Urologiia最新文献

Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of therapy with Prostatex plus rectal suppositories in the treatment of patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Materials and methods: A total of 50 men with chronic abacterial prostatitis of category III A, occurring in combination with BPH, were included in the study. All patients received Prostatex plus (rectal suppositories) 1 suppository 1 time per day. The duration of treatment was 20 days. After taking the drug, patients were followed-up for 40 days. There were three follow-up visits during the study period (days 1, 20 and 60).

Results: The study proved that the use of Prostatex plus rectal suppositories has a positive effect on urinary parameters, subjective and objective symptoms of chronic abacterial prostatitis and BPH, which allowed to recommend it for this group of patients, according to the following scheme: 1 suppository 1 time per day for 20 days.

Urethral diverticulum is a pathological lesion characterized by a sac-shaped protrusion of the urethra. Diverticulum is a rare condition in the urological practice. Clinical case. The diagnosis, conservative management of diverticulum during pregnancy and surgical treatment on the 7th day after natural childbirth is presented in the article. A review of similar cases showed that urethral diverticulum in pregnant women should be managed conservatively, using antibiotic therapy, anesthesia, puncture aspiration, and cystoscopic drainage. Diverticulectomy during pregnancy is not recommended, as it is associated with increased anesthetic and surgical risks. It is necessary to carry out additional training of urologists, obstetricians, gynecologists to improve knowledge about this rare disease.

We have analyzed the recent literature regarding varicocelectomy in men from infertile couples. The specific pathogenesis of testicular dysfunction in some men with varicocele is still unclear. Recent European and American urological guidelines suggest treatment of varicocele in infertile men with "abnormal" sperm parameters. Although, according to the 6th edition of WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen the threshold values between normal and abnormal semen parameters are not given. It is also still unclear why approximately a third of patients do not experience improvement in fertility after varicocelectomy. According to a recent analysis, the total progressive motile sperm count (TPMSC) and sperm concentration may be important predictors of improved ejaculate quality and pregnancy after varicocelectomy. However, it should be noted that the quality of the published studies was low to moderate. All of these issues point to the need for further large-scale, multicenter, randomized clinical trials.

With the development and spread of artificial intelligence, technologies based on the neural networks (for example, large language models) have attracted the most attention as promising methods for analyzing and processing data in various fields. Large language models (LLMs) are systems trained on huge amounts of text data and capable of generating answers to user queries. Examples of well-known LLMs are ChatGPT, Bing, Sparrow, BlenderBot, Bard, YandexGPT, GigaChat and others. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) plays an important role in scientific and research work, including processing of medical data, making diagnoses, drafting scientific papers and documentation, writing articles, reviews and other academic materials. The evolution and use of large language models in various fields of medicine (and beyond) is presented in the article. In addition, the prospects for their future use, obstacles that hinder their active implementation and the importance of monitoring their use are analyzed.

This review highlights modern aspects of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of bladder leukoplakia. The search was conducted using Medline, PubMed, and EMBASE databases. Data from a literature search indicate that leukoplakia of the bladder (LMP) is one of the controversial diseases of the urinary system, which is characterized by dystrophic and proliferative changes in the urothelium of Lietos triangle. The authors of various studies focus on the involvement of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the bladder in the development of this condition in the presence of predisposing factors.