Vascular Health and Risk Management最新文献

Self-efficacy (SE) is the main predictor of self-care behaviour in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Several studies identified factors that influence SE in CHD patients. However, review studies have yet to synthesize these results systematically. This review aims to identify SE and the factors influencing SE in CHD patients. This scoping review is reported based on the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We searched using relevant keywords using five databases: CINAHL Plus with Full Text and Academic Search Complete, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Taylor and Francis, and one search engine: Google Scholar, which was accessed on June 23, 2023. Articles with an observational design were included without date restrictions. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist, and data synthesis used thematic analysis. We found 11 articles discussing SE and the factors influencing SE in CHD patients. In this review, most studies reported that the SE level of CHD patients tends to be low to moderate. Factors associated with SE in this population are classified into three categories (low, moderate, and high). Cardiac knowledge and patient activation are the most influential predictors of SE in CHD patients. Public health interventions such as raising awareness about heart disease, modifying health behaviours, early screening, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are critical to improving SE and cardiac care outcomes.

Background: Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart diseases, ischemic stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases) account for the majority of deaths in diabetic and other high-risk patients. Statin therapy reduces major vascular events, coronary death or nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and ischemic stroke. However, a gap exists between guideline recommendations and the clinical practice of primary statin preventive therapy. This was a cross-sectional study that aimed to determine the prevalence and some associated risk factors of.

Purpose: This study was intended to assess the magnitude of primary statin preventive therapy and associated factors among patients with high atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease risks.

Patients and methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted by a consecutive sampling technique from February 1, 2023, to May 30, 2023. Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire, document review, and laboratory measurements were implemented to collect data. Data entered into Epi Data were analysed by STATA version 14 and summarized by using frequency tables and graphs. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed and checked for association at a p value of <0.05.

Results: A total of 389 patients were included in this study. Diabetes mellitus (43.75%), hypertension (47.3%), and chronic kidney disease (9.25%) were commonly identified diseases. One hundred sixty-seven (42.93%, CI: 38.07-47.92) patients with high atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risks were on primary statin preventive therapy. Duration of diabetes mellitus (AOR=1.33, CI: 1.1569-1.528), treating physician (AOR=3.875, CI: 1.368-10.969), follow-up regularity (AOR=3.113, CI: 1.029-9.417) and ten-year atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease risk score (AOR=1.126, CI: 1.021-1.243) were found to be significantly associated with the use of primary statin preventive therapy.

Conclusion and recommendations: The magnitude of patients who were on primary statin preventive therapy was relatively low (42.93%). Improving the regular follow-up and making senior physicians (internists) attend patients at medical follow-up clinics would likely improve the number of patients who are on primary statin preventive therapy.

Sexual dysfunction pertains to any issue that hinders an individual from attaining sexual contentment. This health issue can have a significant impact on the quality of life and psychological health of affected individuals. Sexual dysfunction can generate stress, anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, which can lead to a reduction in overall life satisfaction and the quality of interpersonal relationships. Sexual dysfunction can manifest as erectile dysfunction in men or lack of sexual desire in women. Although both sexes can experience sexual problems, there are some significant differences in the manifestation of sexual dysfunction between men and women. In men, sexual dysfunction is usually physical and associated with problems such as erectile dysfunction, while in women, sexual dysfunction is usually related to psychological factors. Additionally, there was an association between hypertension and sexual dysfunction in both the sexes. In men, hypertension can cause erection problems, whereas in women, it can cause vaginal dryness and a decrease in sexual desire. Furthermore, antihypertensive drugs can negatively impact sexual function, which can decrease adherence to drug treatment. However, nebivolol, an antihypertensive drug, has beneficial effects on erectile dysfunction in men. This is believed to be because nebivolol improves blood flow to the penis by producing nitric oxide, which can help improve erections.

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by a sustained rise in mean pulmonary artery pressure. Pulmonary vascular remodeling serves an important role in PAH. Identifying a key driver gene to regulate vascular remodeling of the pulmonary microvasculature is critical for PAH management.

Methods: Differentially expressed genes were identified using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) GSE117261, GSE48149, GSE113439, GSE53408 and GSE16947 datasets. A co-expression network was constructed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Novel and key signatures of PAH were screened using four algorithms, including weighted gene co-expression network analysis, GEO2R analysis, support vector machines recursive feature elimination and robust rank aggregation rank analysis. Regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5), a pro-apoptotic/anti-proliferative protein, which regulate arterial tone and blood pressure in vascular smooth muscle cells. The expression of RGS5 was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in PAH and normal mice. The location of RGS5 and pericytes was detected using immunofluorescence.

Results: Compared with that in the normal group, RGS5 expression was upregulated in the PAH group based on GEO and RT-qPCR analyses. RGS5 expression in single cells was enriched in pericytes in single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. RGS5 co-localization with pericytes was detected in the pulmonary microvasculature of PAH.

Conclusion: RGS5 regulates vascular remodeling of the pulmonary microvasculature and the occurrence of PAH through pericytes, which has provided novel ideas and strategies regarding the occurrence and innovative treatment of PAH.

Objective: Study on effect of risk factors on over-anticoagulation in patients taking anticoagulant drugs with VKAs (vitamin K antagonists).

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive, prospective research. Study on 79 patients taking anticoagulant drugs with VKAs who had an INR (International Normalized Ratio) index of more than indicated anticoagulation dose with VKAs therapy.

Results: A total of 79 patients, mean age 65.65 ± 12.17 years [33:85], the elderly group is common (73.4%). Patients had hemorrhage disorders account for 22.8%. The INR index had an average value was 5.88 ± 3.0 [3.02-23.95]; The INR> 5 level group is a higher risk of bleeding than the INR ≤5 level group, it's the statistical significance (p < 0.001). The risk factors such as drugs to treat dyslipidemia, hyperthyroid, amiodarone, beta blocker, prednisone, NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory), BMI (Body Mass Index), smoke and alcohol that the risk factors of increasing of bleeding when receiving anticoagulants but it's not statistically significant yet (OR >1, p > 0.05); These patients using coenzyme Q10 and green vegetable nutrition such as cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae, Asteraceae) are quite common (31.6% and 35.4%), its effect on coagulation with vitamin K and cause of the increased in risk of bleeding was statistical significantly with OR = 5.28 (CI: 1.72-16.17, p < 0.01), and OR = 2.99 (CI: 1.01-8.80, p < 0.05) respectively.

Conclusion: Most patients in over-anticoagulation were the elderly group. Patients had hemorrhage disorders account for 22.8%. The INR> 5 level group was a higher risk of bleeding than the INR ≤5 level group with statistical significance. Patients using Coenzyme Q10 and green vegetable nutrition such as cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae, Asteraceae) are quite common, its effect on coagulation and cause of the increased risk of bleeding complication with statistical significance.