathology Studied with PET and SPECT","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125216494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.4324/9780429278983-11
K. Herholz, W. Heiss
{"title":"Use of Pet to Evaluate Acute Stroke and Other Cerebrovascular Disorders","authors":"K. Herholz, W. Heiss","doi":"10.4324/9780429278983-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429278983-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231920,"journal":{"name":"Radiopharmaceuticals and Brain Pathology Studied with PET and SPECT","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124388025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.4324/9780429278983-15
D. W. Weiss, E. Souder, A. Alavi
{"title":"Regional Cerebral Metabolic and Structural Changes in Normal Aging and Dementia as Detected by PET and MRI","authors":"D. W. Weiss, E. Souder, A. Alavi","doi":"10.4324/9780429278983-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429278983-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231920,"journal":{"name":"Radiopharmaceuticals and Brain Pathology Studied with PET and SPECT","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122203855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter provides summary of the technology required to apply positron emission tomography (PET). It describes a number of recent developments in radiotracers for probing neurotransmitter properties, protein synthesis, enzyme activity, cerebral malignancy, and drug binding properties. The chapter focuses on the challenges facing the PET field as more institutions acquire the instrumentation to apply this modality in basic and clinical research. The technology required to apply PET to problems in biology and medicine varies, depending on the particular applications and interests of the program. The most common configuration of a cyclotron PET program consists of a cyclotron, a positron emission tomograph, and a radiotracer chemistry laboratory. Radiotracers whose regional distribution reflects glucose metabolism, neurotransmitter activity, and enzyme activity have all required the development of rapid synthetic methods for the radiotracers themselves as well as the characterization of their biochemical behavior in vivo. Quality control is now gaining greater prominence in PET research.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Radiotracers for Pet Studies of the Brain","authors":"J. Fowler, A. Wolf","doi":"10.4324/9780429278983-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429278983-2","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides summary of the technology required to apply positron emission tomography (PET). It describes a number of recent developments in radiotracers for probing neurotransmitter properties, protein synthesis, enzyme activity, cerebral malignancy, and drug binding properties. The chapter focuses on the challenges facing the PET field as more institutions acquire the instrumentation to apply this modality in basic and clinical research. The technology required to apply PET to problems in biology and medicine varies, depending on the particular applications and interests of the program. The most common configuration of a cyclotron PET program consists of a cyclotron, a positron emission tomograph, and a radiotracer chemistry laboratory. Radiotracers whose regional distribution reflects glucose metabolism, neurotransmitter activity, and enzyme activity have all required the development of rapid synthetic methods for the radiotracers themselves as well as the characterization of their biochemical behavior in vivo. Quality control is now gaining greater prominence in PET research.","PeriodicalId":231920,"journal":{"name":"Radiopharmaceuticals and Brain Pathology Studied with PET and SPECT","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125672791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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