This work investigates the problem of resource allocation (in terms of transmit powers and subchannel assignment) in the uplink channel of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) network, populated by mobile users with constraints in terms of target transmit data rates. The optimization problem is tackled with the analytical tools of coalitional game theory, and a simple and practical algorithm based on Markov modeling is introduced. The proposed algorithm allows the mobile devices to fulfill their data rate demands with minimum utilization of the network resources. Simulation results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis for practical OFDMA network parameters.
{"title":"A coalitional game-inspired algorithm for resource allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiple access","authors":"F. Shams, G. Bacci, M. Luise","doi":"10.1109/EW.2010.5483424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EW.2010.5483424","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the problem of resource allocation (in terms of transmit powers and subchannel assignment) in the uplink channel of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) network, populated by mobile users with constraints in terms of target transmit data rates. The optimization problem is tackled with the analytical tools of coalitional game theory, and a simple and practical algorithm based on Markov modeling is introduced. The proposed algorithm allows the mobile devices to fulfill their data rate demands with minimum utilization of the network resources. Simulation results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis for practical OFDMA network parameters.","PeriodicalId":232165,"journal":{"name":"2010 European Wireless Conference (EW)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121069868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides a performance comparison of two macrocellular topologies from the point of view of RF-repeater deployment. The numerical, system level, performance estimation was done in the downlink direction using high speed downlink packet access technology. In addition to a detailed repeater model, a distance dependent orthogonality model for wideband CDMA codes was included in the performance analysis and was compared to the traditional model of constant orthogonality. The traditional European topology, based on hexagonal cells (a.k.a. Clover-leaf topology), was set against a novel, Triangular, topology. Based on the results, the novel Triangular topology (when equipped with repeater) can provide comparable downlink HSDPA performance to the traditional Clover-leaf topology. Repeater worked significantly better in the Triangular topology than in the Clover-leaf topology, when comparing the improvement of maximum throughput due to repeater in both topologies.
{"title":"Comparison of RF-repeater efficiency in macrocellular network topologies","authors":"P. Lähdekorpi, J. Itkonen, J. Lempiäinen","doi":"10.1109/EW.2010.5483387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EW.2010.5483387","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a performance comparison of two macrocellular topologies from the point of view of RF-repeater deployment. The numerical, system level, performance estimation was done in the downlink direction using high speed downlink packet access technology. In addition to a detailed repeater model, a distance dependent orthogonality model for wideband CDMA codes was included in the performance analysis and was compared to the traditional model of constant orthogonality. The traditional European topology, based on hexagonal cells (a.k.a. Clover-leaf topology), was set against a novel, Triangular, topology. Based on the results, the novel Triangular topology (when equipped with repeater) can provide comparable downlink HSDPA performance to the traditional Clover-leaf topology. Repeater worked significantly better in the Triangular topology than in the Clover-leaf topology, when comparing the improvement of maximum throughput due to repeater in both topologies.","PeriodicalId":232165,"journal":{"name":"2010 European Wireless Conference (EW)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122694419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Windows were traditionally used as a means of building access and egress for RF signals. However, the drive towards building energy efficiency now means that windows are frequently coated with thin layers of Transparent Conductors (TCs). TCs can let visible light energy pass virtually un-attenuated, but reflect longer wavelengths (typically from the infrared region), to keep buildings warmer in colder climates and cooler in warmer climates. However, the use of TCs has a negative impact on wireless propagation, which this paper reports on. Three commercially available windows are examined, with results showing that less than 1% of the signal passes in either direction. This result is taken from a series of measurement over a range of frequencies from 800 MHz to 6 GHz, both in a large hall and in the WIT anechoic chamber.
{"title":"Rf propagation through Transparent Conductors in energy efficient windows","authors":"D. Stolhofer, H. Doelecke, Yaqiang Liu, P. O'eary","doi":"10.1109/EW.2010.5483412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EW.2010.5483412","url":null,"abstract":"Windows were traditionally used as a means of building access and egress for RF signals. However, the drive towards building energy efficiency now means that windows are frequently coated with thin layers of Transparent Conductors (TCs). TCs can let visible light energy pass virtually un-attenuated, but reflect longer wavelengths (typically from the infrared region), to keep buildings warmer in colder climates and cooler in warmer climates. However, the use of TCs has a negative impact on wireless propagation, which this paper reports on. Three commercially available windows are examined, with results showing that less than 1% of the signal passes in either direction. This result is taken from a series of measurement over a range of frequencies from 800 MHz to 6 GHz, both in a large hall and in the WIT anechoic chamber.","PeriodicalId":232165,"journal":{"name":"2010 European Wireless Conference (EW)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122881017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luca Anchora, Luca Casone, Giovanni Ciccarese, M. De Blasi, P. Marra, Cosimo Palazzo
A number of Intelligent Flooding Schemes have been recently proposed in order to optimize message dissemination in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. In this paper we focus on a scheme which exploits a distributed timer-based contention mechanism for allowing only contention winners to forward the message and to suppress other potential forwarders. In particular, at each hop along the message propagation direction, potential forwarders wait for a time which is inversely proportional to their distance from the sender before rebroadcasting the packet; a potential forwarder is suppressed if it intercepts the packet rebroadcasted by another node during the waiting time. Performance of the scheme, in terms of message delivery ratio, delay and channel utilization, depends on the maximum waiting time (MaxWT) and on the maximum distance R allowed between the sender and a potential forwarder. This research work aims at evaluating an optimal setting of these parameters. We show that, although the values of MaxWT and R which maximize performance vary with traffic load and vehicle density, a dynamic algorithm is not essential. Then, we report how to set the values of the parameters to achieve a performance that is acceptable in the scenarios which we have considered.
{"title":"An optimal setting for the parameters of an Intelligent Flooding Scheme in VANETs","authors":"Luca Anchora, Luca Casone, Giovanni Ciccarese, M. De Blasi, P. Marra, Cosimo Palazzo","doi":"10.1109/EW.2010.5483439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EW.2010.5483439","url":null,"abstract":"A number of Intelligent Flooding Schemes have been recently proposed in order to optimize message dissemination in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. In this paper we focus on a scheme which exploits a distributed timer-based contention mechanism for allowing only contention winners to forward the message and to suppress other potential forwarders. In particular, at each hop along the message propagation direction, potential forwarders wait for a time which is inversely proportional to their distance from the sender before rebroadcasting the packet; a potential forwarder is suppressed if it intercepts the packet rebroadcasted by another node during the waiting time. Performance of the scheme, in terms of message delivery ratio, delay and channel utilization, depends on the maximum waiting time (MaxWT) and on the maximum distance R allowed between the sender and a potential forwarder. This research work aims at evaluating an optimal setting of these parameters. We show that, although the values of MaxWT and R which maximize performance vary with traffic load and vehicle density, a dynamic algorithm is not essential. Then, we report how to set the values of the parameters to achieve a performance that is acceptable in the scenarios which we have considered.","PeriodicalId":232165,"journal":{"name":"2010 European Wireless Conference (EW)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124288376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapidly increasing use of smart phones with Internet access or data connectivity solutions for laptops is putting the infrastructure of cellular operators under stress. Both the number of devices and the bandwidth requirement are increasing. Indoor usage is also becoming prominent. One envisioned solution is the use of so-called femtocells. Femtocells are portable and low-cost base-stations for in-home usage. They are deployed by endusers and are connected to the operator network by a digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem or optical fiber connection. The femtocells are operated along with the macrocell in a typical two-tier network structure. The regular base stations operate in one tier and the femtocells operate in the other tier. In a shared spectrum configuration, the uncontrolled deployment and loose control of the femtocells generate challenging interference management scenarios. With extensive simulations, we perform an evaluation of several femtocell to femtocell interference scenarios and one macrocell to femtocell scenario. We focus on typical 4G cases, with an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) physical layer and full frequency reuse. Our results show that without any interference management, system performance is significantly degraded and that complete outages occur in specific cases.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of OFDMA femtocells link-layers in uncontrolled deployments","authors":"Tania Villa, R. Merz, Pablo Vidales","doi":"10.1109/EW.2010.5483451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EW.2010.5483451","url":null,"abstract":"The rapidly increasing use of smart phones with Internet access or data connectivity solutions for laptops is putting the infrastructure of cellular operators under stress. Both the number of devices and the bandwidth requirement are increasing. Indoor usage is also becoming prominent. One envisioned solution is the use of so-called femtocells. Femtocells are portable and low-cost base-stations for in-home usage. They are deployed by endusers and are connected to the operator network by a digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem or optical fiber connection. The femtocells are operated along with the macrocell in a typical two-tier network structure. The regular base stations operate in one tier and the femtocells operate in the other tier. In a shared spectrum configuration, the uncontrolled deployment and loose control of the femtocells generate challenging interference management scenarios. With extensive simulations, we perform an evaluation of several femtocell to femtocell interference scenarios and one macrocell to femtocell scenario. We focus on typical 4G cases, with an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) physical layer and full frequency reuse. Our results show that without any interference management, system performance is significantly degraded and that complete outages occur in specific cases.","PeriodicalId":232165,"journal":{"name":"2010 European Wireless Conference (EW)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130846837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filter bank based multicarrier (FBMC) is an interesting alternative to OFDM especially for spectrally agile communication waveform generation and for cognitive radio scenarios. For enhanced link performance and robustness, most of the common multi-antenna schemes can be combined with FBMC equally well as with OFDM. However, one significant shortcoming of FBMC is the difficulty of combining it with the famous transmit diversity scheme of Alamouti coding. In this paper, we present a block-wise Alamouti scheme for FBMC and test its performance.
{"title":"A block-Alamouti scheme for filter bank based multicarrier transmission","authors":"M. Renfors, T. Ihalainen, T. H. Stitz","doi":"10.1109/EW.2010.5483517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EW.2010.5483517","url":null,"abstract":"Filter bank based multicarrier (FBMC) is an interesting alternative to OFDM especially for spectrally agile communication waveform generation and for cognitive radio scenarios. For enhanced link performance and robustness, most of the common multi-antenna schemes can be combined with FBMC equally well as with OFDM. However, one significant shortcoming of FBMC is the difficulty of combining it with the famous transmit diversity scheme of Alamouti coding. In this paper, we present a block-wise Alamouti scheme for FBMC and test its performance.","PeriodicalId":232165,"journal":{"name":"2010 European Wireless Conference (EW)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130937254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy utilization is a challenging task that is being encountered in low-powered Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) when designing an algorithm, protocol or hardware. Congestion is a factor that can affect a network's lifetime (and energy utilization), since it usually leads to packet drops or collisions in the medium followed by possible retransmissions. Forwarding data packets through alternative paths is a way to counter congestion in WSNs. Proper node placement is essential to ensure good sensing coverage and communication connectivity. Node placement could also be affected by the need to create multiple routes to the sink; therefore, it can be proven vital for the improvement of energy utilization performance of this type of congestion control algorithms. In this paper we evaluate the energy utilization performance of HTAP (Hierarchical Tree Alternative Path) a congestion control and avoidance algorithm whose operation is based on a multipath routing scheme. HTAP energy utilization is evaluated under specific node placements and in correlation with a comparable routing scheme (Directed Diffusion). Through simulations, conclusions are extracted, suggesting node placements that assist in uniform and efficient energy utilization in WSNs.
在低功耗无线传感器网络(WSNs)中，当设计算法、协议或硬件时，能量利用是一个具有挑战性的任务。拥塞是一个可以影响网络生命周期(和能源利用)的因素，因为它通常会导致数据包丢失或介质中的冲突，随后可能会重传。通过备选路径转发数据包是解决无线传感器网络拥塞问题的一种方法。适当的节点放置对于确保良好的传感覆盖和通信连接至关重要。节点的位置也可能受到需要创建多个路由到接收器的影响;因此，提高这类拥塞控制算法的能量利用性能是至关重要的。本文对基于多路径路由方案的拥塞控制与避免算法HTAP (Hierarchical Tree Alternative Path)的能量利用性能进行了评价。HTAP能源利用在特定节点位置下进行评估，并与可比较的路由方案(定向扩散)相关。通过仿真，得出结论，建议节点放置有助于WSNs均匀有效地利用能量。
{"title":"Energy utilization of HTAP under specific node placements in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Charalambos Sergiou, V. Vassiliou","doi":"10.1109/EW.2010.5483490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EW.2010.5483490","url":null,"abstract":"Energy utilization is a challenging task that is being encountered in low-powered Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) when designing an algorithm, protocol or hardware. Congestion is a factor that can affect a network's lifetime (and energy utilization), since it usually leads to packet drops or collisions in the medium followed by possible retransmissions. Forwarding data packets through alternative paths is a way to counter congestion in WSNs. Proper node placement is essential to ensure good sensing coverage and communication connectivity. Node placement could also be affected by the need to create multiple routes to the sink; therefore, it can be proven vital for the improvement of energy utilization performance of this type of congestion control algorithms. In this paper we evaluate the energy utilization performance of HTAP (Hierarchical Tree Alternative Path) a congestion control and avoidance algorithm whose operation is based on a multipath routing scheme. HTAP energy utilization is evaluated under specific node placements and in correlation with a comparable routing scheme (Directed Diffusion). Through simulations, conclusions are extracted, suggesting node placements that assist in uniform and efficient energy utilization in WSNs.","PeriodicalId":232165,"journal":{"name":"2010 European Wireless Conference (EW)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124438192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Researchers need to choose an appropriate scenario to study the performance of a Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) via simulation. For example, routing is not properly evaluated when the shortest path between each pair of nodes in the simulation scenario is two or less. Various standards may be required to construct a credible MANET simulation scenario. In this work, we concentrate upon three standards for evaluating MANET routing protocols. Metrics involved in these standards are: average shortest-path hop count, average network partitioning, and average neighbor count. The main contribution of this work is to provide researchers with models that allow them to easily construct rigorous MANET simulation scenarios. The input to our models is the desired values for the three metrics mentioned; our models then output parameters for a simulation scenario that approximately meet the researcher's target values for the metrics. Our models were designed using a recently published mobility model that was constructed by extracting the statistical features of real human movement. Our models enable researchers to test MANET routing protocols in a more realistic manner, thereby improving the credibility of their MANET simulation studies.
{"title":"Constructing rigorous MANET simulation scenarios with realistic mobility","authors":"Aarti Munjal, T. Camp, W. Navidi","doi":"10.1109/EW.2010.5483539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EW.2010.5483539","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers need to choose an appropriate scenario to study the performance of a Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) via simulation. For example, routing is not properly evaluated when the shortest path between each pair of nodes in the simulation scenario is two or less. Various standards may be required to construct a credible MANET simulation scenario. In this work, we concentrate upon three standards for evaluating MANET routing protocols. Metrics involved in these standards are: average shortest-path hop count, average network partitioning, and average neighbor count. The main contribution of this work is to provide researchers with models that allow them to easily construct rigorous MANET simulation scenarios. The input to our models is the desired values for the three metrics mentioned; our models then output parameters for a simulation scenario that approximately meet the researcher's target values for the metrics. Our models were designed using a recently published mobility model that was constructed by extracting the statistical features of real human movement. Our models enable researchers to test MANET routing protocols in a more realistic manner, thereby improving the credibility of their MANET simulation studies.","PeriodicalId":232165,"journal":{"name":"2010 European Wireless Conference (EW)","volume":"09 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127306720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simulation and emulation are techniques frequently used for performance evaluation of wireless multi-hop networks. If the wireless devices are mobile, the movement patterns of these objects are found to have significant impact on the simulation and emulation results. This is obvious as the movements influence the topology of the network. In this paper, we focus on the sound performance evaluation of wireless multi-hop networks in tactical scenarios. In detail, we address the modeling of specific scenarios. We show the impact of proper modeling in disaster area and urban warfare scenarios. By doing so, we show how the tool BonnMotion can help other researchers in mobility dependent research.
{"title":"Evaluation of wireless multi-hop networks in tactical scenarios using BonnMotion","authors":"N. Aschenbruck, Raphael Ernst, P. Martini","doi":"10.1109/EW.2010.5483453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EW.2010.5483453","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation and emulation are techniques frequently used for performance evaluation of wireless multi-hop networks. If the wireless devices are mobile, the movement patterns of these objects are found to have significant impact on the simulation and emulation results. This is obvious as the movements influence the topology of the network. In this paper, we focus on the sound performance evaluation of wireless multi-hop networks in tactical scenarios. In detail, we address the modeling of specific scenarios. We show the impact of proper modeling in disaster area and urban warfare scenarios. By doing so, we show how the tool BonnMotion can help other researchers in mobility dependent research.","PeriodicalId":232165,"journal":{"name":"2010 European Wireless Conference (EW)","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131867063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread use of heterogeneous wireless technologies, their integration and existence of multi-mode terminals enable users get associated to the best available networks according to user preferences over different application specific requirements, prices and network technologies. In this paper we present the user-centric interface selection decision, where negotiation between users and network operators is carried out using multi-attribute auctioning mechanism. We do not only consider the utility of users but also model the network operators' utility and discuss the truth telling behavior of network operators in terms of offered prices and service quality. The proposed approach builds on IEEE 802.21 standard. SIP and IPv6 based flow management approaches are discussed, the later approach is implemented using OPNET modeller simulator. The performance of our approach is compared with Long-term contractual approach in terms of users throughput, users' cost, operators' revenue and call blocking probability.
{"title":"Auction based interface selection with Media Independent Handover services and flow management","authors":"M. A. Khan, U. Toseef, Stefan Marx, C. Goerg","doi":"10.1109/EW.2010.5483497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EW.2010.5483497","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of heterogeneous wireless technologies, their integration and existence of multi-mode terminals enable users get associated to the best available networks according to user preferences over different application specific requirements, prices and network technologies. In this paper we present the user-centric interface selection decision, where negotiation between users and network operators is carried out using multi-attribute auctioning mechanism. We do not only consider the utility of users but also model the network operators' utility and discuss the truth telling behavior of network operators in terms of offered prices and service quality. The proposed approach builds on IEEE 802.21 standard. SIP and IPv6 based flow management approaches are discussed, the later approach is implemented using OPNET modeller simulator. The performance of our approach is compared with Long-term contractual approach in terms of users throughput, users' cost, operators' revenue and call blocking probability.","PeriodicalId":232165,"journal":{"name":"2010 European Wireless Conference (EW)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134450690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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