Using the no-core fiber (NCF)–seven-core fiber (SCF) interference structure, two curvature sensors of Michelson interference type and Mach–Zehnder interference (MZI) type are proposed, respectively. The curvature sensor based on Michelson interference shows wavelength-modulation characteristics, the sensitivity is about −22.76 nm/m−1 with a linearity of 0.9823, the temperature sensitivity is only 0.054 nm/°C, and the effect of temperature on curvature can be negligible. The MZI sensor based on an enlarged taper-embedded cascaded structure is an intensity-modulated sensor. The sensitivities are −63.6271 dB m/m−1 and 93.3293 dBm/m−1 for the forward and reverse curvature, respectively, and the linearities are 0.9987 and 0.9930, respectively. But the strain sensitivity (8.357 × 10−4 dBm/με) of the MZI sensor is so tiny, which can avoid the strain cross effect. The two sensors can be used in the detection of the curvature at different (temperature/strain) conditions.
{"title":"Two curvature sensors based on no-core–seven-core fiber interference","authors":"Yifan Ran, Siyao Niu, Shishi Xu, Wenlin Feng, Pengming Cheng","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0333","url":null,"abstract":"Using the no-core fiber (NCF)–seven-core fiber (SCF) interference structure, two curvature sensors of Michelson interference type and Mach–Zehnder interference (MZI) type are proposed, respectively. The curvature sensor based on Michelson interference shows wavelength-modulation characteristics, the sensitivity is about −22.76 nm/m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> with a linearity of 0.9823, the temperature sensitivity is only 0.054 nm/°C, and the effect of temperature on curvature can be negligible. The MZI sensor based on an enlarged taper-embedded cascaded structure is an intensity-modulated sensor. The sensitivities are −63.6271 dB m/m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 93.3293 dBm/m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> for the forward and reverse curvature, respectively, and the linearities are 0.9987 and 0.9930, respectively. But the strain sensitivity (8.357 × 10<jats:sup>−4</jats:sup> dBm/με) of the MZI sensor is so tiny, which can avoid the strain cross effect. The two sensors can be used in the detection of the curvature at different (temperature/strain) conditions.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139917791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdul Kabir, Zain Ul Abideen, Jameel-Un Nabi, Dawar Khan
The neutron capture rates and Maxwellian-averaged cross-sections (MACS) for 90Zr(n,γ)91Zr and 92Zr(n,γ)93Zr processes have been computed within the framework of Talys v1.96. The effects of phenomenological nuclear level density (NLD) parameters and the gamma strength functions (GSFs) on Maxwellian-averaged cross-sections and neutron capture rates are examined both quantitatively and qualitatively. The present model-based computed data for MACS and reaction rates gives a good comparison with the existing literature. The fine-tuning of the statistical model’s nuclear properties (level density and gamma-ray strength) to reproduce experimental data will allow the detailed investigation of the s-process network.
{"title":"Investigation of 90,92Zr(n,γ)91,93Zr in the s-process nucleosynthesis","authors":"Abdul Kabir, Zain Ul Abideen, Jameel-Un Nabi, Dawar Khan","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0175","url":null,"abstract":"The neutron capture rates and Maxwellian-averaged cross-sections (MACS) for <jats:sup>90</jats:sup>Zr(<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>,<jats:italic>γ</jats:italic>)<jats:sup>91</jats:sup>Zr and <jats:sup>92</jats:sup>Zr(<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>,<jats:italic>γ</jats:italic>)<jats:sup>93</jats:sup>Zr processes have been computed within the framework of Talys v1.96. The effects of phenomenological nuclear level density (NLD) parameters and the gamma strength functions (GSFs) on Maxwellian-averaged cross-sections and neutron capture rates are examined both quantitatively and qualitatively. The present model-based computed data for MACS and reaction rates gives a good comparison with the existing literature. The fine-tuning of the statistical model’s nuclear properties (level density and gamma-ray strength) to reproduce experimental data will allow the detailed investigation of the <jats:italic>s</jats:italic>-process network.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139917793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asmaa H. Abobakr, Hussien S. Hussien, Mahmoud B. A. Mansour, Hillal M. Elshehabey
In this paper, we study traveling wavefronts in an anomalous diffusion predator–prey model with the modified Leslie–Gower and Holling-type II schemes. We perform a traveling wave analysis to show that the model has heteroclinic trajectories connecting two steady state solutions of the resulting system of fractional partial differential equations and corresponding to traveling wavefronts. This also includes numerical results to show the existence of traveling wavefronts. Furthermore, we obtain the numerical time-dependent solutions in order to show the evolution of wavefronts. We find that wavefronts exist that travel faster in the anomalous subdiffusive regime than in the normal diffusive one. Our results emphasize that the main properties of traveling waves and invasions are altered by anomalous subdiffusion in this model.
在本文中，我们用修正的 Leslie-Gower 和 Holling-type II 方案研究了异常扩散捕食者-猎物模型中的行波面。我们通过行波分析表明，该模型具有连接所得到的分数偏微分方程系统的两个稳态解的异折线轨迹，并与行波面相对应。这还包括数值结果，以显示行波面的存在。此外，我们还获得了随时间变化的数值解，以显示波面的演变。我们发现，反常亚扩散体系中的波面比正常扩散体系中的波面传播得更快。我们的结果强调，在这个模型中，反常亚扩散改变了行波和入侵的主要特性。
{"title":"Traveling wavefronts in an anomalous diffusion predator–prey model","authors":"Asmaa H. Abobakr, Hussien S. Hussien, Mahmoud B. A. Mansour, Hillal M. Elshehabey","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0306","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study traveling wavefronts in an anomalous diffusion predator–prey model with the modified Leslie–Gower and Holling-type II schemes. We perform a traveling wave analysis to show that the model has heteroclinic trajectories connecting two steady state solutions of the resulting system of fractional partial differential equations and corresponding to traveling wavefronts. This also includes numerical results to show the existence of traveling wavefronts. Furthermore, we obtain the numerical time-dependent solutions in order to show the evolution of wavefronts. We find that wavefronts exist that travel faster in the anomalous subdiffusive regime than in the normal diffusive one. Our results emphasize that the main properties of traveling waves and invasions are altered by anomalous subdiffusion in this model.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139767143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Local structures and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters (g factors gx, gy, and gz) for the substitutional Ti3+ and W5+ centers in stishovite are theoretically investigated by using the high-order perturbation formulas of these parameters for a d1 ion in rhombically compressed octahedra. In the calculation formulas, the related molecular orbital coefficients are obtained from the cluster approach, and the relevant crystal-field (CF) parameters are determined from the superposition model, which enables to connect these CF parameters and, hence, the studied g factors with the local structures of the Ti3+ and W5+ centers in stishovite. Based on the calculations, the impurity–ligand bond lengths parallel and perpendicular to the C2-axis are found to be R′|| (≈1.751 and 1.717 Å) and R′⊥ (≈1.788 and 1.806 Å) with the planar bond angles θ′ (≈89.0° and 88.2°) for the studied [TiO6]9− and [WO6]7− clusters, respectively. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data, and the validity of the results is discussed.
利用菱形压缩八面体中 d1 离子的这些参数的高阶扰动公式，从理论上研究了菱锰矿中置换的 Ti3+ 和 W5+ 中心的局部结构和电子顺磁共振（EPR）参数（g 因子 g x、g y 和 g z）。在计算公式中，相关的分子轨道系数是通过簇方法获得的，而相关的晶体场（CF）参数则是通过叠加模型确定的，这样就可以将这些 CF 参数以及所研究的 g 因子与菱锰矿中 Ti3+ 和 W5+ 中心的局部结构联系起来。根据计算结果，发现与 C 2 轴平行和垂直的杂质-配体键长度分别为 R′|| (≈1.751 和 1.717 Å）和 R′⊥（≈1.788 和 1.806 Å），平面键角θ′（≈89.0° 和 88.2°）分别适用于所研究的 [TiO6]9- 和 [WO6]7- 簇。计算结果与实验数据十分吻合，并对结果的有效性进行了讨论。
{"title":"Investigations on the EPR parameters and local structures for the substitutional Ti3+ and W5+ centers in stishovite","authors":"Fu Chen, Zifa Zhou, Jin Zhang, Cuidi Feng","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0320","url":null,"abstract":"Local structures and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters (<jats:italic>g</jats:italic> factors <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> </jats:sub>, <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>y</jats:italic> </jats:sub>, and <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>z</jats:italic> </jats:sub>) for the substitutional Ti<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> and W<jats:sup>5+</jats:sup> centers in stishovite are theoretically investigated by using the high-order perturbation formulas of these parameters for a d<jats:sup>1</jats:sup> ion in rhombically compressed octahedra. In the calculation formulas, the related molecular orbital coefficients are obtained from the cluster approach, and the relevant crystal-field (CF) parameters are determined from the superposition model, which enables to connect these CF parameters and, hence, the studied <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> factors with the local structures of the Ti<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> and W<jats:sup>5+</jats:sup> centers in stishovite. Based on the calculations, the impurity–ligand bond lengths parallel and perpendicular to the <jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>2</jats:sub>-axis are found to be <jats:italic>R</jats:italic>′<jats:sub>||</jats:sub> (≈1.751 and 1.717 Å) and <jats:italic>R</jats:italic>′<jats:sub>⊥</jats:sub> (≈1.788 and 1.806 Å) with the planar bond angles <jats:italic>θ</jats:italic>′ (≈89.0° and 88.2°) for the studied [TiO<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>]<jats:sup>9−</jats:sup> and [WO<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>]<jats:sup>7−</jats:sup> clusters, respectively. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data, and the validity of the results is discussed.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139767407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan, Muhammad Ahmad, Rub Nawaz Bhuttee, Maryam Tahir, Muhammad Azhar, Sabah Haider, Nadia Anwar, Muhammad Bilal, Sabeen Ameen, Syed Sajjad Hussain, Saira Riaz, Shahzad Naseem
This study presents the synthesis and characterization of pristine and transition metal (Co, Fe, and Zr)-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films fabricated via RF magnetron sputtering. The effect of transition metal doping on ITO thin films properties was comprehensively examined using numerous spectroscopic and microscopic methods such as XRD, FTIR, and SEM coupled with EDX, UV–visible and PL spectroscopy, and four-probe and J–V measurements. The cubic crystal structure of the materials was confirmed through XRD spectroscopy, while FTIR results validated the existence of chemical bonds, signified by sharp peaks at 608 cm−1 and 667 cm−1 in the fingerprint region. SEM imaging revealed a granular-like agglomerated structure, with EDX confirming the elemental composition of the samples. The incorporation of Co, Fe, and Zr ions into ITO is aimed at improving photoconductivity and the optical bandgap, with the ultimate objective of enhancing performance in photovoltaic applications. Our findings showed a significant decrease in optical transmission in the visible spectrum. The bandgap also experienced a minor decrease from 3.67 eV to 3.53 eV. Analysis of the photoluminescence spectra exhibited the majority of emission peaks in the UV region, ascribed to electronic transitions occurring via band-to-band and band-to-impurity interactions within the ITO. Electrical measurements indicated lower resistance, higher current flow, and increased carrier concentration in transition metals–doped ITO compared to the undoped ITO, with Zr-doped ITO exhibiting the highest conductivity and optimal charge flow among all dopants. These promising findings in terms of optical, structural, and electrical attributes signal the potential of these materials for photovoltaic system applications.
本研究介绍了通过射频磁控溅射法制造的原始和过渡金属（钴、铁和锆）掺杂氧化铟锡（ITO）薄膜的合成和表征。使用多种光谱和显微方法，如 XRD、傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、EDX、紫外可见光和聚光光谱以及四探针和 J-V 测量，全面研究了过渡金属掺杂对氧化铟锡薄膜特性的影响。XRD 光谱证实了材料的立方晶体结构，而 FTIR 结果则验证了化学键的存在，指纹区 608 cm-1 和 667 cm-1 处的尖锐峰表明了这一点。扫描电子显微镜成像显示了颗粒状的团聚结构，EDX 则证实了样品的元素组成。在 ITO 中加入 Co、Fe 和 Zr 离子旨在提高光导率和光带隙，最终目的是提高光伏应用的性能。我们的研究结果表明，可见光谱的光传输率明显下降。带隙也略有下降，从 3.67 eV 降至 3.53 eV。对光致发光光谱的分析表明，大部分发射峰位于紫外区，这是由于 ITO 内部通过带与带和带与杂质之间的相互作用发生了电子跃迁。电学测量表明，与未掺杂的 ITO 相比，掺杂过渡金属的 ITO 电阻更低、电流更大、载流子浓度更高，其中掺杂 Zr 的 ITO 在所有掺杂剂中具有最高的导电性和最佳的电荷流。这些在光学、结构和电学属性方面前景广阔的研究结果预示着这些材料在光伏系统应用方面的潜力。
{"title":"Enhancing charge transport and photoluminescence characteristics via transition metals doping in ITO thin films","authors":"Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan, Muhammad Ahmad, Rub Nawaz Bhuttee, Maryam Tahir, Muhammad Azhar, Sabah Haider, Nadia Anwar, Muhammad Bilal, Sabeen Ameen, Syed Sajjad Hussain, Saira Riaz, Shahzad Naseem","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0214","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the synthesis and characterization of pristine and transition metal (Co, Fe, and Zr)-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films fabricated via RF magnetron sputtering. The effect of transition metal doping on ITO thin films properties was comprehensively examined using numerous spectroscopic and microscopic methods such as XRD, FTIR, and SEM coupled with EDX, UV–visible and PL spectroscopy, and four-probe and <jats:italic>J</jats:italic>–<jats:italic>V</jats:italic> measurements. The cubic crystal structure of the materials was confirmed through XRD spectroscopy, while FTIR results validated the existence of chemical bonds, signified by sharp peaks at 608 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 667 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> in the fingerprint region. SEM imaging revealed a granular-like agglomerated structure, with EDX confirming the elemental composition of the samples. The incorporation of Co, Fe, and Zr ions into ITO is aimed at improving photoconductivity and the optical bandgap, with the ultimate objective of enhancing performance in photovoltaic applications. Our findings showed a significant decrease in optical transmission in the visible spectrum. The bandgap also experienced a minor decrease from 3.67 eV to 3.53 eV. Analysis of the photoluminescence spectra exhibited the majority of emission peaks in the UV region, ascribed to electronic transitions occurring via band-to-band and band-to-impurity interactions within the ITO. Electrical measurements indicated lower resistance, higher current flow, and increased carrier concentration in transition metals–doped ITO compared to the undoped ITO, with Zr-doped ITO exhibiting the highest conductivity and optimal charge flow among all dopants. These promising findings in terms of optical, structural, and electrical attributes signal the potential of these materials for photovoltaic system applications.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139767408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The quantum-phase-field concept of matter is revisited with special emphasis on the introverted view of space. Extroverted space surrounds physical objects, while introverted space lies in between physical objects. Space between objects leads to a network structure of matter: a network in which one-dimensional spaces connect individual particles.
{"title":"Concept of introverted space: is multidimensional, extroverted space an illusion?","authors":"Ingo Steinbach","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0288","url":null,"abstract":"The quantum-phase-field concept of matter is revisited with special emphasis on the introverted view of space. Extroverted space surrounds physical objects, while introverted space lies in between physical objects. Space between objects leads to a network structure of matter: a network in which one-dimensional spaces connect individual particles.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139656227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The various structural and conductive attributes of barium cerate, BaCeO3 position it as a highly promising matrix for energy storage purposes. The current study illustrates that barium cerate can be effectively tailored by introducing trivalent praseodymium ions, thereby enhancing its optical properties as well. In this work, single-phased orthorhombic crystalline powders of barium cerate incorporated with Pr3+ (BaCeO3: Pr3+) were synthesized using the gel combustion procedure, followed by calcination. We conducted a comprehensive investigation into their crystal structure, vibrational characteristics, optical properties, and potential applications in wLEDs. The structure refinement indicates that Pr3+ occupies Ce4+ site, which results in the expansion of the cell and facilitates the generation of defects such as PrCe′${mathrm{Pr}}_{text{Ce}}^{prime }$ and oxygen vacancies VO⋅⋅${V}_{text{O}}^{cdot cdot }$. By correlating information gathered from diffuse reflectance spectra with that obtained from photoluminescence spectra, we gained a deeper understanding of the electronic level structure and the mechanism of energy transfer. We successfully achieved a finely tuned cool white light emission with very low color purity (CP), a high color rendering index (CRI), and a high correlated color temperature (CCT) with a quantum efficiency of 36.3 % by exciting the material with a 321 nm wavelength. Because of the transfer of energy within activators through dipole–dipole interaction, luminescence quenching occurs when Pr3+ concentration reaches 1 wt%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the initial investigation of luminescence properties of Pr-incorporated barium cerate perovskites.
{"title":"Unveiling the luminescence property of Pr-incorporated barium cerate perovskites for white LED applications","authors":"Jasira Seere Valappil, Veena Vannadil Puthiyaveetil, Shilpa Cherlan Kottianmadathil, Huda Thasneem Abdul Majeed, Nissamudeen Kavukuzhi Meerasahib","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0304","url":null,"abstract":"The various structural and conductive attributes of barium cerate, BaCeO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> position it as a highly promising matrix for energy storage purposes. The current study illustrates that barium cerate can be effectively tailored by introducing trivalent praseodymium ions, thereby enhancing its optical properties as well. In this work, single-phased orthorhombic crystalline powders of barium cerate incorporated with Pr<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> (BaCeO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>: Pr<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>) were synthesized using the gel combustion procedure, followed by calcination. We conducted a comprehensive investigation into their crystal structure, vibrational characteristics, optical properties, and potential applications in wLEDs. The structure refinement indicates that Pr<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> occupies Ce<jats:sup>4+</jats:sup> site, which results in the expansion of the cell and facilitates the generation of defects such as <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <m:msubsup> <m:mrow> <m:mi>Pr</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mtext>Ce</m:mtext> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mo>′</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:msubsup> </m:math> <jats:tex-math>${mathrm{Pr}}_{text{Ce}}^{prime }$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_zna-2023-0304_ineq_001.png\" /> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> and oxygen vacancies <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <m:msubsup> <m:mrow> <m:mi>V</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mtext>O</m:mtext> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mo>⋅</m:mo> <m:mo>⋅</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:msubsup> </m:math> <jats:tex-math>${V}_{text{O}}^{cdot cdot }$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_zna-2023-0304_ineq_002.png\" /> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>. By correlating information gathered from diffuse reflectance spectra with that obtained from photoluminescence spectra, we gained a deeper understanding of the electronic level structure and the mechanism of energy transfer. We successfully achieved a finely tuned cool white light emission with very low color purity (CP), a high color rendering index (CRI), and a high correlated color temperature (CCT) with a quantum efficiency of 36.3 % by exciting the material with a 321 nm wavelength. Because of the transfer of energy within activators through dipole–dipole interaction, luminescence quenching occurs when Pr<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> concentration reaches 1 wt%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the initial investigation of luminescence properties of Pr-incorporated barium cerate perovskites.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139580669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In classical physics, there is a basic principle, namely “A particle cannot be located at the position of another one on the same time.” Which consequences can be derived if this principle is transferred into quantum physics? For doing that, two distinguishable particles are considered to be trapped in a potential box by means of the Schrödinger equation. In result, the particles can necessarily be located only at discrete positions.
{"title":"Quantum-mechanical treatment of two particles in a potential box","authors":"Gottfried Mann","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0157","url":null,"abstract":"In classical physics, there is a basic principle, namely “A particle cannot be located at the position of another one on the same time.” Which consequences can be derived if this principle is transferred into quantum physics? For doing that, two distinguishable particles are considered to be trapped in a potential box by means of the Schrödinger equation. In result, the particles can necessarily be located only at discrete positions.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139554741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article we investigated the characteristic shock and weak discontinuity wave in a rotating medium of perfect gas in the case of one-dimensional (1-D) adiabatic motion under an axial magnetic field governed by the system of PDEs (partial differential equations). We have obtained some classes of analytical solutions of the system of PDEs that demonstrates the time-space dependency. With change in the values of rotational parameter, adiabatic index and the ratio of initial magnetic pressure to dynamic pressure, effect on the acceleration wave’s amplitude and jump in the flow variables across the characteristic shock is analyzed in detail. We have obtained an expression for the jump in shock acceleration, the amplitudes of transmitted and reflected waves caused by the incident wave on the characteristic shock after the interaction of a weak discontinuity. It is investigated that the jump function across the characteristic shock decay effect, and goes to 0 as time t → ∞, whereas a weak discontinuity wave may culminate into a shock wave, depending on the initial amplitude value. It is also found that the shock formation time reduces due to the consideration of magnetic field or rotating medium.
在这篇文章中，我们研究了在轴向磁场下一维（1-D）绝热运动情况下，由偏微分方程（PDEs）系统支配的完美气体旋转介质中的特征冲击波和弱不连续波。我们得到了该偏微分方程系统的几类解析解，它们证明了时空相关性。随着旋转参数、绝热指数和初始磁压与动压之比值的变化，我们详细分析了加速波振幅和跨特征冲击流变量跃迁的影响。我们得到了弱不连续面相互作用后入射波在特征冲击波上引起的冲击加速度跃变、透射波和反射波振幅的表达式。研究发现，跃迁函数跨越了特征冲击衰减效应，在时间 t → ∞ 时归于 0，而弱不连续波可能最终变成冲击波，这取决于初始振幅值。研究还发现，由于考虑到磁场或旋转介质，冲击形成时间会缩短。
{"title":"Evaluation of weak discontinuity in rotating medium with magnetic field, characteristic shock and weak discontinuity interaction","authors":"Gorakh Nath, Prakash Upadhyay","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0275","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we investigated the characteristic shock and weak discontinuity wave in a rotating medium of perfect gas in the case of one-dimensional (1-D) adiabatic motion under an axial magnetic field governed by the system of PDEs (partial differential equations). We have obtained some classes of analytical solutions of the system of PDEs that demonstrates the time-space dependency. With change in the values of rotational parameter, adiabatic index and the ratio of initial magnetic pressure to dynamic pressure, effect on the acceleration wave’s amplitude and jump in the flow variables across the characteristic shock is analyzed in detail. We have obtained an expression for the jump in shock acceleration, the amplitudes of transmitted and reflected waves caused by the incident wave on the characteristic shock after the interaction of a weak discontinuity. It is investigated that the jump function across the characteristic shock decay effect, and goes to 0 as time <jats:italic>t</jats:italic> → ∞, whereas a weak discontinuity wave may culminate into a shock wave, depending on the initial amplitude value. It is also found that the shock formation time reduces due to the consideration of magnetic field or rotating medium.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139499951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A quadruple Beltrami (QB) equilibrium state for a four-component plasma that consists of inertial electrons, positrons, lighter positive (H+) ions and heavier negative ions O 2 − $left({mathrm{O}}_{2}^{-}right)$ is derived and investigated. The QB relaxed state is a linear superposition of four distinct single Beltrami fields and provides the possibility of the formation of four self-organized vortices of different length scales. In addition, robust magnetofluid coupling characterizes this non-force-free state. The analysis of the QB state also shows that by adjusting the generalized helicities and densities of plasma species, the formation of multiscale structures as well as the paramagnetic and diamagnetic behavior of the relaxed state can be controlled.
摘要 对由惯性电子、正电子、较轻的正离子（H+）和较重的负离子 O 2 - $left({mathrm{O}}_{2}^{-}right)$ 组成的四成分等离子体的四重贝特拉米（QB）平衡态进行了推导和研究。QB 松弛态是四个不同的单一贝尔特拉米场的线性叠加，并提供了形成四个不同长度尺度的自组织涡旋的可能性。此外，稳健的磁流体耦合也是这种非无力状态的特征。对 QB 状态的分析还表明，通过调整等离子体物种的广义螺旋和密度，可以控制多尺度结构的形成以及弛豫状态的顺磁和二磁行为。
{"title":"Quadruple Beltrami field structures in electron–positron multi-ion plasma","authors":"Farhat Saleem, Muhammad Iqbal, Usman Shazad","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0265","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A quadruple Beltrami (QB) equilibrium state for a four-component plasma that consists of inertial electrons, positrons, lighter positive (H+) ions and heavier negative ions O 2 − $left({mathrm{O}}_{2}^{-}right)$ is derived and investigated. The QB relaxed state is a linear superposition of four distinct single Beltrami fields and provides the possibility of the formation of four self-organized vortices of different length scales. In addition, robust magnetofluid coupling characterizes this non-force-free state. The analysis of the QB state also shows that by adjusting the generalized helicities and densities of plasma species, the formation of multiscale structures as well as the paramagnetic and diamagnetic behavior of the relaxed state can be controlled.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"2 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：