Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2001)155[0593:AMFONT]2.0.CO;2
D. Levin-Plotnik, R. Hamilton, A. Niemierko, S. Akselrod
Abstract Levin-Plotnik, D., Hamilton, R. J., Niemierko, A. and Akselrod, S. A Model for Optimizing Normal Tissue Complication Probability in the Spinal Cord Using a Generalized Incomplete Repair Scheme. The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment protocol, in terms of dose fractions and interfraction intervals, which minimizes normal tissue complication probability in the spinal cord for a given total treatment dose and treatment time. We generalize the concept of incomplete repair in the linear-quadratic model, allowing for arbitrary dose fractions and interfraction intervals. This is incorporated into a previously presented model of normal tissue complication probability for the spinal cord. Equations are derived for both mono-exponential and bi-exponential repair schemes, regarding each dose fraction and interfraction interval as an independent parameter, subject to the constraints of fixed total treatment dose and treatment time. When the interfraction intervals are fixed and equal, an exact analytical solution is found. The general problem is nonlinear and is solved numerically using simulated annealing. For constant interfraction intervals and varying dose fractions, we find that optimal normal tissue complication probability is obtained by two large and equal doses at the start and conclusion of the treatment, with the rest of the doses equal to one another and smaller than the two dose spikes. A similar result is obtained for bi-exponential repair. For the general case where the interfraction intervals are discrete and also vary, the pattern of two large dose spikes is maintained, while the interfraction intervals oscillate between the smallest two values. As the minimum interfraction interval is reduced, the normal tissue complication probability decreases, indicating that the global minimum is achieved in the continuum limit, where the dose delivered by the “middle” fractions is given continuously at a low dose rate. Furthermore, for bi-exponential repair, it is seen that as the slow component of repair becomes increasingly dominant as the magnitude of the dose spikes decreases. Continuous low-dose-rate irradiation with dose spikes at the start and end of treatment yields the lowest normal tissue complication probability in the spinal cord, given a fixed total dose and total treatment time, for both mono-exponential and bi-exponential repair. The magnitudes of the dose spikes can be calculated analytically, and are in close agreement with the numerical results.
Levin-Plotnik, D, Hamilton, R. J, Niemierko, A.和Akselrod, S.使用广义不完全修复方案优化脊髓正常组织并发症概率的模型。本研究的目的是确定治疗方案，在给定的总治疗剂量和治疗时间内，根据剂量分数和干预间隔，最大限度地减少脊髓正常组织并发症的可能性。我们在线性二次模型中推广了不完全修复的概念，允许任意剂量分数和干涉间隔。这被纳入先前提出的脊髓正常组织并发症概率模型。推导了单指数修复方案和双指数修复方案的方程，在固定的总治疗剂量和治疗时间约束下，将每个剂量分数和插入间隔作为一个独立的参数。当干涉间隔固定且相等时，得到了精确的解析解。一般问题是非线性的，采用模拟退火方法进行数值求解。对于一定的干涉间隔和不同的剂量分数，我们发现在治疗开始和结束时两个大而相等的剂量获得最佳的正常组织并发症概率，其余剂量彼此相等且小于两个剂量峰值。双指数修复也得到了类似的结果。对于一般情况下，当干涉间隔是离散的并且也变化时，两个大剂量尖峰的模式被保持，而干涉间隔在最小的两个值之间振荡。随着最小干涉间隔的减小，正常组织并发症的概率降低，表明在连续极限中达到了全局最小值，其中“中间”部分以低剂量率连续给予剂量。此外，对于双指数修复，可以看出，随着剂量峰值的减小，修复的缓慢成分变得越来越占主导地位。在固定的总剂量和总治疗时间下，对于单指数和双指数修复，在治疗开始和结束时具有剂量峰值的连续低剂量率照射产生脊髓正常组织并发症的概率最低。剂量峰的大小可以用解析方法计算，与数值结果非常吻合。
{"title":"A Model for Optimizing Normal Tissue Complication Probability in the Spinal Cord Using a Generalized Incomplete Repair Scheme","authors":"D. Levin-Plotnik, R. Hamilton, A. Niemierko, S. Akselrod","doi":"10.1667/0033-7587(2001)155[0593:AMFONT]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1667/0033-7587(2001)155[0593:AMFONT]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Levin-Plotnik, D., Hamilton, R. J., Niemierko, A. and Akselrod, S. A Model for Optimizing Normal Tissue Complication Probability in the Spinal Cord Using a Generalized Incomplete Repair Scheme. The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment protocol, in terms of dose fractions and interfraction intervals, which minimizes normal tissue complication probability in the spinal cord for a given total treatment dose and treatment time. We generalize the concept of incomplete repair in the linear-quadratic model, allowing for arbitrary dose fractions and interfraction intervals. This is incorporated into a previously presented model of normal tissue complication probability for the spinal cord. Equations are derived for both mono-exponential and bi-exponential repair schemes, regarding each dose fraction and interfraction interval as an independent parameter, subject to the constraints of fixed total treatment dose and treatment time. When the interfraction intervals are fixed and equal, an exact analytical solution is found. The general problem is nonlinear and is solved numerically using simulated annealing. For constant interfraction intervals and varying dose fractions, we find that optimal normal tissue complication probability is obtained by two large and equal doses at the start and conclusion of the treatment, with the rest of the doses equal to one another and smaller than the two dose spikes. A similar result is obtained for bi-exponential repair. For the general case where the interfraction intervals are discrete and also vary, the pattern of two large dose spikes is maintained, while the interfraction intervals oscillate between the smallest two values. As the minimum interfraction interval is reduced, the normal tissue complication probability decreases, indicating that the global minimum is achieved in the continuum limit, where the dose delivered by the “middle” fractions is given continuously at a low dose rate. Furthermore, for bi-exponential repair, it is seen that as the slow component of repair becomes increasingly dominant as the magnitude of the dose spikes decreases. Continuous low-dose-rate irradiation with dose spikes at the start and end of treatment yields the lowest normal tissue complication probability in the spinal cord, given a fixed total dose and total treatment time, for both mono-exponential and bi-exponential repair. The magnitudes of the dose spikes can be calculated analytically, and are in close agreement with the numerical results.","PeriodicalId":235796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Cat. No.00CH37143)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127247842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900850
Hyo-Jung Chun, Sin-Young Cheong, J.-H. Han, S. Heo, J.-P. Chung, Y.-C. Choi, I. Rhyu, M.H. Kim
Finite element analyses were performed to study effects on stress distribution generated in jaw bone for various shapes of dental implants: plateau type, plateau with small radius of curvature, triangular thread screw type in accordance with ISO regulations, square thread screw type in accordance with ISO regulations and square thread screw filleted with small radius partially. It was found that square thread screw filleted with small radius was more effective on stress distribution than other dental implants used in analyses. Additional analyses were performed on the implant with square thread screw filleted with small radius for varying design parameters, such as the width of thread end, the height of the thread of the implant and load direction, to determine the optimum dimensions of the implant. The highest stress concentration occurred at the region in jaw bone adjacent to the first thread of the implant. The maximum effective stress induced by a 15 degree oblique load of 100 N was twice as high as the maximum effective stress caused by an equal amount of vertical load. Stress distribution was more effective in the case when the width of thread end and the height of thread were p/2 and 0.46p, respectively, where p is the pitch of thread. At last, using tensile force calculated from the possible insert torque without breaking bone thread, finite element analysis was performed on the implant to calculate pre-stress when the primary fixation of the implant was operated in jaw bone. The maximum effective stress was 136.8 MPa which was proven to be safe.
{"title":"Effects of design parameters of osseointegrated implant on stress distribution in law bone","authors":"Hyo-Jung Chun, Sin-Young Cheong, J.-H. Han, S. Heo, J.-P. Chung, Y.-C. Choi, I. Rhyu, M.H. Kim","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900850","url":null,"abstract":"Finite element analyses were performed to study effects on stress distribution generated in jaw bone for various shapes of dental implants: plateau type, plateau with small radius of curvature, triangular thread screw type in accordance with ISO regulations, square thread screw type in accordance with ISO regulations and square thread screw filleted with small radius partially. It was found that square thread screw filleted with small radius was more effective on stress distribution than other dental implants used in analyses. Additional analyses were performed on the implant with square thread screw filleted with small radius for varying design parameters, such as the width of thread end, the height of the thread of the implant and load direction, to determine the optimum dimensions of the implant. The highest stress concentration occurred at the region in jaw bone adjacent to the first thread of the implant. The maximum effective stress induced by a 15 degree oblique load of 100 N was twice as high as the maximum effective stress caused by an equal amount of vertical load. Stress distribution was more effective in the case when the width of thread end and the height of thread were p/2 and 0.46p, respectively, where p is the pitch of thread. At last, using tensile force calculated from the possible insert torque without breaking bone thread, finite element analysis was performed on the implant to calculate pre-stress when the primary fixation of the implant was operated in jaw bone. The maximum effective stress was 136.8 MPa which was proven to be safe.","PeriodicalId":235796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Cat. No.00CH37143)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129794633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2000.897935
M. Oldham, J. Siewerdsen, A. Shetty, D. Jaffray
Radiation sensitive gels, including BANG and Fricke-gels, are at the forefront of research into improved dosimetry techniques. Despite being the only dosimeter that offers true 3D information about the dose-distribution, radiation sensitive gels have to-date made little impact in most clinics. This is due to the fact that the field is still new and rapidly developing, but also due to the high cost and high noise characteristics of the standard way of reading these gels-MR scanning. To circumvent these difficulties several groups are looking at an alternative low-cost approach to reading the gels, using laser based optical-CT scanning. In this paper we report on an optical CT scanning system recently developed in our lab, and a preliminary study which compares, for the same gel samples, MR with optical scanning. The comparison has two parts: (a) calibration methods and accuracy, and (b) noise and resolution in dosimetric images. We also outline a novel optical calibration method with primary advantages in terms of speed and robustness. The important feature of the study is that each scanning method was applied to the same gel samples.
{"title":"An investigation comparing optical CT with MR scanning for polymer gel dosimetry","authors":"M. Oldham, J. Siewerdsen, A. Shetty, D. Jaffray","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2000.897935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2000.897935","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation sensitive gels, including BANG and Fricke-gels, are at the forefront of research into improved dosimetry techniques. Despite being the only dosimeter that offers true 3D information about the dose-distribution, radiation sensitive gels have to-date made little impact in most clinics. This is due to the fact that the field is still new and rapidly developing, but also due to the high cost and high noise characteristics of the standard way of reading these gels-MR scanning. To circumvent these difficulties several groups are looking at an alternative low-cost approach to reading the gels, using laser based optical-CT scanning. In this paper we report on an optical CT scanning system recently developed in our lab, and a preliminary study which compares, for the same gel samples, MR with optical scanning. The comparison has two parts: (a) calibration methods and accuracy, and (b) noise and resolution in dosimetric images. We also outline a novel optical calibration method with primary advantages in terms of speed and robustness. The important feature of the study is that each scanning method was applied to the same gel samples.","PeriodicalId":235796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Cat. No.00CH37143)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117096457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2000.901311
D. Rosnick, D. Bitzer, M. Vouk, E. May
Sequences upstream from coding regions in E. coli commonly possess significant complementarity to the exposed part of the 16S rRNA. This region is known as the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Free energy calculations for binding between homologous sequences suggest that this region is used as a landing site for construction of the ribosome around the mRNA. While strong upstream binding appears to be a condition for translation, it may not be sufficient. The authors' research suggests that the 16S has a continuing role throughout translation, particularly in ribosomal synchronization with the reading frame. The authors consider the entire E. coli genome of over 2000 forward coding sequences. Presence of strong upstream binding is confirmed, and a definite three-base periodic signal is observed. The distribution of bases parallels that needed to produce a signal of the type observed.
{"title":"Free energy periodicity in E. coli coding","authors":"D. Rosnick, D. Bitzer, M. Vouk, E. May","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2000.901311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2000.901311","url":null,"abstract":"Sequences upstream from coding regions in E. coli commonly possess significant complementarity to the exposed part of the 16S rRNA. This region is known as the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Free energy calculations for binding between homologous sequences suggest that this region is used as a landing site for construction of the ribosome around the mRNA. While strong upstream binding appears to be a condition for translation, it may not be sufficient. The authors' research suggests that the 16S has a continuing role throughout translation, particularly in ribosomal synchronization with the reading frame. The authors consider the entire E. coli genome of over 2000 forward coding sequences. Presence of strong upstream binding is confirmed, and a definite three-base periodic signal is observed. The distribution of bases parallels that needed to produce a signal of the type observed.","PeriodicalId":235796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Cat. No.00CH37143)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125108759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900521
J. Esthappan, M. Kupinski, L. Lan, Kenneth R. Hoffmann
The 3D orientation and position of an object, i.e., a configuration of points, can be determined by use of the single projection technique (SPT) from a single projection image, given the relative 3D positions of the points and initial estimates of the orientation and position. The accuracy of the SPT for the case of L-shaped catheters was evaluated in simulation studies. Catheter models were generated, oriented and positioned, and then projected onto an image plane to generate projection images. Gaussian-distributed noise was added to the image positions. The 3D orientations and positions of the catheters were determined using the SPT, which iteratively aligns the model points with their respective image positions. Studies indicate that the orientation and position of a catheter of diameter 0.18 cm can be determined to within 1.6/spl deg/ and 0.8 cm, respectively. These results are comparable to those obtained with a J-shaped catheter indicating that the technique is generally applicable independent of catheter shape. Studies indicate that the SPT may provide the basis for the automated determination of the orientations of catheters in vivo from single-plane projection images. This automated method may facilitate interventional procedures by eliminating the need for imaging the vasculature at various angulations of the gantry, and may, thereby, reduce procedure times, complications, and radiation dose. In the future, the information provided by the SPT may be employed by 3D vessel reconstruction techniques to extend conventional roadmapping techniques from 2D to 3D.
{"title":"A method for the determination of the 3D orientations and positions of catheters from single-plane X-ray images","authors":"J. Esthappan, M. Kupinski, L. Lan, Kenneth R. Hoffmann","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900521","url":null,"abstract":"The 3D orientation and position of an object, i.e., a configuration of points, can be determined by use of the single projection technique (SPT) from a single projection image, given the relative 3D positions of the points and initial estimates of the orientation and position. The accuracy of the SPT for the case of L-shaped catheters was evaluated in simulation studies. Catheter models were generated, oriented and positioned, and then projected onto an image plane to generate projection images. Gaussian-distributed noise was added to the image positions. The 3D orientations and positions of the catheters were determined using the SPT, which iteratively aligns the model points with their respective image positions. Studies indicate that the orientation and position of a catheter of diameter 0.18 cm can be determined to within 1.6/spl deg/ and 0.8 cm, respectively. These results are comparable to those obtained with a J-shaped catheter indicating that the technique is generally applicable independent of catheter shape. Studies indicate that the SPT may provide the basis for the automated determination of the orientations of catheters in vivo from single-plane projection images. This automated method may facilitate interventional procedures by eliminating the need for imaging the vasculature at various angulations of the gantry, and may, thereby, reduce procedure times, complications, and radiation dose. In the future, the information provided by the SPT may be employed by 3D vessel reconstruction techniques to extend conventional roadmapping techniques from 2D to 3D.","PeriodicalId":235796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Cat. No.00CH37143)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114624953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900837
T. Tanaka, Y. Murase
Deals with classification of sarcomas using textural features. The authors assume that sarcomas have a single texture and that the same scale is used for photographing the sarcoma images. 80 sorts of sarcomas are selected under those assumptions. First, the authors make database of templates of sarcomas using textural features. The intensity histogram, Fourier power spectrum, runlength matrix, fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrix are used as textural features. Second, sarcomas are collated by using template matching between unknown samples and the templates in the database. The success rate reached 92%. The result of this experiment shows the adequateness of proposed system.
{"title":"Classification of sarcomas using textural features","authors":"T. Tanaka, Y. Murase","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900837","url":null,"abstract":"Deals with classification of sarcomas using textural features. The authors assume that sarcomas have a single texture and that the same scale is used for photographing the sarcoma images. 80 sorts of sarcomas are selected under those assumptions. First, the authors make database of templates of sarcomas using textural features. The intensity histogram, Fourier power spectrum, runlength matrix, fractal dimension and co-occurrence matrix are used as textural features. Second, sarcomas are collated by using template matching between unknown samples and the templates in the database. The success rate reached 92%. The result of this experiment shows the adequateness of proposed system.","PeriodicalId":235796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Cat. No.00CH37143)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122607722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2000.898004
T. Shimookal, K. Ushida, I. Nakata, K. Ohsaki, K. Shimizu
Among the biological effects of an ELF electric field, we have been interested in the effect on immune cells. If an electric field can modulate the immunoresponse, it will provide a potentially useful technique in clinical practice. The effects of ELF electrostimulation on macrophages were investigated to pursue the possibility of immunomodulation using apparatus designed for electric field therapy. First, the current induced in the human body was estimated in a computer simulation and in an actual measurement. The maximum current density in the human body was estimated to be in the order of tens mA/m/sup 2/ when 10 kV was applied beneath the feet of the subject. The effect of electrostimulation on phagocytosis of macrophages was studied in vitro. The current density of the stimulation was 0.1 or 1 A/m/sup 2/, and the stimulation duration was 10 sec, 1 min or 1 h. Significant reductions of phagocytosis were observed in stimulated macrophages. There was not a significant statistical difference between the cases of 0.1 A/m/sup 2/ and 1 Alm/sup 2/, nor among the cases with the different durations of the stimulation. Although it is too early to judge whether the apparatus for electric field therapy is applicable to the immunomodulation, the results of this study showed the possibility that ELF electrostimulation can suppress the activity of macrophages.
{"title":"ELF electrostimulation on macrophages: possibility of immunomodulation by electric field","authors":"T. Shimookal, K. Ushida, I. Nakata, K. Ohsaki, K. Shimizu","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2000.898004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2000.898004","url":null,"abstract":"Among the biological effects of an ELF electric field, we have been interested in the effect on immune cells. If an electric field can modulate the immunoresponse, it will provide a potentially useful technique in clinical practice. The effects of ELF electrostimulation on macrophages were investigated to pursue the possibility of immunomodulation using apparatus designed for electric field therapy. First, the current induced in the human body was estimated in a computer simulation and in an actual measurement. The maximum current density in the human body was estimated to be in the order of tens mA/m/sup 2/ when 10 kV was applied beneath the feet of the subject. The effect of electrostimulation on phagocytosis of macrophages was studied in vitro. The current density of the stimulation was 0.1 or 1 A/m/sup 2/, and the stimulation duration was 10 sec, 1 min or 1 h. Significant reductions of phagocytosis were observed in stimulated macrophages. There was not a significant statistical difference between the cases of 0.1 A/m/sup 2/ and 1 Alm/sup 2/, nor among the cases with the different durations of the stimulation. Although it is too early to judge whether the apparatus for electric field therapy is applicable to the immunomodulation, the results of this study showed the possibility that ELF electrostimulation can suppress the activity of macrophages.","PeriodicalId":235796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Cat. No.00CH37143)","volume":"670-671 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127556770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900810
T. Uchiyama, R. Kimura, M. Murayama
The purpose of this study is to estimate the elastic- and viscous-like properties of the human upper arm using the pushing method. Healthy male subjects put their upper arms horizontally on a table. Their arms were fixed to the table with tapes. An indenter was placed 1-2 mm over the upper arm. When the indenter was moved vertically with a robot arm, the displacement y of the indenter and the force f was measured. The relationship between the displacement y and the force f was modeled with an elastic component, a viscous component and the friction of the indenter using the simplex method. In the authors' model, an elastic coefficient k and a viscous coefficient d are expressed with a polynomials of the indentation depth x. The elastic coefficient and the viscous coefficient were well modeled with the third and the first order polynomials of the depth, respectively. The relationship between the elastic coefficient and the depth were independent of the indentation velocity. However, the viscous coefficient decreased with increasing indentation velocity.
{"title":"Elastic- and viscous-like property of the upper arm estimated by the pushing method","authors":"T. Uchiyama, R. Kimura, M. Murayama","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900810","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to estimate the elastic- and viscous-like properties of the human upper arm using the pushing method. Healthy male subjects put their upper arms horizontally on a table. Their arms were fixed to the table with tapes. An indenter was placed 1-2 mm over the upper arm. When the indenter was moved vertically with a robot arm, the displacement y of the indenter and the force f was measured. The relationship between the displacement y and the force f was modeled with an elastic component, a viscous component and the friction of the indenter using the simplex method. In the authors' model, an elastic coefficient k and a viscous coefficient d are expressed with a polynomials of the indentation depth x. The elastic coefficient and the viscous coefficient were well modeled with the third and the first order polynomials of the depth, respectively. The relationship between the elastic coefficient and the depth were independent of the indentation velocity. However, the viscous coefficient decreased with increasing indentation velocity.","PeriodicalId":235796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Cat. No.00CH37143)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123937771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900863
Y. Taka, Y. Kato, K. Shimizu
With a near-infrared (NIR) light, one can get a transillumination image of a living body. Further, one can quantify the physiological change in the body as the change in light attenuation. A fundamental study has been conducted to visualize the functional change inside a living biological body using the NIR light. A technique was developed to visualize the attenuation change occurred in a diffuse scattering medium. Transillumination images are obtained before and after the physiological change. By taking the ratio of the transmitted intensities of these two images, one can obtain the spatial distribution of attenuation change while suppressing the effect of scattering. This principle was derived in theoretical analysis and its effectiveness was verified in experiments. To examine the applicability of this principle to a biological body, localized physiological changes were made in the mouse abdomen and the rat brain. The hypoxia in one of the mouse kidneys was visualized selectively from another normal kidney. The local increase in the blood volume was detected in the somatosensory area of a rat brain when its forelimb was electrically stimulated. The blood increase occurred in a symmetrical position with respect to the sagittal plane, when the forelimb of the opposite side was stimulated. Through these experiments, it was found that the changes in the tissue oxygenation and the blood volume could be detected noninvasively and that they are visualized in the transillumination images using the NIR light.
{"title":"Transillumination imaging of physiological functions by NIR light","authors":"Y. Taka, Y. Kato, K. Shimizu","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2000.900863","url":null,"abstract":"With a near-infrared (NIR) light, one can get a transillumination image of a living body. Further, one can quantify the physiological change in the body as the change in light attenuation. A fundamental study has been conducted to visualize the functional change inside a living biological body using the NIR light. A technique was developed to visualize the attenuation change occurred in a diffuse scattering medium. Transillumination images are obtained before and after the physiological change. By taking the ratio of the transmitted intensities of these two images, one can obtain the spatial distribution of attenuation change while suppressing the effect of scattering. This principle was derived in theoretical analysis and its effectiveness was verified in experiments. To examine the applicability of this principle to a biological body, localized physiological changes were made in the mouse abdomen and the rat brain. The hypoxia in one of the mouse kidneys was visualized selectively from another normal kidney. The local increase in the blood volume was detected in the somatosensory area of a rat brain when its forelimb was electrically stimulated. The blood increase occurred in a symmetrical position with respect to the sagittal plane, when the forelimb of the opposite side was stimulated. Through these experiments, it was found that the changes in the tissue oxygenation and the blood volume could be detected noninvasively and that they are visualized in the transillumination images using the NIR light.","PeriodicalId":235796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Cat. No.00CH37143)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127223355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2000.901478
F. Van den Heuvel, H. Kim
The use of electronic portal imaging in daily routine is in effect implemented through a set of strict rules, determining when and where a physician looks at the image and how this information gets transferred to the therapists on the treatment floor. The flexibility available with the more traditional medium of film is thus lost. In the past the authors have proposed a system to alleviate this problem based on the client-server concept which has been used successfully to create the World Wide Web (WWW). The authors have tested the system for its use on pelvic fields and are now moving towards the implementation for all treatment sites. This system called Epicure allows physicians, therapists and others to access portal images anywhere within the department and if necessary outside of the department. The current study is aimed to assess the usefulness of the system for treatments in the head and neck area. The authors are mainly interested in the consistency and clinical usefulness of the image quality and in the impact of the use of EPID's on the time constraints imposed by the number of patients treated on a single machine.
{"title":"Effectiveness of networked electronic portal imaging in the treatment of head and neck lesions","authors":"F. Van den Heuvel, H. Kim","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2000.901478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2000.901478","url":null,"abstract":"The use of electronic portal imaging in daily routine is in effect implemented through a set of strict rules, determining when and where a physician looks at the image and how this information gets transferred to the therapists on the treatment floor. The flexibility available with the more traditional medium of film is thus lost. In the past the authors have proposed a system to alleviate this problem based on the client-server concept which has been used successfully to create the World Wide Web (WWW). The authors have tested the system for its use on pelvic fields and are now moving towards the implementation for all treatment sites. This system called Epicure allows physicians, therapists and others to access portal images anywhere within the department and if necessary outside of the department. The current study is aimed to assess the usefulness of the system for treatments in the head and neck area. The authors are mainly interested in the consistency and clinical usefulness of the image quality and in the impact of the use of EPID's on the time constraints imposed by the number of patients treated on a single machine.","PeriodicalId":235796,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Cat. No.00CH37143)","volume":"489 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125037748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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