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REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM LANDFILL LEACH WATER USINGPYROPHYLLITE AS ADSORBENT 利用叶蜡石作为吸附剂去除垃圾填埋场浸出水中的重金属
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.57131/jstm.2023.4.2
J. Kustura, Belma Halilhodžić, Enita Kurtanović, Amra Čizmić, Kenan Kozlo, A. Teletović, A. Hodžić, Muhamed Harbinja
Leachate water from sanitary landfills represents one of the most complex global environmental problems. This paper examines the possibility of using aluminosilicate material, pyrophyllite, from the Parsovići deposit, as an adsorbent. It was researched the influence of two granulations of pyrophyllite (0-53 μm and 0-100 μm) on the degree of adsorption of heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Mn) from leachate water from the municipal landfill "Desetine", Tuzla. The adsorption experiment was performed using the Batch method, depending on the contact time between the adsorbent and the adsorbate, the mixing speed, and the mass of the adsorbent, pyrophyllite, through two treatments. The results indicate a higher efficiency of the finer fraction of pyrophyllite, and in the competition of the three examined metals, iron is completely removed in the first treatment with both granulations and then nickel with finer granulation and manganese with coarser. After the first treatment, the unpleasant smell was removed, which is certainly a consequence of the removal of ammonia compounds as the most abundant compounds in leachate water. In these pioneering researches, pyrophyllite proved to be effective, and at the same time, it is a cheap, easily available, and environmentally friendly material for leachate water purification.
卫生填埋场的渗滤液是全球最复杂的环境问题之一。本文探讨了利用Parsovići矿床中的铝硅酸盐材料叶蜡石作为吸附剂的可能性。研究了两种叶蜡石颗粒(0 ~ 53 μm和0 ~ 100 μm)对图兹拉市“Desetine”城市垃圾渗滤液中重金属(Fe、Ni、Mn)吸附程度的影响。根据吸附剂与吸附质的接触时间、混合速度和吸附剂叶蜡石的质量,通过两种处理,采用间歇式吸附法进行吸附实验。结果表明,细粒叶叶石的效率较高,在三种金属的竞争中,先用两种造粒处理铁,再用细粒处理镍,粗粒处理锰。在第一次处理后,难闻的气味被去除,这当然是去除氨化合物的结果,氨化合物是渗滤液中最丰富的化合物。在这些开创性的研究中,叶蜡石被证明是有效的,同时,它是一种廉价、容易获得、环保的渗滤液水净化材料。
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引用次数: 0
EFFECT OF ADDITION OF WET-STRENGTH AGENT ON TENSILE STRENGTH OF PAPER 湿强剂的加入对纸张抗拉强度的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.57131/jstm.2023.4.5
Edina Husić, Šefkija Botonjić
Wet-strength paper production is of great significance due to its prominent importance in everyday consumer activities. Recently, market demands for paper with specific properties and purposes are increasing. Production of these paper types is very challenging for the manufacturer since they have to meet very specific demands. Wet-strength paper products include bags that come in contact with moisture and wet products, hygienic and kitchen towels, paper towels, packaging products (packages for liquids, aseptic dishes, and a variety of packaging for food), and other special purposes items (tea bags, coffee filters, paper money, etc.) Throughout this research, the focus was on the effects a wetstrength agent has on the tensile strength of paper. The wet strength property of paper is the ratio between the strength of paper in the wet and dry state. The strength in the dry state comes from the hydrogen bonds present in natural cellulose, while the strength of paper in the wet state requires waterproof (covalent) bonds created by the use of a wet strength agent. The wet strength agent used is a cationic PAE resin. The aim of the work is to determine the optimal amount of agent needed in relation to the required value of the tensile strength property of the paper. The investigation of these influences was carried out on Semi Extensible Standard Kraft type of paper in Natron-Hayat.
湿强纸的生产在日常消费活动中具有重要意义。最近,市场对具有特定性能和用途的纸张的需求正在增加。生产这些类型的纸张对制造商来说是非常具有挑战性的,因为它们必须满足非常具体的要求。湿强纸制品包括与湿气和湿产品接触的袋子、卫生巾和厨房毛巾、纸巾、包装产品(液体包装、无菌餐具包装和各种食品包装)和其他特殊用途物品(茶包、咖啡过滤器、纸币等)。在整个研究中,重点是湿强剂对纸张抗拉强度的影响。纸的湿强性能是指纸在湿状态和干状态下的强度之比。干燥状态下的强度来自天然纤维素中存在的氢键,而纸张在潮湿状态下的强度需要使用湿强剂形成的防水(共价键)。湿强剂是一种阳离子PAE树脂。这项工作的目的是确定与纸张抗拉强度性能所需值相关的最佳剂用量。在Natron-Hayat中对半可伸缩标准牛皮纸进行了这些影响的研究。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION METHOD AND STABILIZING AGENT ON STRUCTUREOF ALUMINUM METAL FOAMS 金属铝泡沫的生产方法及结构稳定剂分析
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.57131/jstm.2023.4.3
Karla Grgic, Igor Ćulum, B. Lela, J. Krolo, S. Jozić
Aluminium alloy foams are a form of porous metal whose structure resembles the shape of natural materials such as coral, bone, sponge, etc. Due to their structure, these materials retain good mechanical properties of the base material while being significantly lighter than non-porous metal. Metal foams can be used as energy and vibration absorbers, heat exchangers, insulators, and filters. The main disadvantage of this type of material is its high production cost. To reduce production costs, aluminium alloy chips are used as base material. Foams are made of A360 and AA 7075 aluminium alloys. To produce a porous structure, CaCO3 is used as a foaming agent while Zn and CaO were added as stabilizing agents. The main goal of the paper was to investigate the difference in the shape of pores and relative density after foaming with different stabilizing agents.
铝合金泡沫是一种多孔金属,其结构类似于珊瑚、骨头、海绵等天然材料的形状。由于它们的结构,这些材料保留了基材的良好机械性能,同时比无孔金属轻得多。金属泡沫可以用作能量和振动的吸收器、热交换器、绝缘体和过滤器。这种材料的主要缺点是生产成本高。为降低生产成本,采用铝合金芯片作为基材。泡沫由A360和AA 7075铝合金制成。采用CaCO3作为发泡剂,添加Zn和CaO作为稳定剂制备多孔结构。本文的主要目的是研究不同稳定剂对发泡后孔隙形状和相对密度的影响。
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引用次数: 0
INFLUENCE OF CURRENT DENSITY ON LEACHATE TREATMENT EFFICIENCY BYELECTROCOAGULATION WITH ZEOLITE ADDITION 电流密度对添加沸石电混凝处理渗滤液效率的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.57131/jstm.2023.4.1
N. Vukojević Medvidović, Ladisav Vrsalović, Sandra Svilović, Mirjana Cestarić
The electrocoagulation with zeolite addition was used to treat compost leachate. The effects of different current densities and zeolite particle sizes on electrode dissolution, electrode surface condition, and removal efficiency were investigated. The surface of the electrodes was analysed by optical microscope, while the consumption of the aluminium electrodes was investigated by weighing. The results confirmed that the removal efficiency could be improved by conducting the experiment at higher current densities, but the electrodes used were significantly more damaged. Significant damage was also observed on the electrode used in the experiment with larger zeolite particles, which can be related to the stronger abrasion effect.
采用加沸石电混凝法处理堆肥渗滤液。研究了不同电流密度和沸石粒径对电极溶解、电极表面状况和去除效率的影响。用光学显微镜对电极表面进行了分析,并对铝电极的消耗量进行了称重。结果证实,在更高的电流密度下进行实验可以提高去除效率,但所用电极的损伤程度明显更大。沸石颗粒较大时,实验所用的电极也出现了明显的损伤,这可能与磨蚀效果较强有关。
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引用次数: 0
EFFECT OF PARTICLE SHAPE AND SIZE OF COPPER POWDERS ON THEPROPERTIES OF SINTERED PARTS 铜粉颗粒形状和尺寸对烧结件性能的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.57131/jstm.2023.4.4
I. Marković, Stevan Trujić, D. Manasijević, Ljubiša Balanović, Uroš Stamenković, Milijana Mitrović
The particle shape and size of the starting powders represent the most important physical properties, on which the quality of the compacts and final sintered products depends. Two types of powder were analyzed in the paper - electrolytic copper powder with a dendritic particle shape and water-atomized copper powder with an irregular particle shape. The starting powders were sieved through a sieve system with openings of 45 μm, 80 μm, and 120 μm. The characterization of the obtained fractions of both powders was performed by determining the shape and dimensions of the particles using SEM microscopy in combination with ImageJ software, and the apparent density and flow rate were determined using the Hall flowmeter funnel. Pressing of each powder fraction was done using a pressure of 600 MPa. The compacts were further sintered at 1000°C for 2 hours to obtain the final sintered parts. After sintering, their density, hardness, and electrical conductivity were determined and their microstructure was analyzed. The results indicate a great influence of the characteristics of the starting powders on the properties of the final parts obtained by the powder metallurgy route. The particle shape of the powders had a more pronounced influence compared to the particle size.
起始粉末的颗粒形状和大小代表了最重要的物理性质,这取决于压坯和最终烧结产品的质量。本文分析了两种类型的粉末——枝晶状的电解铜粉和不规则形状的水雾化铜粉。起始粉末通过45 μm、80 μm和120 μm的筛孔系统进行筛选。利用SEM显微镜结合ImageJ软件测定颗粒的形状和尺寸,利用霍尔流量计漏斗测定表观密度和流速,对两种粉末的所得组分进行表征。在600 MPa的压力下,对每个粉末馏分进行压制。进一步在1000℃下烧结2小时,得到最终烧结件。烧结后测定其密度、硬度、电导率,并分析其显微组织。研究结果表明,初始粉末的特性对粉末冶金工艺制件的性能有很大影响。粉末的颗粒形状比颗粒大小有更明显的影响。
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引用次数: 0
POLYMERIC MATERIALS IN GLUING TECHNIQUES 粘合技术中的高分子材料
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.57131/jstm.2023.4.6
Š. Mandal, A. Sapcanin
Polymeric materials have an important role in gluing technology due to their broad application in the wood industry, metal industry, glass, and ceramics industry as well as medicine. This article discusses the basic physicochemical aspects of bonding with adhesives and also, the mechanisms of action of the adhesive materials during bonding based on polymerization processes and different types of polymerization. It was emphasized that depending on the material used in gluing, various adhesives with different physicochemical characteristics facilitate and contribute to the quality of the bonded joints. In this way, it is an insured procedure that is suitable for materials that are sensitive to the effects of heat, because welding and soldering would deform the base material and often the total degradation of its mechanical properties.
高分子材料在木材工业、金属工业、玻璃工业、陶瓷工业以及医药工业中有着广泛的应用,在胶接技术中占有重要的地位。本文讨论了胶粘剂粘合的基本物理化学方面的问题,以及基于聚合工艺和不同类型的聚合,胶粘剂材料在粘合过程中的作用机制。会议强调,根据胶接所用材料的不同,具有不同物理化学特性的各种粘合剂有助于提高粘合接头的质量。这样,它是一种保险的程序,适用于对热影响敏感的材料,因为焊接和焊接会使基材变形,并且通常会使其机械性能完全退化。
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引用次数: 0
ON ONE ASPECT OF SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING Power Consumption vs Productivity 关于可持续生产的一个方面,能源消耗vs生产力
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.57131/jstm.2022.2.1
E. Begovic, Ibrahim Plančić, S. Ekinović, Vedran Mizdrak
The paper presents one aspect of the analysis of energy consumption and productivity of the manufacturing operation. As an example of the operation, the operation of turning with a single-blade tool was taken. Sustainable development in its general concept implies sustainable materials, sustainable design, and sustainable manufacturing. This paper presents an analysis of one important part of sustainable manufacturing, and that is energy saving. The experimental study was conducted as follows. In laboratory conditions, an experimental-mathematical regression model of the relationship between cutting force and processing conditions was defined. Machining experiments were performed under ECO-friendly conditions with technology known as MQCL (Minimum Quantity Cooling Lubrication) machining. The obtained mathematical model was used to calculate the energy consumption and the workpiece material removal rate (MRR, productivity). The results of the analysis showed that there is a lot of space for optimization of machining conditions from the aspect of power consumption, with mandatory calculation and other machining costs, above all, the cost of tools and machine tools. In this regard, recommendations for analysis with the aim of power saving are given.
本文从一个方面对制造作业的能耗和生产率进行了分析。以单刀车削加工为例进行了分析。可持续发展的一般概念意味着可持续材料、可持续设计和可持续制造。本文分析了可持续制造的一个重要组成部分,即节能。实验研究进行如下。在实验室条件下,建立了切削力与加工条件关系的实验数学回归模型。采用MQCL(最小量冷却润滑)加工技术在环保条件下进行加工实验。利用得到的数学模型计算了能耗和工件材料去除率(MRR,生产率)。分析结果表明,加工条件从功耗方面有很大的优化空间,有强制计算和其他加工成本,首先是刀具和机床的成本。在这方面,提出了以节能为目的的分析建议。
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引用次数: 0
PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CLAY “ČAVKA” WITH FLY ASH “STANARI” IN BRICK PRODUCTION 用粉煤灰“stanari”部分替代砖生产中的粘土“Čavka”
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.57131/jstm.2022.2.3
M. Jovanović, A. Mujkanović, N. Bušatlić, Elma Selimović
Fly ash class F from Thermal Power Plant “Stanari” was used in combination with highly plastic brick clay from Busovača to develop building bricks. The brick clay and fly ash were characterized for chemical and mineralogical composition, grain size distribution, and specific gravity. The fly ash has a higher proportion of larger particles and lower specific gravity than clay. The brick clay was mixed with 20, 40, and 60 wt. % of fly ash, formed in a prismatic shape, dried and then fired at 800, 900, and 1000 °C. The fired prisms were characterized for water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent density, and strength and compared with conventional clay prisms. The addition of fly ash of 20, 40, and 60% reduced the mass of the samples by 14, 23, and 31%, increased apparent porosity by 60, 100, and 160%, and reduced the compressive strength by 50, 80, and 90%, respectively. Conductedtests and comparative studies have shown that the fly ash “Stanari” can be used as an additive to the clay “Čavka” in the maximum amount of 20 % and the optimum firing temperature is 900 °C.
采用“斯坦纳里”火电厂的F级粉煤灰与busova a的高塑性砖粘土结合制成建筑砖。对砖粘土和粉煤灰的化学矿物组成、粒度分布和比重进行了表征。与粘土相比,粉煤灰的大颗粒比例更高,比重更低。砖粘土与20%、40%和60%的粉煤灰混合,形成棱柱状,干燥,然后在800、900和1000°C下烧制。对烧制的陶瓷棱镜的吸水率、表观孔隙率、表观密度和强度进行了表征,并与传统的粘土棱镜进行了比较。粉煤灰掺量为20%、40%和60%时,试样质量分别降低14%、23%和31%,表观孔隙率分别提高60%、100%和160%,抗压强度分别降低50%、80%和90%。试验和对比研究表明,粉煤灰“Stanari”可作为粘土“Čavka”的添加剂,用量最大为20%,最佳烧成温度为900℃。
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引用次数: 1
ANALYSIS OF MEASURED ROAD AND RAILWAY TRAFFIC NOISE LEVELS WITH NOISE MAPPING AND PROPOSED ACTIVITIES 分析已测量的道路及铁路交通噪音声级,并绘制噪音图及建议的活动
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.57131/jstm.2022.2.5
Nusret Imaović, Zijad Selimović, Haris Puščul, Emina Kadušić
Due to the fast process of urbanization and the increase in the development of transport infrastructure, there is an increase in noise levels caused by road and railway traffic in urban areas, which represents one of the most important today's problems. The goal of this paper is to find out the current noise levels of road and railway traffic. Measuring road traffic noise levels in the area of the city of Zenica and the railway traffic noise in the vicinity of the Railway Station in Kakanj has been done. In the end, the analysis of the obtained results and comparisons with the values regulated by the law as allowed values were performed. Noise level maps were also plotted as one of the contributions to solving the problem of environmental noise.
由于城市化的快速发展和交通基础设施的不断发展,城市地区公路和铁路交通造成的噪音水平不断增加,这是当今最重要的问题之一。本文的目的是找出目前公路和铁路交通的噪音水平。已经测量了泽尼察市地区的道路交通噪音水平和卡坎尼火车站附近的铁路交通噪音水平。最后对所得结果进行了分析,并与法律规定的允许值进行了比较。噪声级图也被绘制出来,作为解决环境噪声问题的贡献之一。
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引用次数: 0
EFFECT OF NANO-SILICA ADDITION ON PHYSICO-MECHANICALPROPERTIES AND DURABILITY OF CONCRETE 纳米二氧化硅掺量对混凝土物理力学性能和耐久性的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.57131/jstm.2022.2.2
A. Mujkanović, Anesa Bitić, M. Jovanović, Nevzet Merdić, Amel Zahirović, A. Karić
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the effect of nano-silica addition on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. Three mixes of concrete containing 0%, 2%, and 4% nano-silica by weight of cement were tested. The slump of fresh concrete as well as compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity at 2, 7, 28, 90, and 180 days, and flexural strength at 2, 28, and 90 days of hardened concrete were determined. As for indicators of concrete durability, the total volume of permeable voids, water absorption, the rate of water absorption, and the freeze-thaw scaling resistance were determined. Test results showed that the incorporation of nano-silica in concrete resulted in an improvement of all mechanical properties of concrete, as well as concrete durability parameters that are tested.
本文介绍了纳米二氧化硅对混凝土力学性能和耐久性影响的试验研究结果。试验了三种水泥掺量分别为0%、2%和4%纳米二氧化硅的混凝土。测定了新拌混凝土的坍落度以及2、7、28、90和180天的抗压强度和动态弹性模量,以及硬化混凝土2、28和90天的抗弯强度。混凝土耐久性指标为透水空隙总量、吸水率、吸水率、抗冻融结垢性能。试验结果表明,纳米二氧化硅在混凝土中的掺入使混凝土的各项力学性能得到改善,并改善了混凝土的耐久性参数。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Sustainable Technologies and Materials
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