Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379798
Nina Wolfram, P. Lago, Francesco Osborne
The intersection between software engineering research and the problems related to sustainability and green IT has been the subject of increasing attention. In spite of that, we observe that sustainability is still not clearly defined, or understood, in the field of software engineering. This lack of clarity leads to confusion about e.g. what is relevant to measure or the research implications over time or space. This paper provides an overview of how the research so far has defined sustainability, and how this definition has been used to guide which research areas. To this end, we carried out a systematic mapping study for selecting, classifying and analyzing relevant publications. In this study, we investigate which knowledge areas and which time scope of sustainability effects are mostly targeted in scientific research. Our analysis shows research trends and discusses gaps to be filled.
{"title":"Sustainability in software engineering","authors":"Nina Wolfram, P. Lago, Francesco Osborne","doi":"10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379798","url":null,"abstract":"The intersection between software engineering research and the problems related to sustainability and green IT has been the subject of increasing attention. In spite of that, we observe that sustainability is still not clearly defined, or understood, in the field of software engineering. This lack of clarity leads to confusion about e.g. what is relevant to measure or the research implications over time or space. This paper provides an overview of how the research so far has defined sustainability, and how this definition has been used to guide which research areas. To this end, we carried out a systematic mapping study for selecting, classifying and analyzing relevant publications. In this study, we investigate which knowledge areas and which time scope of sustainability effects are mostly targeted in scientific research. Our analysis shows research trends and discusses gaps to be filled.","PeriodicalId":232464,"journal":{"name":"2017 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131209584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379809
Filipe Quintal, Mary Barreto, Fabio Luis, Vitor Baptista, Augusto Esteves
This work is focused on studying the immediacy of eco-feedback and the appropriation of these systems in households' daily life. This paper describes the development of Wattapp, a common two spots wall socket redesigned to display the current consumption using a set of LED lights, which change from green to red according to the consumption. The device was evaluated for fifteen days in the cafeteria/lounge of a research institute and a subset of six users were interviewed to assess how Wattapp was perceived. In general, users understood the feedback. In addition, our evaluation disclosed how such device could be used in the day-to-day lives, for example, comparing the consumption of electrical devices or used to remotely control appliances.
{"title":"Studying the immediacy of eco-feedback through plug level consumption information","authors":"Filipe Quintal, Mary Barreto, Fabio Luis, Vitor Baptista, Augusto Esteves","doi":"10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379809","url":null,"abstract":"This work is focused on studying the immediacy of eco-feedback and the appropriation of these systems in households' daily life. This paper describes the development of Wattapp, a common two spots wall socket redesigned to display the current consumption using a set of LED lights, which change from green to red according to the consumption. The device was evaluated for fifteen days in the cafeteria/lounge of a research institute and a subset of six users were interviewed to assess how Wattapp was perceived. In general, users understood the feedback. In addition, our evaluation disclosed how such device could be used in the day-to-day lives, for example, comparing the consumption of electrical devices or used to remotely control appliances.","PeriodicalId":232464,"journal":{"name":"2017 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127205370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379800
A. Anastopoulou, Costas Kalogiros, G. Stamoulis
We develop and evaluate a methodology for running manual implicit and explicit Demand Response campaigns in order to improve the sustainability of smart grids. Initially, we introduce a flexibility profiling engine that relies on the correlation among end-user's consumption, prices and environmental conditions. Then, we investigate two mechanisms so that an Aggregator, acting as an intermediate between the Distribution System Operator or Retailer and the consumers, achieves the desired demand flexibility. More precisely we introduce: (i) a price-based mechanism that determines the new price that consumers will be paying during the DR campaign, and (ii) a reward-based mechanism that determines which set of consumers should participate in the campaign, along with the load flexibility to be asked from each one and the reward offered. The proposed methodology is evaluated using a publicly-available dataset. It is seen that the CES model achieves high estimation accuracy. Also, the economic metrics obtained using both price-based and reward-based mechanisms, are more favorable than the ones obtained by the dynamic prices actually applied and by a naive reward-based method rewards, respectively.1
{"title":"Methodology for managing cost-effective demand response campaigns based on demand elasticity profiles","authors":"A. Anastopoulou, Costas Kalogiros, G. Stamoulis","doi":"10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379800","url":null,"abstract":"We develop and evaluate a methodology for running manual implicit and explicit Demand Response campaigns in order to improve the sustainability of smart grids. Initially, we introduce a flexibility profiling engine that relies on the correlation among end-user's consumption, prices and environmental conditions. Then, we investigate two mechanisms so that an Aggregator, acting as an intermediate between the Distribution System Operator or Retailer and the consumers, achieves the desired demand flexibility. More precisely we introduce: (i) a price-based mechanism that determines the new price that consumers will be paying during the DR campaign, and (ii) a reward-based mechanism that determines which set of consumers should participate in the campaign, along with the load flexibility to be asked from each one and the reward offered. The proposed methodology is evaluated using a publicly-available dataset. It is seen that the CES model achieves high estimation accuracy. Also, the economic metrics obtained using both price-based and reward-based mechanisms, are more favorable than the ones obtained by the dynamic prices actually applied and by a naive reward-based method rewards, respectively.1","PeriodicalId":232464,"journal":{"name":"2017 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127624414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379797
A. Reinhardt
Collecting and analyzing power consumption data from electrical appliances is a key enabling element for grid-related services, e.g., load forecasting or anomaly detection. Device-level sensors (smart plugs) have found widespread use to collect such data. However, they prevalently report an electrical appliance's power consumption at a rate of one reading per second in order to limit the resultant communication traffic. With mains voltage frequencies of 50/60 Hz, undersampling and the consequent loss of spectral information result from the use of such reporting rates. Moreover, as most smart plugs only report real power consumption values, important supplementary features (e.g., the phase shift between voltage and current or the magnitude of reactive power) are not available when using such devices. In this work we present a data processing system design that exploits the recurring nature of electrical current waveforms in order to facilitate the provision of data at a high resolution whilst keeping the corresponding data rate requirements low. Our design, called ALSCEAM, is applicable to voltage and current waveforms collected at high sampling rates, thus spectral components are implicitly included in collected traces. Instead of transferring raw readings to external processing services, however, local data processing routines are being employed to detect and eliminate redundancies. Thus, a high data fidelity is maintained while network traffic is reduced by more than 95% in many cases. All functionalities are implemented in a proof-of-concept system design and evaluated in practice.
{"title":"Adaptive load signature coding for electrical appliance monitoring over low-bandwidth communication channels","authors":"A. Reinhardt","doi":"10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379797","url":null,"abstract":"Collecting and analyzing power consumption data from electrical appliances is a key enabling element for grid-related services, e.g., load forecasting or anomaly detection. Device-level sensors (smart plugs) have found widespread use to collect such data. However, they prevalently report an electrical appliance's power consumption at a rate of one reading per second in order to limit the resultant communication traffic. With mains voltage frequencies of 50/60 Hz, undersampling and the consequent loss of spectral information result from the use of such reporting rates. Moreover, as most smart plugs only report real power consumption values, important supplementary features (e.g., the phase shift between voltage and current or the magnitude of reactive power) are not available when using such devices. In this work we present a data processing system design that exploits the recurring nature of electrical current waveforms in order to facilitate the provision of data at a high resolution whilst keeping the corresponding data rate requirements low. Our design, called ALSCEAM, is applicable to voltage and current waveforms collected at high sampling rates, thus spectral components are implicitly included in collected traces. Instead of transferring raw readings to external processing services, however, local data processing routines are being employed to detect and eliminate redundancies. Thus, a high data fidelity is maintained while network traffic is reduced by more than 95% in many cases. All functionalities are implemented in a proof-of-concept system design and evaluated in practice.","PeriodicalId":232464,"journal":{"name":"2017 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122414057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379804
Björn Hedin
This paper presents LCAFDB, a crowdsourced database for collecting Life Cycle Assessment data for foodstuff. Such an open database is useful to facilitate the development of feedback systems about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for food. We describe the design challenges encountered while we developed the system and our solutions. We also exemplify by a number of applications developed that use this database.
{"title":"LCAFDB — A crowdsourced life cycle assessment database for food","authors":"Björn Hedin","doi":"10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SustainIT.2017.8379804","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents LCAFDB, a crowdsourced database for collecting Life Cycle Assessment data for foodstuff. Such an open database is useful to facilitate the development of feedback systems about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for food. We describe the design challenges encountered while we developed the system and our solutions. We also exemplify by a number of applications developed that use this database.","PeriodicalId":232464,"journal":{"name":"2017 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122448534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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