Veterinarno-meditsinski nauki最新文献

An animal drug formula, Cephamasten, for intramammary application in the treatment of mastitis-affected cows, ewes, and goats in the lactation period was worked out on the base of microbiologic, technologic, biopharmaceutic, and clinico-pharmacologic studies. Its active ingredient was the Pharmachim cephalexin-monohydrate. The consistence of Cephamasten has proved suitable for intracisternal introduction. It is tolerated well within the udder of cows, and it rapidly releases the antibiotic incorporated in it. The milk of the treated quarters has proved free from cephalexin after the 72nd hour of the last infusion. Cephamasten has shown high effectiveness in the treatment both of the preclinical and of the acute clinical mastitis. In the first case best results were obtained with the twofold treatment at a 24-hour interval, and in the second case--with the sixfold treatment at 12-hour intervals (intracisternal introduction of the preparation). In the case of generalized mastitis, in dependence on the severity of the process Cephamasten is to be applied at 4-6-12 intervals along with frequent milking and the parenteral application of other agents.

Experiments were carried out to obtain a specific VIA antigen of F.M.D. During the research, 7 series of VIA antigen were extracted with high purity and specificity. It was established that 90% of the infected animals build specific VIA antibodies against F.M.D.V. Up to 70% of the repeatedly vaccinated cattle against F.M.D. contain VIA antibodies. The percentage of the positive reagent depends on the age of the animals, on the number of the immunizations and on the sort of the used vaccine. The cause for the high percentage of the seropositive to VIA not vaccinated animals is not elucidated.

Studied were soluble glycoproteins of the Aujeszky's disease virus strains--the virulent A-2 one and its IUDR-resistant MK-25 mutant, following purification via affinity chromatography. Two protein bands were found through polyacrylamide gel. The molecule weight of the glycoproteins isolated from A-2 strain was 67,000 daltons, and that of the MK-25 ones--42,000 daltons. It was shown to be close to the molecule weight of two structural viral proteins. These properties of theirs as well as the capacity of the antisera to neutralize the Aujeszky's disease virus made it reasonable to believe that the isolated glycoproteins were in fact soluble structural viral glycoproteins.

Studied were 66 hybrid Camborough pigs aged 2 months and equated in terms of live weight. Fourteen of them were defined as aggressors (attackers) and 12--as victims that were bit to a varying extent on the body. Another group of 40 pigs were kept as controls. Studied were the clinical symptoms manifested by both the pigs exhibiting cannibalism and by those that suffered, following up a number of biochemical indices. The quantitative fluctuations with the amounts of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Zn, and Cu were also followed up in all groups of animals. Differences were established between the levels of the various macro- and microelements. Ascertained was the part played by the thyroid, employing radioimmunologic methods with its hormones in the etiopathogenesis of cannibalism.

The control of Varroa infestation in honeybees embraces a system of veterinary measures requiring an overall economic evaluation as a prerequisite for the wide use of a special programme. A comparative economic analysis of the dynamics of the process is made for two periods: a basic one, when no programmed control measures have been taken, and a planned one, when the programme has been put into practice and the results thereof by the end of the time are compared with those of the basic period. Employed has been the method of the index factorial analysis taking into consideration the complex and individual effects of definite factors, contributing to such effects. The increased absolute volume of material expenditures (chiefly therapeutic agents) is reflected in the absolute and the relative growth in the end-product economic results obtained with the two apiaries studied.

The blood level and the basic pharmacokinetic parameters (kel, Cop, T 1/2, AUC) of amoxicillin trihydrate were studied following its oral application to albino rats with experimentally injured kidneys (potassium chromate) and liver (tetrachloromethane). It was found that the impairment of these organs changed the extent of absorption, distribution, and excretion of the antibiotic.

Studied was the effect of illumination intensity on the physiologic state of the body, growth and development, egg laying capacity and the economic effectiveness in the raising of growing stock laying hens and adult ones in three-tier cell batteries of the BKM-3 and BHK-H types. The content of hemoglobin, total protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and erythrocyte count. Determined was also the content of some fat-soluble vitamins in the liver as well as the glycogen level in the liver and muscles and the amount of blood sugar. Certain changes were established in the investigated hematologic and biochemical indices along with the rise of effectiveness in using an illumination programme of low light intensity with regard to the type of birds mentioned above.

Studied was the effect of illumination of varying length and intensity under the industrial raising of broilers. It was found that the use of an illumination programme with an interrupted light regime and low intensity of light affected the live weight, feed intake per unit of produce, and morbidity and mortality rate. The economic effect produced with the introduction of an illumination programme with an interrupted light of low intensity after the first week of BTR-3 regulation consisted in the increase in the production results in the conditions of industrial broiler arising.

Studied was the enzyme constellation, resp., activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP), glutamate-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), aldolase (ALD), leucin-aminopeptidase (LAP), cholinesterase (CE), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT), and guanase (G) in a total of 360 clinically normal and lactating and dry cows of the Black-and-White and Simmental crossbreeds. Characteristic quantitative changes were found with GOT, GPT, ALD, LDH, and CPK both over the dry period and over the entire period of lactation. The activity of LAP, AP, OCT, and G was not influenced by the functional status of the animals. In the course of the analyses there were changes in the serum ALD, CE, and GOT, associated with the breed. The enzymes referred to were studied with a view to establishing their normal parameters needed for the practice as the base to demonstrate preclinical disturbances in individual organs and tissues of the cows during pregnancy and the puerperium.

The injection of chromatographically purified biliary fraction from broiler birds, rich in bile acids, led to a dependable drop of serum proteins in chickens. Treatment of the latter with a bile sample from swine, obtained in a similar way (the reaction for bile acids being negative) did not lead to essential changes in the content of plasma colloids. Results showed that bile acids were of definite importance as regards the blood level of proteins and the redistribution of proteins in the body with the individual species of animals.