Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1007/s00334-023-00945-x
Kate Dudgeon
Abstract Archaeobotanical remains contribute crucial evidence for shifts in human economy from foraging to farming, understanding early village life and the strategies employed by people in the past to cope with changing environmental conditions. However, differential preservation of plant proxies often leads to the over or under representation of some plant types. This research analyses phytoliths and faecal spherulites to provide new perspectives on human economy at the Neolithic site of Abu Hureyra, N. Syria (∼ 11100–6000 bc ) and plant taphonomy by comparing results with those from previous extensively analysed charred plant macro-fossils. This site is of especial importance as one of the earliest and largest pre-pottery Neolithic B farming settlements in the world, however, it was flooded following the construction of the Tabqa dam in the 1970s. This research therefore presents a case study for some of the methods that can be applied to archival material to continue research in areas of high archaeological significance that are no longer accessible. The presence of dung spherulites suggests a background faecal component in sediments throughout the lifespan of the site, and should therefore be considered as a depositional pathway for some of the charred plant macrofossils and phytoliths. Phytolith analyses show that a diverse range of vegetation types were exploited throughout the lifespan of Abu Hureyra, reflecting the site’s favourable position on the border of several ecotones, which likely contributed to its longevity over several millennia.
{"title":"New perspectives on plant-use at neolithic Abu Hureyra, Syria: an integrated phytolith and spherulite study","authors":"Kate Dudgeon","doi":"10.1007/s00334-023-00945-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-023-00945-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Archaeobotanical remains contribute crucial evidence for shifts in human economy from foraging to farming, understanding early village life and the strategies employed by people in the past to cope with changing environmental conditions. However, differential preservation of plant proxies often leads to the over or under representation of some plant types. This research analyses phytoliths and faecal spherulites to provide new perspectives on human economy at the Neolithic site of Abu Hureyra, N. Syria (∼ 11100–6000 bc ) and plant taphonomy by comparing results with those from previous extensively analysed charred plant macro-fossils. This site is of especial importance as one of the earliest and largest pre-pottery Neolithic B farming settlements in the world, however, it was flooded following the construction of the Tabqa dam in the 1970s. This research therefore presents a case study for some of the methods that can be applied to archival material to continue research in areas of high archaeological significance that are no longer accessible. The presence of dung spherulites suggests a background faecal component in sediments throughout the lifespan of the site, and should therefore be considered as a depositional pathway for some of the charred plant macrofossils and phytoliths. Phytolith analyses show that a diverse range of vegetation types were exploited throughout the lifespan of Abu Hureyra, reflecting the site’s favourable position on the border of several ecotones, which likely contributed to its longevity over several millennia.","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134887154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1007/s00334-023-00953-x
Miguel Tarongi, Laurent Bouby, Vincent Bonhomme, Natàlia Alonso
Abstract The taxonomic identification of archaeological seeds of certain cultivated pulses is challenging due to a combination of low interspecific morphological differences and large intraspecific variability. This study develops biometric and morphogeometric models that establish which species have more similarities with the doubtful archaeological pulse seeds. The species under study are: Lathyrus cicera/sativus (grass pea), Lens culinaris (lentil), Pisum sativum (pea), Vicia ervilia (bitter vetch), V. faba (broad bean), and V. sativa (vetch). The two models were trained on data from three different types of samples: contemporary uncharred seeds, contemporary charred seeds, and archaeological seeds. The last one consists of finds unearthed on Bronze and Iron Age sites throughout the Western Mediterranean and can be subdivided into two groups: clearly identified taxa and uncertain taxa. The biometric model resorts to the measurements of length, width and thickness of the three types of seeds so as to establish a discriminant linear model applicable to the uncertain archaeological seeds. The morphogeometric model is based on the shape of the three types of seeds gleaned from geometric morphometry. The uncertain archaeological seeds were then classified by means of a Linear Discriminant model based on shape descriptors. This study first assessed the accuracy of the two models stemming from observations of clearly defined contemporary and archaeological taxa. The results indicate that the models, in particular the morphogeometric, yield high predictive rates. These models therefore offer the possibility of re-identifying the taxa of doubtful archaeological seeds with a high degree of confidence and a minimal margin of error. The positive outcome of these models thus paves the way to more accurate determinations of archaeological legume seeds that heretofore have remained unidentified by traditional methods.
{"title":"Which pulse is it? Identifying archaeological legumes seeds by means of biometric measurements and geometric morphometrics","authors":"Miguel Tarongi, Laurent Bouby, Vincent Bonhomme, Natàlia Alonso","doi":"10.1007/s00334-023-00953-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-023-00953-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The taxonomic identification of archaeological seeds of certain cultivated pulses is challenging due to a combination of low interspecific morphological differences and large intraspecific variability. This study develops biometric and morphogeometric models that establish which species have more similarities with the doubtful archaeological pulse seeds. The species under study are: Lathyrus cicera/sativus (grass pea), Lens culinaris (lentil), Pisum sativum (pea), Vicia ervilia (bitter vetch), V. faba (broad bean), and V. sativa (vetch). The two models were trained on data from three different types of samples: contemporary uncharred seeds, contemporary charred seeds, and archaeological seeds. The last one consists of finds unearthed on Bronze and Iron Age sites throughout the Western Mediterranean and can be subdivided into two groups: clearly identified taxa and uncertain taxa. The biometric model resorts to the measurements of length, width and thickness of the three types of seeds so as to establish a discriminant linear model applicable to the uncertain archaeological seeds. The morphogeometric model is based on the shape of the three types of seeds gleaned from geometric morphometry. The uncertain archaeological seeds were then classified by means of a Linear Discriminant model based on shape descriptors. This study first assessed the accuracy of the two models stemming from observations of clearly defined contemporary and archaeological taxa. The results indicate that the models, in particular the morphogeometric, yield high predictive rates. These models therefore offer the possibility of re-identifying the taxa of doubtful archaeological seeds with a high degree of confidence and a minimal margin of error. The positive outcome of these models thus paves the way to more accurate determinations of archaeological legume seeds that heretofore have remained unidentified by traditional methods.","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136154822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1007/s00334-023-00957-7
Hans-Peter Stika, Aleta Neugebauer, Cristina Rihuete-Herrada, Roberto Risch, Rafael Micó, Jordi Voltas, Paula Amengual, Lara Gelabert, Vicente Lull
Abstract The Balearic Islands were colonised around the transition from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age, not earlier than 2300 cal bce and certainly much later than any central or eastern Mediterranean islands. The number of archaeobotanical records is low and consists mainly of cereals and a few pulses. We present here new results of our long-term study of Son Fornés, an archaeological site on Mallorca which was occupied since the beginning of the Iron Age Talayotic period (~ 850 cal bce ) and until Roman times (123 bce onwards), in the Balearic Islands. In the Talayotic period of Son Fornés Hordeum vulgare var. vulgare (hulled barley) and Triticum aestivum/durum/turgidum (free-threshing wheat) were the main cereals grown and Vicia faba (broad bean) was the main pulse, while Avena sp. (oats) is considered to have been a weed but was nonetheless consumed and was probably in an early phase of being domesticated. For the subsequent post-Talayotic (ca. 550 − 250 bce ), Classic I and Classic II, the Republican Roman occupation period (from 123 bce onwards) the databases are weak, displaying hulled barley as the main crop and broad bean as the main pulse. The archaeobotanical records of Ficus carica (fig), Olea europaea (olive) and Vitis vinifera (grapevine) represent wild or cultivated and domesticated forms. Prunus dulcis (almond) and Pinus pinea (stone pine) were found on Eivissa (Ibiza), pointing to a Phoenician introduction to the islands, while Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) and Castanea sativa (chestnut), found on Menorca, might have been brought in by the Romans. The number of crops being used on the Balearic Islands was limited when compared to sites of similar periods on the European mainland or the central and eastern Mediterranean islands. According to carbon isotope results of Δ 13 C, hulled barley grew under damper conditions than free-threshing wheat. The high δ 15 N values indicated that both crops were well-manured with animal dung during the entire occupation period.
{"title":"Crop cultivation in the Talayotic settlement of Son Fornés (Mallorca, Spain): agricultural practices on the western Mediterranean islands in the first millennium bce","authors":"Hans-Peter Stika, Aleta Neugebauer, Cristina Rihuete-Herrada, Roberto Risch, Rafael Micó, Jordi Voltas, Paula Amengual, Lara Gelabert, Vicente Lull","doi":"10.1007/s00334-023-00957-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-023-00957-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Balearic Islands were colonised around the transition from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age, not earlier than 2300 cal bce and certainly much later than any central or eastern Mediterranean islands. The number of archaeobotanical records is low and consists mainly of cereals and a few pulses. We present here new results of our long-term study of Son Fornés, an archaeological site on Mallorca which was occupied since the beginning of the Iron Age Talayotic period (~ 850 cal bce ) and until Roman times (123 bce onwards), in the Balearic Islands. In the Talayotic period of Son Fornés Hordeum vulgare var. vulgare (hulled barley) and Triticum aestivum/durum/turgidum (free-threshing wheat) were the main cereals grown and Vicia faba (broad bean) was the main pulse, while Avena sp. (oats) is considered to have been a weed but was nonetheless consumed and was probably in an early phase of being domesticated. For the subsequent post-Talayotic (ca. 550 − 250 bce ), Classic I and Classic II, the Republican Roman occupation period (from 123 bce onwards) the databases are weak, displaying hulled barley as the main crop and broad bean as the main pulse. The archaeobotanical records of Ficus carica (fig), Olea europaea (olive) and Vitis vinifera (grapevine) represent wild or cultivated and domesticated forms. Prunus dulcis (almond) and Pinus pinea (stone pine) were found on Eivissa (Ibiza), pointing to a Phoenician introduction to the islands, while Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) and Castanea sativa (chestnut), found on Menorca, might have been brought in by the Romans. The number of crops being used on the Balearic Islands was limited when compared to sites of similar periods on the European mainland or the central and eastern Mediterranean islands. According to carbon isotope results of Δ 13 C, hulled barley grew under damper conditions than free-threshing wheat. The high δ 15 N values indicated that both crops were well-manured with animal dung during the entire occupation period.","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"712 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135061117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-16DOI: 10.1007/s00334-023-00950-0
Shidong Chen, Kristiina Johanson, John Alphonsus Matthews, Sandra Sammler, Marie Anna Blehner, Siim Salmar, Ivo Leito, Ester Oras
{"title":"Multi-proxy analysis of starchy plant consumption: a case study of pottery food crusts from a Late Iron Age settlement at Pada, northeast Estonia","authors":"Shidong Chen, Kristiina Johanson, John Alphonsus Matthews, Sandra Sammler, Marie Anna Blehner, Siim Salmar, Ivo Leito, Ester Oras","doi":"10.1007/s00334-023-00950-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-023-00950-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135308613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1007/s00334-023-00947-9
Casper Sørensen, Peter Mose Jensen, Simone Nørgaard Mehlsen, Marie Kanstrup
{"title":"Late Bronze Age millet farmers at Arnbjerg N: an archaeobotanical analysis and a review of Late Bronze Age millet in Denmark","authors":"Casper Sørensen, Peter Mose Jensen, Simone Nørgaard Mehlsen, Marie Kanstrup","doi":"10.1007/s00334-023-00947-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-023-00947-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.1007/s00334-023-00951-z
Iris K. de Wolf, T. Donders, Wim Z. Hoek, Marjolein Tij Gouw-Bouman, Thomas Giesecke
{"title":"Unlocking the wealth of Dutch pollen data for future research and education","authors":"Iris K. de Wolf, T. Donders, Wim Z. Hoek, Marjolein Tij Gouw-Bouman, Thomas Giesecke","doi":"10.1007/s00334-023-00951-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-023-00951-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43196438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1007/s00334-023-00948-8
S. Muthukumaran
{"title":"Ancient crop movements from South Asia to the Middle East and the Mediterranean","authors":"S. Muthukumaran","doi":"10.1007/s00334-023-00948-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-023-00948-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47443821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s00334-023-00946-w
Joseph W. Handley, N. Branch, F. Meddens, M. Simmonds, José Iriarte
{"title":"Pre-Hispanic terrace agricultural practices and long-distance transfer of plant taxa in the southern-central Peruvian Andes revealed by phytolith and pollen analysis","authors":"Joseph W. Handley, N. Branch, F. Meddens, M. Simmonds, José Iriarte","doi":"10.1007/s00334-023-00946-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-023-00946-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42785689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s00334-023-00944-y
Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo, Magda Kapcia, Aurélie Salavert, W. Alexandrowicz, Thomas Saile, Dmytro Kiosak, M. Dębiec
{"title":"Archaeobotanical and palaeoenvironmental analyses from the easternmost Early Neolithic sites at Kamyane-Zavallia (Ukraine) and Nicolaevca V (Moldova)","authors":"Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo, Magda Kapcia, Aurélie Salavert, W. Alexandrowicz, Thomas Saile, Dmytro Kiosak, M. Dębiec","doi":"10.1007/s00334-023-00944-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-023-00944-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45642081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.1007/s00334-023-00943-z
K. Tsirtsi, Clémence Pagnoux, V. Bonhomme, S. Ivorra, J. Terral, Evi Margaritis
{"title":"Development of olive cultivation at the site of Sikyon, Greece: evidence from the charred olive remains from the late Classical/early Hellenistic to the Roman period","authors":"K. Tsirtsi, Clémence Pagnoux, V. Bonhomme, S. Ivorra, J. Terral, Evi Margaritis","doi":"10.1007/s00334-023-00943-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-023-00943-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46987482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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