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Structural Analysis of the Key Intermediate Formed during Transcription through a Nucleosome. 核小体转录过程中关键中间体的结构分析。
Trends in cell & molecular biology
Pub Date : 2013-01-01
H-W Chang, A K Shaytan, F-K Hsieh, O I Kulaeva, M P Kirpichnikov, V M Studitsky

Transcription through chromatin by different RNA polymerases produces different biological outcomes and is accompanied by either nucleosome survival at the original location (Pol II-type mechanism) or backward nucleosome translocation along DNA (Pol III-type mechanism). It has been proposed that differences in the structure of the key intermediates formed during transcription dictate the fate of the nucleosomes. To evaluate this possibility, structure of the key intermediate formed during transcription by Pol III-type mechanism was studied by DNase I footprinting and molecular modeling. The Pol III-type mechanism is characterized by less efficient formation of the key intermediate required for nucleosome survival (Ø-loop, Pol II-type mechanism), most likely due to steric interference between the RNA polymerase and DNA in the Ø-loop. The data suggest that the lower efficiency of Ø-loop formation induces formation of a lower nucleosomal barrier and nucleosome translocation during transcription by Pol III-type mechanism.

不同RNA聚合酶通过染色质转录产生不同的生物学结果，并伴随着核小体在原始位置的存活(Pol ii型机制)或核小体沿DNA的反向易位(Pol iii型机制)。有人提出，转录过程中形成的关键中间体结构的差异决定了核小体的命运。为了评估这种可能性，我们利用DNase I足迹和分子模型研究了Pol iii型机制转录过程中形成的关键中间体的结构。Pol iii型机制的特点是核小体存活所需的关键中间体的形成效率较低(Ø-loop, Pol ii型机制)，很可能是由于Ø-loop中RNA聚合酶和DNA之间的空间干扰。这些数据表明，在转录过程中，较低的Ø-loop形成效率通过Pol iii型机制诱导核小体屏障的形成和核小体易位。
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引用次数: 0
Decoding in Candidatus Riesia pediculicola, close to a minimal tRNA modification set? 在马梗候选酵母中解码，接近最小tRNA修饰集?
Trends in cell & molecular biology
Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Valérie de Crécy-Lagard, Christian Marck, Henri Grosjean

A comparative genomic analysis of the recently sequenced human body louse unicellular endosymbiont Candidatus Riesia pediculicola with a reduced genome (582 Kb), revealed that it is the only known organism that might have lost all post-transcriptional base and ribose modifications of the tRNA body, retaining only modifications of the anticodon-stem-loop essential for mRNA decoding. Such a minimal tRNA modification set was not observed in other insect symbionts or in parasitic unicellular bacteria, such as Mycoplasma genitalium (580 Kb), that have also evolved by considerably reducing their genomes. This could be an example of a minimal tRNA modification set required for life, a question that has been at the center of the field for many years, especially for understanding the emergence and evolution of the genetic code.

对最近测序的人体虱子单细胞内共生Candidatus Riesia pediculicola基因组减少(582 Kb)的比较基因组分析显示，它是唯一已知的可能失去tRNA体所有转录后碱基和核糖修饰的生物，仅保留mRNA解码所需的反密码子-茎环修饰。在其他昆虫共生体或寄生单细胞细菌(如生殖支原体(580kb))中没有观察到这种最小的tRNA修饰集，这些细菌也通过显著减少其基因组而进化。这可能是生命所需的最小tRNA修饰集的一个例子，这个问题多年来一直是该领域的中心问题，特别是对于理解遗传密码的出现和进化。
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引用次数: 0
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