Turkish journal of urology最新文献

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the pre- and postoperative effects of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and the biofeedback method on the management of urinary incontinence (UI) in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP).

Material and methods: Fifty-seven patients were enrolled in this study from September 2019 to July 2020. They were randomly divided into three groups each of 19 patients: two case groups (biofeedback before and after RP) and a control group. All patients underwent RP, followed by PFMT and 24-hour pad use instructions after the postoperative removal of the Foley catheter. Then, the rate of patient-reported pads/day usage was recorded and compared among the three groups at the end of the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months of catheter removal.

Results: Compared with the control group (only 15%), 63 and 52% of the patients who used pre- or postoperative treatment interventions, respectively, regained urinary continence during the first postoperative period, showing significant downward rates of pads/day use (P ¼ .01 and .001, respectively). However, the results were not significant between the two case groups.

Conclusion: Our study revealed that applying the biofeedback method for pelvic floor muscles could be an efficient interventional approach in patients with UI, leading to the earlier regaining of continence following RP.

Objective: We aimed to discuss the unusual masturbation practices performed by methods such as penile devices causing incarceration and its emergency management.

Material and methods: It is a retrospective study of cases who presented to the emergency department with penile incarceration by metallic and nonmetallic encircling objects from September 2015 to October 2020. The cases were analyzed for age, marital status, motive, type of object used, duration of incarceration, associated urinary retention, type of anesthesia used, methods of removal, complications of incarceration, and secondary procedures required to treat complications.

Results: A total of nine cases had paid emergency visit to our hospital for the past 4 years. The average age of the patients was 36.78 years. Unusual masturbation practices that underwent wrong were the common cause in most cases (77.7%). Most of cases presented after 24 hours of incident. All foreign bodies were removed under spinal anesthesia except one that was removed under penile block. Two cases (22.9%) required skin grafting and one (11.1%) underwent partial penectomy following the removal of encircling objects.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes that the penile incarceration because of unusual masturbation practices is rare as it is sparsely reported as only a few case reports in the literature. Most of the patients presented late because of the embarrassment associated with it. This emergency requires urgent intervention, and the method used to remove the foreign body depends on the resources available, duration of incarceration, grade of injury, and the type of foreign body.

Objective: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is one of the biggest problems of aging men. Prostate surgery is now well defined in the case of failure of medical therapy. Robotic simple prostatectomy is a minimally invasive surgical method with an alternative to open simple prostatectomy in large prostate volumes. We present our simple prostatectomy technique with robot, perioperative, and short-term functional result in our clinic.

Material and methods: Between January 2017 and January 2021, 42 patients underwent simple robotic prostatectomy were retrospectively evaluated. Preoperative, perioperative, and post-operative clinical data were analyzed. Post-operative continence status, voiding, and erectile functions were evaluated using uroflowmetry and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) at sixth week and third month.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 71 (66-78) years. No major complications were observed in any of the patients. Urethral catheters were removed on the fourth post-operative day. Except for one case, all of the cases urinated spontaneously after the catheter was removed. One case could not urinate spontaneously, and urethral catheter was placed again. Three days later, the urethral catheter was removed, and patient urinated spontaneously. None of the patients reported stress urinary incontinence or erectile dysfunction. The mean operative time was 112minutes, the mean hospital stay was 1.6 days, the mean post-operative IPSS was 6, and the mean post-operative Q max was 24.4mL s 1.

Conclusion: Robotic simple prostatectomy may be an effective and safe alternative minimally invasive technique in the treatment of large-volume benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The introduction of endoscopic anatomical enucleation of the prostate created a new educational field. We investigated the current literature for simulators, phantoms, and other training models that could be used as a tool for teaching urologists alone or within the boundaries of a course or a curriculum. A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement and the European Association of Urology Guidelines office's recommendations for conducting systematic reviews. Seven out of 51 studies met our inclusion criteria and are presented in the current review. The VirtaMed UroSim HoLEP (Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate) Simulator achieved excellent scores for face, content, and construct validity, and participants agreed that it could be used for training. In addition, this simulator offers the opportunity for morcellation training. The Kansai University model for HoLEP does not support morcellation simulation and has only demonstrated face and content validity. The CyberSim (Quanta System, Solbiate Olona, VA, Italy) has not been yet evaluated, but it seems that it can be used for training without tutoring. Only one training curriculum was revealed from the search. The Holmium User Group-Mentorship Program has been proposed since 2005 for training urologists for HoLEP. Simulators and courses or curricula based on a simulator could be valuable learning and training tools. The existent models seem efficient but have not been widely evaluated and accepted yet. It seems that the training field for transurethral enucleation of the prostate will be rapidly developed soon.

Objective: To define the relationship between cystoscopic findings, including novel findings such as the hypervascularization, of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) and the response to intravesical therapy.

Material and methods: We retrospectively evaluated cystoscopy findings in patients who had a preliminary diagnosis of BPS/IC. All patients received early intravesical combined therapy (ICT), ie, within 2 hours after hydrodistention. Additionally, ICT was continued according to our protocol. Cystoscopic findings were classified as glomerulations, hypervascularization, and Hunner's lesion (HL). The therapy responses were evaluated at 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12thmonths using the visual analog scale (VAS), O'Leary/Sant interstitial cystitis symptom index (ICSI), and interstitial cystitis problem index (ICPI) scores.

Results: Out of 61 patients, HL was diagnosed during cystoscopy in six (9.8%) patients, glomerulations in 35 (57.4%) patients, and hypervascularization in 15 (24.6%) patients. No pathological findings were defined in five (8.2%) patients. In the glomerulation and hypervascularization group, the median VAS, ICSI, and ICPI scores were lower than those in the preoperative period in the follow-up. In patients with HL, the median VAS scores were lower in the entire follow-up compared to the preoperative period, with an increase at 1st year compared to 6th month, and ICSI scores were lower than preoperative period in the entire follow-up, with an increase at 3rd month and 1st year. ICPI scores were also lower during the follow-up, with an increase observed in the 1st year.

Conclusion: The presence of hypervascularization should be defined since it might show different characteristics that may affect the ICT response. Patients with glomerulations might be good candidates for early combined intravesical therapy.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is one of the treatment options for patients with renal and ureteral calculi. Even though the procedure is less invasive compared to others, pain caused by the procedure is a major concern. Several studies recommended the use of either local or systemic analgesia with varying results. We aimed to compare the use of local anesthetics and systemic analgesics from randomized controlled trials evaluating pain management during ESWL. A systematic search adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol was performed in theMedline, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane library databases. The bias was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Mean difference (MD) was used to analyze continuous outcomes. A total of seven studies were obtained. The topical anesthesia used was eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream and xylocaine gel. In contrast, the local injection anesthesia used was subcutaneous prilocaine and intracutaneous sterile water injection. The systemic analgesics used were intramuscular and oral forms of sodium diclofenac. There is no significant difference between the visual analogue scale results between the local and systemic groups (P> .05). The differences in ESWL frequency were also insignificant (P > .05). Additional analgesics supplementation (MD 8.44, 95% CI 2.28-14.61, P¼ .007) and the duration of the procedure (MD 1.39, 95% CI 0.21-2.56, P¼ .02) were significantly lower in the local group. Local anesthesia in ESWL shows a similar degree of pain and frequency but has a shorter duration and fewer analgesics supplementation than systemic analgesics.

Objective: To compare the outcome of microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy versus oral antioxidants for the management of male infertility due to isolated teratozoospermia.

Material and methods: Clinical patients' database of a tertiary infertility referral center was retrospectively reviewed to collect data on male infertility due to isolated teratozoospermia from July 2014 to January 2019. Seventy-two patients who underwentmicroscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy for their clinically palpable varicoceles were considered as a study group, while 60 patients who were treated with antioxidants (L-carnitine, vitamin C, and vitamin E) were included as controls. The improvement in the sperm morphology, sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), and the achievement of natural pregnancy were compared between the two groups.

Results: In the varicocelectomy group, all sperm parameters and SDF statistically improved 6months after the operation (P-value <.001). In the control group, the percentage of sperm morphology and SDF statistically improved 6months after the treatment (P-value <.05). The improvement in sperm parameters, SDF, and the pregnancy rate was statistically higher in the varicocelectomy group compared to the control group. Within the range of follow-up (12-18 months), 30.5% of patients' partners achieved natural pregnancy in the varicocelectomy groups compared to 16.7% in the control group.

Conclusion: We believe that varicocelectomy has a positive effect on the sperm morphology, SDF, and pregnancy rate in male infertility caused by isolated teratozoospermia.

Objective: To analyze the presence of Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV) in sperm samples from patients diagnosed with some impairment of the fertility parameters evaluated using seminogram and to observe if there is any difference with the normozoospermic samples. We hypothesize that an EBV infection is responsible for the upregulation of the miRNA 199-3p, which binds to the 3'UTR of endothelin-1 (ET-1). ET-1 is a key factor to produce Vimentin (Vim3), and therefore, it influences the expression of Vim3. Since Vim3 is predominantly detectable in sperms without any structural defects, the newly identified regulation mechanism can be responsible for the loss of sperm quality.

Material and methods: This study was performed from January 2017 to December 2020 and included 27 patients who provided ejaculated samples obtained by masturbation. Ejaculates were evaluated according to the Word Health Organization's criteria. Posteriorly, the samples were sorted according to the seminogram diagnosis and further analyzed using different enzyme-linked absorbed immune assays to determine the level or concentration of Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA), ET-1, and Vim3.

Results: All sperm samples with the impairment of fertility parameters contained the EBNA and presented a downregulation of ET-1 and Vim3. In addition, sperms located in the swim ups are also partially positive for the EBV virus in different clinical aspects.

Conclusion: Based on the regulation mechanism here presented, it seems that the EBV induces changes at the miRNA level, which are responsible for the decreasing of sperm quality.