In this article on legislative reform, the RCVS details the work that has been undertaken over the previous 12 months with Defra and other stakeholders, explaining its position on the RCVS' structure and what the next steps are likely to be in the process.
Background: In cattle and small ruminants, blood lactate can predict recovery and survival in various diseases. Increased lactate concentration is associated with an unfavourable-to-poor prognosis. Different mobile rapid lactate measurement devices have been explored in different animal species. This study evaluated one device for use in ruminants.
Methods: Venous blood samples were taken from 111 cattle, 132 sheep, 101 goats and 57 South American camelids, and the StatStrip Xpress Lactate (Nova Biomedical) was used to evaluate lactate concentrations. The RAPIDPoint 500e blood gas analysis system (Siemens Healthineers) was the reference standard.
Results: There was a strong positive correlation between the two measurement methods (Spearman rank correlation-cattle: r = 0.963, p < 0.001; sheep: r = 0.986, p < 0.001; goats: r = 0.971, p < 0.001; South American camelids: r = 0.852, p > 0.001). The Passing‒Bablok regression showed proportional and systematic differences between the methods.
Limitation: The number of blood samples from South American camelids was relatively low.
Conclusion: The StatStrip Xpress Lactate rapid measurement method is a suitable diagnostic tool for safely determining venous blood lactate concentration in cattle, small ruminants and South American camelids.
Background: This retrospective study examined the incidence, diagnostic methods, bacterial isolates, treatments and outcomes associated with cystitis in guinea pigs presented at a single clinic between 2009 and 2022.
Methods: The clinic's medical records database was reviewed using easyvet software to identify cases eligible for inclusion in the study. Inclusion criteria were leukocyturia and/or bacteriuria, with at least one radiographic and one ultrasonographic examination. Culture-confirmed cases with imaging-based diagnoses were also included.
Results: Forty-six guinea pigs met the inclusion criteria. Clinical signs included haematuria (n = 12), incontinence (n = 10), stranguria (n = 5), abdominal discomfort (n = 6), inappetence (n = 8), weight loss (n = 4) and apathy (n = 3). Ultrasonography revealed ascites (28%), peritonitis (33%) and urinary bladder sludge (63%). Bacterial isolates were obtained in 21 cases, with Corynebacterium renale (50%) and Staphylococcus spp. (21%) being most frequently isolated. Resistance to fluoroquinolones was observed, while the highest susceptibility was observed with chloramphenicol. Recurrence/reinfection occurred in 37% of cases, and the median survival time was 249 days. Euthanasia owing to severe cystitis was required in 24% of cases.
Limitations: The absence of urine culture in 25 cases reduced diagnostic certainty. The retrospective nature limited full assessment of antimicrobial resistance patterns.
Conclusion: Cystitis involving C. renale was linked to chronic progression and high recurrence rates.
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