Translational Metabolic Syndrome Research最新文献

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common complications in patients with diabetes. Identification of diabetic patients with high risk for CKD progression has been challenging due to various limitations of traditional diagnostic methods. Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, have recently emerged as alternative predicting factors for diabetic nephropathy. Despite strong evidence of correlation, the mechanisms that link epigenetic changes in blood/monocytes with renal physiology are yet to be investigated. As such, it is important to examine the renal expression of these differentially methylated genes in diabetic individuals with and without CKD. Using an animal model of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and biopsy/nephrectomy samples from patients with T2D without and with CKD, we demonstrated that CUE domain containing 1 (cuedc1), microtubule-associated protein 7 (map7), LIM Homeobox 6 (lhx6) and Thioredoxin Interacting Protein (Txnip) were downregulated in the kidneys of T2D animals and patients without CKD. Strikingly, the regulation of cuedc1, map7 and txnip were significantly reversed in the presence of kidney dysfunction and fibrosis. The expression of Protein Kinase C Epsilon (prkce) was also significantly higher in T2D patients with CKD compared to the control group. Both txnip and prkce have been shown previously to be involved in the induction of diabetic nephropathy. These data provide evidence to support the relevance of epigenetic biomarkers in blood with renal pathophysiology in T2D.

Background

Anthropometric indices such as body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (PBF) are easily measurable and have been consistently reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors.

Aims

We aimed to compare the association of several CVD risk factors with BMI and PBF to determine which of these adiposity indices had the greater predictive value.

Methods and materials

Data were derived from the MASHAD cohort study. The cohort was categorised into 4 groups: group 1 (low or normal BMI and PBF, N = 1670), group 2 (low or normal BMI but high PBF, N = 992), group 3 (high BMI and low or normal PBF, N = 837), and group 4 (high BMI and PBF, N = 6245). The best cut-off points were defined by ROC analysis.

Results

BMI was more strongly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum urate, serum hsCRP, fasting plasma glucose and TC/HDL-C ratio compared to PBF. But BMI was less strongly correlated with three lipid parameters (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol), Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI was the best predictor for the majority of risk factors, apart from LDL-C in men and LDL-C, TC and non-HDL-C (NHC) in women. ROC analysis showed that BMI had a greater AUC for risk factors other than for SBP, HTN, DM, TC, LDL-C, impaired fasting glucose, non-HDL cholesterol in men and for TC, TG, TC, DBP, HTN, and non-HDL Cholesterol, among female subjects.

Conclusions

The results suggest that in our population from northeastern Iran, BMI may be a better predictor of several CVD risk factors compared to PBF.

The present study aimed to assess the associations between depression and burnout, and blood glucose levels and haemoglobin A1c in nurses and non-nurses, using psychometric and metabolic assessment. Nurses experienced a significantly higher level of burnout than non-nurses (p < 0.05), as measured by the Emotional Exhaustion scale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, as well as a significantly lower level of burnout than non-nurses as measured by the Personal Accomplishment subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (p < 0.01).

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. People living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have up to three times higher risk of developing CVD, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), for which there is no effective treatment. The need for tangible interventions has led to investigations into a number of biomarkers associated with metabolic and vascular dysfunction that could be utilised for diagnostic and treatment purposes. This review discusses the importance and mechanisms of inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers, which have shown the most potential in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of HFpEF, particularly in the presence of diabetes. In depth “in silico” analysis was also carried out to identify pathogenic pathways associated with HFpEF, both in the presence and absence of diabetes. The results identified mostly inflammatory pathways associated with HFpEF in the presence of diabetes, and a number of pathways related to angiogenesis, remodelling, metabolism as well as inflammation, in the absence of diabetes. The shared and unique pathways identified in HFpEF in the presence and absence of diabetes, should be explored further in order to improve management and outcomes of people living with HFpEF, taking into the account other underlying conditions.

Background

Chronic magnesium deficiency is associated with obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum and dietary magnesium levels among Iranian adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods

A total of 853 participants (including 269 and 584 subjects with, or without MetS, respectively) were recruited as part of the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) study. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, biochemical parameters and serum magnesium were determined in all participants. The first quartile of serum magnesium (<0.94 mg/dl) was considered as a low value for serum magnesium.

Results

In this study a low serum magnesium was found in 22.7% (n = 61) of subjects with MetS and in 22.1% (n = 129) in individuals without MetS (P-value > 0.05). Dietary magnesium insufficiency [<67% of the recommended daily allowances (RDA)] was observed in 30.3% (n = 44) of individuals with MetS and 69.7% (n = 101) of individuals without MetS (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between serum and dietary magnesium levels among subjects with MetS and individuals without MetS (P-value > 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in serum and dietary magnesium levels between individuals with or without MetS (P > 0.05).

A low serum magnesium was associated with a higher fasting plasma glucose in individuals with MetS (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The results showed that serum and dietary magnesium status is related to several cardiovascular risk factors including body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Furthermore, an inverse association was found between serum magnesium levels with diabetes mellitus.

Background

There are little data on isolated hypertriglyceridemia and CVD risk. Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is one of the heat shock proteins (Hsps) with low molecular weight. It has been shown that the atherosclerosis patients have higher concentrations of anti-Hsp auto-antibodies. The aim of the current study was to assess the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia with serum anti-Hsp27 titres.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, fasting serum lipid profile and anthropometric parameters of 1688 subjects (1113 subjects with and 575 without hypertriglyceridemia) aged 35–65 years were analyzed as part of the data derived from the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorders (MASHAD: 2010–2020). A validated questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data. Combined dyslipidemia was defined according to the NCEP ATPIII criteria.

Results

There were significant differences in waist and hip circumferences, level of fasting blood glucose, hs-CRP, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001 for all variables), between individuals with isolated hypertriglyceridemia (IHTG), those with combined dyslipidemia and control groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of serum anti-Hsp 27 were associated with a lower odds of HTG risk (OR:0.62, 95% CI (0.39–0.97), p: 0.03).

Conclusion

We found that serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers were significantly lower in the HTG group compared with individuals without HTG. However, levels of serum anti-HSP27 antibody can be affected by drug treatment. Therefore, the evaluation of drug treatment on the serum anti-HSP27 antibody in a larger population can help to confirm these findings.

Introduction

Various types of non-invasive methods are available to reduce local fat mass, including cryolipolysis, radiofrequency (RF), low-level laser therapy and ultrasound cavitation (USC). The main purpose of this study was to assess the combined effect of cryolipolysis with radio-frequency and ultrasound cavitation on anthropometric indices.

Methods

Forty-four overweight individuals were recruited. All subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Group A was treated with RF/USC; group B was treated with RF/USC together with cryolipolysis. Anthropometric parameters (weight, BMI, waist, abdomen circumference and trunk fat) were measured before and after treatment.

Results

Although the different anthropometric parameters in both groups were significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05), the reductions in group A were significantly greater than for group B, apart from waist circumference.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that applying cryolipolysis with RF/USC did not improve the anthropometric indices compared with RF/USC alone, apart from waist circumference.

Background

The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is used widely to investigate diet quality. It is used for a number of different applications, for example to measure compliance with dietary recommendations and guidelines. The Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) was created in 2002 and was designed to improve the ability to predict major chronic disease risks.

Objective

The main objective of the present study was to assess the associations between the HEI/AHEI with several cardiovascular disease risk factors (RFs) within a population sample of adults from northeastern Iran and to compare the predictive values obtained using HEI for these cardiovascular RFs with the values obtained using AHEI.

Material and methods

A total sample of 748 men, were recruited from Sarakhs City, in northeastern Iran. The mean age of study participants was 43.50 ± 8.88 years. Anthropometric indices were measured based on standard methods. Fasting blood samples (12 hrs) were collected from all subjects to determine several biochemical measures. HEI/AHEI were used to assess the quality of diet.

Results

There were no significant differences in diet quality with respect to the presence or absence of obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. AHEI was significantly higher among subjects with a high serum levels of sensitive-C reactive protein (Hs-CRP) (p = 0.005), and the HEI was higher in subjects with a high serum copper (p = 0.01). There were no significant correlations between HEI/AHEI with CVD risk factors.

Conclusions

The results showed that there were no significant associations between the HEI/AHEI with CVD risk factors in the study population.

Background

Normal weight obesity (NWO) is defined by a normal body mass index (BMI) but a high percentage body fat (%BF) composition. We aimed to examine the hypothesis that subjects having NWO are at higher risk for cardio metabolic abnormalities compared to normal body weight subjects with low body fat content.

Method

In this cross sectional study 2439 adults' normal body Mass Index were recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders (MASHAD) cohort study. We measured 6 cardio-metabolic risk factors: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Two models were evaluated: in model A, the categorization of individuals utilized cut off values of BMI: 18.5–25 and %BF: > 25 in men and >30 in women; in model B, the cut off values used were BMI: 18.5–25 and BF% with cut-offs depending on age: 20–39 years, >19% and >32%; 40–59 years, >21% and 33% and 60–79 years, > 24% and 35% for men and women were used, respectively. Cardiovascular risk estimates were made using QRISK2. SPSS version 18(SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) was used for all statistical analyses. GraphPad Prism 6 for figures was used.

Result

Of the 2439 individuals with a normal BMI, 38.5% were found to be in high group and 61.5% were placed in normal weight groups for %BF in model A. In model B, 53.8% and 46.2% were found to be in the normal and high groups for %BF. The odds ratio for the presence of a metabolic abnormality for the high %BF group was 1.82 (95% CI, 1.42–2.34) and for high QRISK was 5.79 (95%CI, 4.17–8.02) after adjusted for age, in model A. In model B, the odds ratio for the presence of a metabolic abnormality for the high %BF group was 2.02 (95% CI, 1.68–2.42) and for high QRISK was 6.03 (95%CI, 4.45–8.08) after adjusted for sex.

Conclusion

It can be stated that if body fat analysis among normal weight individuals can have an important contribution to the prevention of cardiovascular disease and other obesity-related conditions.

It is now well established that severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with a reduced lifespan and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Individuals with SMI often have abnormalities of lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, an increased prevalence of obesity and hypertension. They also have an increased prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The reasons for this are not entirely clear, but are likely to be multifactorial. Whilst there have been numerous studies investigating the prevalence of MetS in patients with SMI, many have been in small, mixed population samples, that have not been adequately controlled for the background population from which they have been drawn. This is important because of the wide range of prevalence estimates that have been reported, and variations of MetS prevalence with ethnicity. The negative impact of treatment with second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) drugs on the risk of MetS also appears clear in most populations, although the mechanisms accounting for this increased risk are yet to be clarified. Despite this high prevalence of CVD risk factors in patients with SMI, most studies report a poor implementation of screening for CVD risk factors at baseline, and following initiation of treatment with SGAs. Not all patients with SMI are susceptible to the adverse effects of SGAs, but in those that are, switching to an anti-psychotic that is less likely to cause metabolic disturbance, starting statin therapy and a reduction in CVD risk factors through changes in lifestyle may all be important strategies.