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Incorporation of Biologic Variables Into the Staging for Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumours: Proposal of the UBo pTNM System. 将生物变量纳入犬皮肤和皮下肥大细胞瘤的分期:提出 UBo pTNM 系统。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1111/vco.13000
Laura Marconato, Eugenio Faroni, Emiliano Battisti, Riccardo Zaccone, Damiano Stefanello, Silvia Sabattini

Canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) are currently staged based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, which has remained unchanged since its initial formulation. Our study aimed to assess the reliability of a novel pTNM staging system, which incorporates tumour extent (T), lymph node involvement (N), presence of distant metastases (M) and the two-tier histologic grade. We analysed medical records of dogs with one or more cutaneous/subcutaneous completely staged MCT, undergoing tumour excision with lymphadenectomy, unless distant metastases were present, in which cases, medical therapy was administered. Dogs were categorized into three stages: I (T1-2N0M0), II (T1-2N1M0) and III (distant metastases). Stages I and II were further divided based on histologic grade into 'low' and 'high'. Substage b was defined as the presence of tumour diameter of ≥3 cm and/or ulceration. Of 226 dogs, 87 (38.5%) were in Stage I (I-low, n = 75; I-high, n = 12), 107 (47.3%) in Stage II (II-low, n = 59; II-high, n = 48), and 32 (14.2%) in Stage III. The newly proposed staging system was able to significantly stratify the population for both time to progression and tumour-specific survival. Compared to Stage I-low, the risk of progression increased significantly for Stage I-high (18.3 times), Stage II-low (8.5 times), Stage II-high (41.5 times) and Stage III (110.3 times). The staging system was highly prognostic for both cutaneous and subcutaneous MCTs. Prospective validation studies are essential to compare this new system with the current WHO staging and further validate its accuracy and clinical utility.

犬皮肤肥大细胞瘤(MCT)目前根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的分类法进行分期,该分类法自最初制定以来一直未变。我们的研究旨在评估新型 pTNM 分期系统的可靠性,该系统包含肿瘤范围(T)、淋巴结受累(N)、远处转移(M)和两级组织学分级。我们分析了患有一种或多种切面/皮下完全分期 MCT 的犬只的医疗记录,这些犬只均接受了肿瘤切除术和淋巴结切除术,除非出现远处转移,在这种情况下才进行药物治疗。狗被分为三个阶段:I期(T1-2N0M0)、II期(T1-2N1M0)和III期(远处转移)。I 期和 II 期又根据组织学分级分为 "低 "和 "高"。b期以下的定义是肿瘤直径≥3厘米和/或出现溃疡。在 226 只狗中,87 只(38.5%)处于 I 期(I-低,n = 75;I-高,n = 12),107 只(47.3%)处于 II 期(II-低,n = 59;II-高,n = 48),32 只(14.2%)处于 III 期。新提出的分期系统能够显著地对人群的进展时间和肿瘤特异性生存率进行分层。与I期-低相比,I期-高(18.3倍)、II期-低(8.5倍)、II期-高(41.5倍)和III期(110.3倍)的进展风险明显增加。该分期系统对皮肤和皮下 MCT 的预后都有很高的预测价值。前瞻性验证研究对比较这一新系统与目前的世界卫生组织分期系统并进一步验证其准确性和临床实用性至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Histologic, Phenotypic, and Molecular Characterization of Feline Hodgkin-Like Lymphoma With Classical Reed-Sternberg Cells. 带有典型里德-斯滕伯格细胞的猫霍奇金样淋巴瘤的组织学、表型和分子特征。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1111/vco.13007
Laura Marconato, Ilaria Maga, Selina Iussich, Silvia Benali, Luca Aresu

Hodgkin-like lymphoma (HLL) is a rare neoplasm in cats that shares characteristics with the human disease. The hallmark of HLL is the presence of Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells expressing CD30 and CD20. This study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and clonality patterns of feline HLL. A comprehensive retrospective review of clinicopathologic and molecular data of nodal lymphomas over a 6-year period was conducted in MyLav laboratory. Twenty-four cases were identified. All cats presented with submandibular or retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy. Histopathologic examination revealed a multifocal to diffuse proliferation of medium-to-large lymphoid cells with low mitotic activity, interspersed RS cells, and a heterogeneous inflammatory infiltrate comprising T-cells, plasma cells and neutrophils. In addition, extensive necrosis was a consistent finding. Immunohistochemistry showed a variable membranous CD20 and nuclear PAX5 expression in neoplastic cells, while RS cells displayed only mild to moderate CD20 positivity and were negative to PAX5. In 21/24 cases (87.5%), RS cells were diffusely CD30-positive. PARR analysis demonstrated clonal B-cell expansion in 60% of cases, with the remaining 40% exhibiting polyclonality. For the 10 cats with available follow-up, the prognosis was generally favourable, with only two cats succumbing to progressive disease. In conclusion, diagnosing feline HLL is challenging. The expression of CD30 and CD20 by RS cells should be considered a hallmark of the disease, but only after excluding differential diagnoses such as anaplastic B-cell lymphoma and granulomatous lymphadenopathy.

霍奇金样淋巴瘤(HLL)是猫的一种罕见肿瘤,与人类的这种疾病具有相同的特征。HLL 的特征是存在表达 CD30 和 CD20 的 Reed-Sternberg (RS) 细胞。本研究旨在阐明猫 HLL 的临床病理特征、免疫表型和克隆模式。MyLav实验室对6年间结节淋巴瘤的临床病理学和分子数据进行了全面的回顾性研究。共发现 24 例病例。所有病猫都出现了颌下或咽后淋巴结病。组织病理学检查显示,中型到大型淋巴细胞呈多灶性到弥漫性增生,有丝分裂活性低,间有RS细胞,并伴有由T细胞、浆细胞和中性粒细胞组成的异质性炎症浸润。此外,广泛的坏死也是一致的发现。免疫组化显示,肿瘤细胞有不同程度的膜CD20和核PAX5表达,而RS细胞仅有轻度至中度CD20阳性,PAX5阴性。在 21/24 例病例(87.5%)中,RS 细胞呈弥漫性 CD30 阳性。PARR分析表明,60%的病例存在克隆性B细胞扩增,其余40%的病例表现出多克隆性。在随访的 10 只猫中,预后普遍良好,只有两只猫因疾病进展而死亡。总之,猫 HLL 的诊断具有挑战性。RS细胞表达CD30和CD20应被视为该病的特征,但只有在排除了无性B细胞淋巴瘤和肉芽肿性淋巴结病等鉴别诊断后才能确定。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Transcriptomes of Canine and Human Prostate Cancers Identify Mediators of Castration Resistance. 犬和人类前列腺癌的转录组比较确定了阉割抗性的介质。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1111/vco.13017
Marcela Riveros Angel, Bernard Séguin, Christiane V Löhr, Tomasz M Beer, John Feliciano, Stephen A Ramsey, George V Thomas

Prostate cancer continues to be one of the most lethal cancers in men. While androgen deprivation therapy is initially effective in treating prostate cancer, most cases of advanced prostate cancer eventually progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is incurable. Similarly, the most aggressive form of prostatic carcinoma occurs in dogs that have been castrated. To identify molecular similarities between canine prostate cancer and human CRPC, we performed a comparative analysis of gene expression profiles. Through this transcriptomic analysis, we found that prostatic carcinoma in castrated dogs demonstrates an androgen-indifferent phenotype, characterised by low-androgen receptor and neuroendocrine-associated genes. Notably, we identified two genes, ISG15 and AZGP1, that were consistently up- and down-regulated, respectively, in both canine prostatic carcinoma and human CRPC. Additionally, we identified several other genes, including GPX3, S100P and IFITM1, that exhibited similar expression patterns in both species. Protein-protein interaction network analysis demonstrated that these five genes were part of a larger network of interferon-induced genes, suggesting that they may act together in signalling pathways that are disrupted in prostate cancer. Accordingly, our findings suggest that the interferon pathway may play a role in the development and progression of CRPC in both dogs and humans and chart a new therapeutic approach.

前列腺癌仍然是男性最致命的癌症之一。虽然雄激素剥夺疗法最初能有效治疗前列腺癌,但大多数晚期前列腺癌病例最终都会发展为阉割抵抗性前列腺癌(CRPC),这是无法治愈的。同样,最具侵袭性的前列腺癌也发生在被阉割的狗身上。为了确定犬前列腺癌与人类 CRPC 之间的分子相似性,我们对基因表达谱进行了比较分析。通过转录组分析,我们发现阉割犬的前列腺癌表现出与雄激素无关的表型,其特征是低雄激素受体和神经内分泌相关基因。值得注意的是,我们在犬前列腺癌和人类 CRPC 中分别发现了 ISG15 和 AZGP1 这两个持续上调和下调的基因。此外,我们还发现了其他几个基因,包括 GPX3、S100P 和 IFITM1,它们在两个物种中都表现出相似的表达模式。蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络分析显示,这五个基因是干扰素诱导基因大网络的一部分,这表明它们可能共同作用于前列腺癌中被破坏的信号通路。因此,我们的研究结果表明,干扰素通路可能在狗和人的CRPC的发生和发展过程中发挥作用,并为我们提供了一种新的治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
A Retrospective Study Evaluating the Outcomes of Conventionally Fractionated Radiation Therapy as a Treatment for Infiltrative Lipomas in Twenty-One Dogs. 一项回顾性研究,评估传统分次放射疗法治疗二十一只犬浸润性脂肪瘤的效果。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/vco.13001
Adam Hauser, Lily Thorsen, Mary-Keara Boss, Tiffany W Martin

Infiltrative lipomas represent a subcategorisation of rarer, potentially more aggressive, lipoma-related neoplasms. Twenty-one dogs treated with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) for infiltrative lipomas were included in this retrospective study. One patient had no prior surgical excision, 11 patients had one prior surgery and 9 patients had two or more surgeries prior to CFRT. Five patients (24%) had microscopic disease and 16 patients (76%) had macroscopic disease prior to treatment. A complete response or no regrowth was seen in 10 patients (48%), stable disease in 6 patients (29%) and progressive disease or regrowth in 5 patients (24%). Response to treatment of macroscopic tumours was significantly different between dogs that had one prior surgery versus two or more (p = 0.01). Dogs with a single surgery were most likely to result in stable disease compared with dogs with two or more surgeries resulting in a complete response. The dog without surgery developed progressive disease at 211 days, dogs with one surgery had a median progression or recurrence at 1369 days and dogs with two or more surgeries developed progression or recurrence at 826 days (p = 0.04). Twelve dogs were alive at the time of analysis. Overall median survival time (MST) was 1694 days. The prior number of surgeries did not significantly affect MST. While survival time is comparable to previous reports, the number of patients with progressive disease or recurrence of previous microscopic disease requires more investigation into the most appropriate protocol, dose and treated field size.

浸润性脂肪瘤是脂肪瘤相关肿瘤中较为罕见、可能更具侵袭性的一个亚类。这项回顾性研究共纳入了 21 只接受常规分次放射治疗(CFRT)的浸润性脂肪瘤患犬。其中一名患者之前未接受过手术切除,11 名患者之前接受过一次手术,9 名患者在接受 CFRT 之前接受过两次或两次以上的手术。治疗前,5 名患者(24%)有微小病变,16 名患者(76%)有大面积病变。10名患者(48%)获得完全应答或无再生,6名患者(29%)病情稳定,5名患者(24%)病情进展或再生。曾接受过一次手术和两次或两次以上手术的犬只对治疗大肿瘤的反应有显著差异(p = 0.01)。与接受过两次或两次以上手术并获得完全应答的狗相比,接受过一次手术的狗最有可能获得稳定的病情。未接受手术的狗在211天时病情出现进展,接受一次手术的狗在1369天时病情出现进展或复发,接受两次或两次以上手术的狗在826天时病情出现进展或复发(p = 0.04)。在进行分析时,有 12 只狗仍然存活。总体中位生存时间 (MST) 为 1694 天。之前的手术次数对中位生存时间没有明显影响。虽然存活时间与之前的报告相当,但疾病进展或之前的微小疾病复发的患者人数较多,因此需要对最合适的方案、剂量和治疗区域大小进行更多研究。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Lipophilic Statins on Cell Viability and Tissue Factor Expression in Canine Haemangiosarcoma Cells. 亲脂性他汀类药物对犬血血管肉瘤细胞活力和组织因子表达的影响
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/vco.13012
Kosuke Kobayashi, Kohei Murakami, Kenji Baba

Canine haemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a highly aggressive cancer often associated with coagulation abnormalities. Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) clinically prescribed for hypercholesterolemia, are also believed to possess antitumour and anticoagulant properties by inhibiting downstream Akt activation. Akt phosphorylation is involved in the mechanism of the antitumour and tissue factor (TF)-lowering effects of statins. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether statins could inhibit cell viability while concurrently inducing anticoagulant properties by regulating the expression of TFs in canine HSA cells. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we initially exclusively detected HMGCR mRNA expression in canine HSA tissues and cell lines but not in normal cephalic vein and spleen tissues. Moreover, treatment with lipophilic statins, including atorvastatin, fluvastatin, and simvastatin, inhibited cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner and decreased TF expression both at the mRNA and protein levels, as evidenced by cell viability assays, RT-qPCR, and immunoblotting, respectively. Further investigation using cell viability assays and flow cytometry revealed that simvastatin decreased Akt phosphorylation, and MK-2206, a specific Akt inhibitor, mirrored the effect of simvastatin on cell viability and cell cycle arrest. However, MK-2206 exhibited different effects on TF expression depending on the cell type, indicating that Akt phosphorylation may not consistently regulate TF expression. Overall, this study provides insights into the potential therapeutic use of statins in targeting tumour growth and coagulation abnormalities in canine HSA. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical applications of statins in canine HSA treatment.

犬血管肉瘤(HSA)是一种侵袭性很强的癌症,通常与凝血异常有关。他汀类药物是临床上用于治疗高胆固醇血症的 3-羟基-3-甲基-戊二酰-CoA 还原酶(HMGCR)抑制剂,据信它还能通过抑制下游 Akt 的活化而具有抗肿瘤和抗凝血的特性。Akt 磷酸化参与了他汀类药物抗肿瘤和降低组织因子(TF)作用的机制。在本研究中,我们旨在探讨他汀类药物是否能通过调节犬 HSA 细胞中 TFs 的表达,在抑制细胞活力的同时诱导抗凝特性。利用反转录定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR),我们最初在犬 HSA 组织和细胞系中独家检测到 HMGCR mRNA 的表达,而在正常头静脉和脾脏组织中则未发现。此外,亲脂性他汀类药物(包括阿托伐他汀、氟伐他汀和辛伐他汀)会以浓度依赖性方式抑制细胞活力,并在 mRNA 和蛋白质水平上降低 TF 的表达,这分别通过细胞活力测定、RT-qPCR 和免疫印迹法得到了证实。使用细胞活力测定法和流式细胞术进行的进一步研究表明,辛伐他汀会降低 Akt 的磷酸化,而特异性 Akt 抑制剂 MK-2206 也能反映辛伐他汀对细胞活力和细胞周期停滞的影响。然而,MK-2206 对 TF 表达的影响因细胞类型的不同而不同,这表明 Akt 磷酸化对 TF 表达的调控可能并不一致。总之,本研究为他汀类药物在针对犬 HSA 肿瘤生长和凝血异常方面的潜在治疗用途提供了见解。要全面阐明他汀类药物在犬 HSA 治疗中的潜在机制和临床应用,还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Targeting ATR Kinase as a Strategy for Canine Lymphoma and Leukaemia Treatment. 将 ATR 激酶作为犬淋巴瘤和白血病治疗策略的靶点。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1111/vco.13014
Marta Henklewska, Aleksandra Pawlak, Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz

Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase is one of the main regulators of cell response to DNA damage and replication stress. Effectiveness of ATR targeting in human cancers has been confirmed in preclinical studies and ATR inhibitors are currently developed clinically in human oncology. In the presented study, we tested the anticancer efficacy of ATR inhibitor berzosertib in an in vitro model of canine haematopoietic cancers. Using MTT assay and flow cytometry, we assessed the cytotoxicity of berzosertib in four established canine lymphoma and leukaemia cell lines and compared it with its activity against noncancerous canine cells. Further, we estimated the level of apoptosis in berzosertib-treated cells via flow cytometry and assessed H2AX phosphorylation as a marker of DNA damage using western blot technique. In flow-cytometric analysis, we also evaluated potential synergism between berzosertib and chlorambucil and assessed the influence of berzosertib on cell cycle disturbances induced by the drug. The results demonstrated that berzosertib, even without additional DNA damaging agent, can be effective against canine lymphoma and leukaemia cells at concentrations that were harmless for noncancerous cells, although sensitivity of individual cancer cell lines varied greatly. Cell death occurred through caspase-dependent apoptosis via induction of DNA damage. Berzosertib also acted synergistically with chlorambucil, probably by preventing DNA damage repair as a consequence of S-phase arrest abrogation. In conclusion, ATR inhibition may provide a new therapeutic option for the treatment of canine lymphomas and leukaemias, but further studies are required to determine potential biomarkers of their susceptibility.

共济失调毛细血管扩张症和 Rad3 相关(ATR)激酶是细胞应对 DNA 损伤和复制压力的主要调节因子之一。临床前研究已经证实了以 ATR 为靶点治疗人类癌症的有效性,目前 ATR 抑制剂正在人类肿瘤学领域进行临床开发。在本研究中,我们测试了 ATR 抑制剂 berzosertib 在犬造血癌症体外模型中的抗癌功效。我们使用 MTT 检测法和流式细胞术评估了 berzosertib 在四种已建立的犬淋巴瘤和白血病细胞系中的细胞毒性,并将其与对非癌症犬细胞的活性进行了比较。此外,我们还通过流式细胞仪估算了贝唑舍替处理过的细胞的凋亡水平,并使用 Western 印迹技术评估了作为 DNA 损伤标记的 H2AX 磷酸化。在流式细胞仪分析中,我们还评估了berzosertib和氯霉素之间潜在的协同作用,并评估了berzosertib对氯霉素诱导的细胞周期紊乱的影响。研究结果表明,即使不使用额外的DNA损伤剂,贝唑舍替也能以对非癌细胞无害的浓度有效抑制犬淋巴瘤和白血病细胞,但各癌细胞系的敏感性差异很大。细胞死亡是通过诱导 DNA 损伤,发生依赖于 Caspase 的细胞凋亡。Berzosertib还能与氯霉素产生协同作用,这可能是由于S期停滞的结果阻止了DNA损伤修复。总之,ATR抑制可能会为犬淋巴瘤和白血病的治疗提供一种新的治疗选择,但还需要进一步的研究来确定它们易感性的潜在生物标志物。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Cystourethroscopy to Define the Gross Tumour Volume in Radiation Treatment Planning for Canine Genitourinary Carcinomas. 使用膀胱尿道镜确定犬泌尿生殖系统癌放射治疗计划中的肿瘤总体积
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1111/vco.13002
Clarissa C Freemyer, Tracy L Gieger, Shelly L Vaden, Michael W Nolan

Radiotherapy (RT) is increasingly utilised for definitive-intent treatment of canine genitourinary carcinomas (CGUC). At our institution, the standard approach is to irradiate tomographically abnormal tissues gross tumour volume (GTV) plus a clinical target volume (CTV) expansion of 2 cm. Cystourethroscopy is often incorporated into the treatment planning workflow, though an optimal approach has yet to be defined. This observational study evaluated cystourethroscopy as a tool for identifying gross lesions that can be targeted with RT. We hypothesised that in most cases, addition of cystourethroscopy would result in a larger GTV than would be drawn with computed tomography (CT) alone. Medical records from 54 dogs diagnosed with CGUC between 2013 and 2023 were reviewed; each had been evaluated before RT using CT and cystourethroscopy. The GTV was initially defined as the tomographically evident disease on a post-contrast sagittal plane CT scan, and then lesions visualised with cystourethroscopy (suspected or confirmed to be tumour) were added. Beyond what was visible on CT, cystourethroscopy extended the GTV by a median of 6.5 cm distally into the urethra (range: 1.5-31.8 cm) and therefore resulted in GTV enlargement in 26 of 54 (48%) cases. Addition of our standard 2 cm CTV expansion to a CT-defined GTV (without use of data from cystourethroscopy) would have underestimated the extent of grossly abnormal tissue in 35% (19/54) of cases. These results suggest that incorporating cystourethroscopy into treatment planning workflows may improve local tumour control by reducing the risk of a geographic miss.

放射治疗(RT)越来越多地被用于犬泌尿生殖系统癌(CGUC)的最终治疗。在我院,标准方法是照射断层扫描异常组织的肿瘤总体积(GTV),并将临床靶体积(CTV)扩大 2 厘米。膀胱尿道镜检查通常被纳入治疗计划工作流程,但最佳方法尚未确定。这项观察性研究将膀胱尿道镜检查作为一种工具,用于识别可作为 RT 靶点的大体病灶。我们的假设是,在大多数情况下,增加膀胱尿道镜检查所得出的 GTV 会大于仅使用计算机断层扫描(CT)所得出的 GTV。我们回顾了 2013 年至 2023 年间 54 只确诊为 CGUC 的狗的医疗记录;每只狗在 RT 前都使用 CT 和膀胱尿道镜进行了评估。GTV最初定义为对比后矢状面CT扫描中断层明显的病变,然后加上膀胱尿道镜检查发现的病变(怀疑或证实为肿瘤)。膀胱尿道镜检查在 CT 可见病灶的基础上,将 GTV 向尿道远端延伸了中位数 6.5 厘米(范围:1.5-31.8 厘米),因此 54 例病例中有 26 例(48%)的 GTV 扩大。如果在 CT 定义的 GTV 上加上我们标准的 2 厘米 CTV 扩大(不使用膀胱尿道镜检查数据),则有 35% 的病例(19/54)会低估严重异常组织的范围。这些结果表明,将膀胱尿道镜纳入治疗计划工作流程可降低地理漏诊的风险,从而改善局部肿瘤控制。
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引用次数: 0
Isolation of Tumour-Derived Extracellular Vesicles From the Plasma of Dogs Affected by Intracranial Tumours Showing Heterologous and Cross-Species Tropism: A Pilot Study. 从受颅内肿瘤影响的犬血浆中分离肿瘤衍生的细胞外小泡,显示异源和跨物种趋向性:一项试点研究。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1111/vco.13016
Simona Vincenti, Alessandro Villa, Zemira de Mitri, Arianna Maiolini, Silvia Franzé, Daniela Schweizer, Anna Oevermann, Paolo Ciana

Canine and human brain tumours exhibit similar incidence rates and prognoses. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles derived from human patients (PDEVs) can be loaded with contrast agents and exhibit tumour tropism in murine models. We showed in a previous study that gadolinium-labelled EVs derived from canine gliomas (cPDEVs) can selectively targets murine glioblastoma cells in animal models. As a further step, we investigated the potential heterologous and cross-species tumour tropism of cPDEVs with brain tumours. With the perspective of imminent clinical application as both markers and drug delivery tools, we have successfully established the isolation protocol for cPDEVs and confirmed the aseptic conditions of the procedure and therefore the sterility of the isolated EVs. To assess the functionality of cPDEVs as drug delivery tool, they were loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and injected into murine models of cancer for in vivo fluorescence biodistribution studies. Biodistribution analysis in mice revealed that ICG-loaded cPDEVs injected into murine models of subcutaneous tumours accumulated exclusively in the neoplastic tissue, even when evaluated 24 h post-injection, thus showing the cross-species and heterologous selective tumour tropism of the nanoparticles. With these tests, we have established a safe protocol for isolating and loading autologous cPDEVs with various markers, thereby paving the way for the clinical testing phase. These significant findings suggest the potential use of cPDEVs as a theranostic tool in the management of canine brain tumours, with promising implications for translational medicine applications in the future.

犬脑肿瘤和人类脑肿瘤的发病率和预后相似。最近的研究表明,从人类患者身上提取的细胞外囊泡(PDEVs)可以装载造影剂,并在小鼠模型中表现出肿瘤趋向性。我们在之前的一项研究中表明,从犬胶质瘤中提取的钆标记的细胞外小泡(cPDEVs)可以在动物模型中选择性地靶向小鼠胶质母细胞瘤细胞。我们进一步研究了 cPDEVs 对脑肿瘤的潜在异源和跨物种肿瘤滋养性。从即将作为标记物和给药工具应用于临床的角度出发,我们成功建立了 cPDEVs 的分离方案,并确认了该过程的无菌条件,从而保证了分离出的 EVs 的无菌性。为了评估 cPDEVs 作为药物递送工具的功能,我们将其装载吲哚菁绿(ICG)并注射到小鼠癌症模型中,进行体内荧光生物分布研究。对小鼠进行的生物分布分析表明,即使在注射后 24 小时进行评估,注入小鼠皮下肿瘤模型的含吲哚菁绿的 cPDEV 也只在肿瘤组织中蓄积,从而显示了纳米颗粒的跨物种和异源选择性肿瘤滋养特性。通过这些测试,我们建立了分离自体 cPDEV 并将其装入各种标记物的安全方案,从而为临床测试阶段铺平了道路。这些重要发现表明,cPDEVs 有可能作为一种治疗工具用于犬脑肿瘤的治疗,这对未来转化医学的应用具有广阔的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of 10% Dose Reductions and Duration of Treatment Delays in the Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia in Dogs Treated With Common Chemotherapy Protocols: A Single-Centre Experience. 在使用普通化疗方案治疗犬只的化疗诱发中性粒细胞减少症时,剂量减少 10%和治疗延迟时间的影响:单中心经验。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1111/vco.13004
Suzanne Busser, Laura Blackwood, Constanza Pereira, Margo Chase-Topping, Spela Bavcar, Quentin Fournier

Neutropenia is a common chemotherapy-associated adverse event (AE) in dogs and a significant cause of decreased relative dose intensity. Dose reductions (DRs) and treatment delays (TDs) are frequently applied to decrease the risk of further neutropenic events (NEs) and AEs, but there is no standardised approach. The two main objectives of this retrospective study were to determine: (1) the failure rate of a 10% DR to prevent a subsequent inadequate absolute neutrophil count (ANC), defined as a nadir ANC <0.75 × 109/L or pretreatment ANC <1.5 × 109/L; and (2) if the duration of TDs due to pretreatment neutropenia affects the occurrence of subsequent NEs. A total of 1056 chemotherapy treatments were recorded for 128 dogs that developed at least one NE. In 75 of 124 (60.5%, 95% CI: 51.2%-69%) evaluable NEs, a nadir ANC of ≥0.75 × 109/L and pretreatment ANC of ≥1.5 × 109/L were achieved after a single 10% chemotherapy DR, while a 10% DR failed to prevent a subsequent inadequate ANC in the remaining 49/124 (39.5%, 95% CI: 30.1%-48.3%). The only variable associated with failure was the drug prescribed. DR failure occurred in 22/39 (56.4%, 95% CI: 40.9%-70.6%) lomustine DRs, 14/27 (51.9%, 95% CI: 33.9%-69.2%) cyclophosphamide DRs, but only 2/22 (9.1%, 95% CI: 2.5%-27.8%) doxorubicin DRs and 2/24 (8.3%, 95% CI: 2.3%-25.8%) vincristine DRs. Seventy-three evaluable TDs (mean: 5 days, SD ± 2.2 days) were prescribed. There was no association between TD duration and subsequent NEs (p = 0.11).

中性粒细胞减少症是一种常见的犬化疗相关不良事件(AE),也是导致相对剂量强度下降的一个重要原因。减少剂量(DR)和延迟治疗(TD)是降低中性粒细胞减少症(NE)和不良反应风险的常用方法,但目前还没有统一的方法。这项回顾性研究的两个主要目的是确定:(1) 10%的减量治疗(DR)对防止随后出现绝对中性粒细胞计数(ANC)不足(定义为最低ANC 9/L或治疗前ANC 9/L)的失败率;(2) 治疗前中性粒细胞减少导致的TD持续时间是否会影响随后NEs的发生。128 只至少出现过一次 NE 的狗共接受了 1056 次化疗。在124例可评估的NE中,75例(60.5%,95% CI:51.2%-69%)在单次10%的DR化疗后达到了≥0.75 × 109/L的最低ANC和≥1.5 × 109/L的治疗前ANC,而在其余49/124例(39.5%,95% CI:30.1%-48.3%)中,10%的DR化疗未能阻止随后的ANC不足。与失败相关的唯一变量是处方药物。22/39(56.4%,95% CI:40.9%-70.6%)例洛莫司汀DR、14/27(51.9%,95% CI:33.9%-69.2%)例环磷酰胺DR出现DR失败,但只有2/22(9.1%,95% CI:2.5%-27.8%)例多柔比星DR和2/24(8.3%,95% CI:2.3%-25.8%)例长春新碱DR出现DR失败。开具了 73 份可评估的 TD(平均:5 天,SD ± 2.2 天)。TD持续时间与随后的NE之间没有关联(P = 0.11)。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Fine-Needle Aspiration and Core Needle Biopsy for the Pre-Operative Diagnosis of Canine and Feline Mammary Gland Tumours. 犬科和猫科动物乳腺肿瘤术前诊断中细针抽吸与核心针活检的比较
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1111/vco.13006
Thitida Pakdeesaneha, Katriya Chankow, Sirichai Techarungchaikul, Thitiporn Thongsima, Mintraporn Kongtia, Theerawat Tharasanit

Mammary gland tumours are common neoplasms that affect female dogs and cats. We compared the accuracy of pre-surgical fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) diagnosing feline (n = 64) and canine (n = 83) mammary gland tumours with excisional histopathology as the gold standard for the definitive diagnosis. We also explored the impact of CNB needle sizes (18G and 16G). FNA, 18G CNB and 16G CNB demonstrated similar accuracy regarding the diagnosis of feline mammary tumours, ranging from 90% to 97.7% (p > 0.05). However, these techniques displayed lower diagnostic accuracy for canine mammary gland tumours: 46.7%-50.9% for FNA, 63.3% for 18G CNB and 73.6% for 16G CNB. In conclusion, FNA and CNB can be used optionally as pre-surgical diagnostic methods for feline and canine mammary gland tumours. However, factors that affect diagnostic accuracy, such as species and diagnostic techniques, should be considered.

乳腺肿瘤是影响雌犬和雌猫的常见肿瘤。我们比较了手术前细针抽吸术(FNA)和核心针活检术(CNB)诊断猫科动物(64 例)和犬科动物(83 例)乳腺肿瘤的准确性,并将切除组织病理学作为明确诊断的金标准。我们还探讨了 CNB 针头尺寸(18G 和 16G)的影响。FNA、18G CNB 和 16G CNB 诊断猫乳腺肿瘤的准确率相似,从 90% 到 97.7% 不等(P > 0.05)。然而,这些技术对犬乳腺肿瘤的诊断准确率较低:FNA为46.7%-50.9%,18G CNB为63.3%,16G CNB为73.6%。总之,FNA 和 CNB 可作为猫科动物和犬科动物乳腺肿瘤的术前诊断方法。但应考虑影响诊断准确性的因素,如物种和诊断技术。
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引用次数: 0
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Veterinary and comparative oncology
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