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PIRD: P2P-Based Intelligent Resource Discovery in Internet-Based Distributed Systems 基于互联网的分布式系统中基于p2p的智能资源发现
Pub Date : 2008-06-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICDCS.2008.9
Haiying Shen, Ze Li, Ting Li, Yingwu Zhu
Internet-based distributed systems enable globally scattered resources to be collectively pooled and used in a cooperative manner to achieve unprecedented petascale super computing capabilities. Numerous resource discovery approaches have been proposed to help achieve this goal. To report or discover a multi-attribute resource, most approaches use multiple messages with each message for an attribute, leading to high overhead. Anther approach can reduce multi-attribute to one index, but it is not practically effective in an environment with a large number of different resource attributes. Furthermore, few approaches are able to locate resources geographically close to the requesters, which is critical to system performance. This paper presents a P2P-based intelligent resource discovery (PIRD) mechanism that weaves all attributes into a set of indices using locality sensitive hashing, and then maps the indices to a structured P2P. It further incorporates Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm to compress attribute information for higher efficiency. In addition, it helps to search resources geographically close to requesters by relying on a hierarchical P2P structure. PIRD significantly reduces overhead and improves the efficiency and effectiveness of resource discovery. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of PIRD in comparison with other approaches. It dramatically reduces overhead and yields significant improvements on the efficiency of resource discovery.
基于internet的分布式系统使全球分散的资源能够以一种协作的方式被集中和使用,从而实现前所未有的千兆级超级计算能力。已经提出了许多资源发现方法来帮助实现这一目标。为了报告或发现多属性资源,大多数方法使用多个消息,每个消息对应一个属性,从而导致高开销。另一种方法可以将多个属性减少到一个索引,但在具有大量不同资源属性的环境中,这种方法实际上并不有效。此外,很少有方法能够在地理上定位靠近请求者的资源,这对系统性能至关重要。本文提出了一种基于P2P的智能资源发现(PIRD)机制,该机制利用位置敏感哈希将所有属性编织成一组索引,然后将索引映射到结构化的P2P。进一步结合Lempel-Ziv-Welch算法对属性信息进行压缩,提高压缩效率。此外,它还通过依赖于分层P2P结构来帮助搜索地理上靠近请求者的资源。PIRD显著降低了开销,提高了资源发现的效率和有效性。理论分析和仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。它极大地降低了开销,并显著提高了资源发现的效率。
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引用次数: 26
Wavenet: A Wavelet-Based Approach to Monitor Changes on Data Distribution in Networks 小波网络:一种基于小波的监测网络数据分布变化的方法
Pub Date : 2008-06-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICDCS.2008.80
Mei Li, Ping Xia, Wang-Chien Lee
A massive amount of data is available in distributed fashion on various networks, including Internet, peer-to-peer networks, and wireless sensor networks. Users are often interested in monitoring interesting patterns or abnormal events hidden in these data. Transferring all the raw data from each host node to a central coordinator for processing is costly and unnecessary. In this study, we investigate the problem of monitoring changes on the data distribution in the networks (MCDN). To address this problem, we propose a technique, called wavenet, by compressing the local item set in each host node into a compact yet accurate summary, called local wavelet, for communication with the coordinator. We also propose adaptive monitoring to address the issues of local wavelet propagation in wavenet. An extensive performance evaluation has been conducted to validate our proposal and demonstrates the efficiency of wavenet.
大量的数据以分布式的方式在各种网络上可用,包括Internet、点对点网络和无线传感器网络。用户通常对监视隐藏在这些数据中的有趣模式或异常事件感兴趣。将所有原始数据从每个主机节点传输到中央协调器进行处理是昂贵且不必要的。在本研究中,我们探讨了监控网络中数据分布变化的问题。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种称为小波的技术,通过将每个主机节点中的局部项目集压缩成一个紧凑而准确的摘要,称为局部小波,以便与协调器通信。我们还提出了自适应监测,以解决小波网络中的局部小波传播问题。广泛的性能评估已经进行,以验证我们的建议,并证明了小波网络的效率。
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引用次数: 2
Crystal: An Emulation Framework for Practical Peer-to-Peer Multimedia Streaming Systems 实用点对点多媒体流系统的仿真框架
Pub Date : 2008-06-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICDCS.2008.57
Mea Wang, H. Shojania, Baochun Li
To rapidly evolve new designs of peer-to-peer (P2P) multimedia streaming systems, it is highly desirable to test and troubleshoot them in a controlled and repeatable experimental environment in a local cluster of servers, as it is risky to integrate untested protocols in live production and mission-critical peer-to-peer sessions, such as live P2P streaming. Though it is possible to construct such controlled experiments with virtual machine monitors, there are a number of challenges and roadblocks: (1) The deployment of such resource-hungry virtual machine environments are complicated and time-consuming for researchers without prior systems expertise; (2) The system designer needs to implement many basic streaming elements, such as playback buffers and message switches. In this paper, we seek to address these challenges by introducing Crystal, an emulation framework for practical P2P multimedia streaming systems, which provides support for developing, testing, and troubleshooting new streaming system designs in a controlled server cluster environment. It is our imperative design objective that Crystal offers ease of use, rapid experimental turnaround, and the capability of emulating realistic P2P environments.
为了快速发展点对点(P2P)多媒体流系统的新设计,非常需要在本地服务器集群的受控和可重复的实验环境中对它们进行测试和故障排除,因为在实时生产和关键任务点对点会话(例如实时P2P流)中集成未经测试的协议是有风险的。虽然可以用虚拟机监视器构建这样的受控实验,但存在许多挑战和障碍:(1)对于没有系统专业知识的研究人员来说,部署这种资源匮乏的虚拟机环境是复杂和耗时的;(2)系统设计者需要实现许多基本的流元素,如回放缓冲区和消息切换。在本文中,我们试图通过引入Crystal来解决这些挑战,Crystal是一个实用的P2P多媒体流系统仿真框架,它为在受控服务器集群环境中开发、测试和排除新流系统设计提供支持。这是我们势在必行的设计目标,水晶提供易于使用,快速的实验周转,并模拟现实的P2P环境的能力。
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引用次数: 5
Sensor Node Localization Using Uncontrolled Events 使用非受控事件的传感器节点定位
Pub Date : 2008-06-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICDCS.2008.44
Ziguo Zhong, Dan Wang, T. He
Many event-driven localization methods have been proposed as low cost, energy efficient solutions for wireless senor networks. In order to eliminate the requirement of accurately controlled events in existing approaches, we present a practical design using totally uncontrolled events for stationary sensor node positioning. The novel idea of this design is to estimate both the event generation parameters and the location of each sensor node by processing node sequences easily obtained from uncontrolled event distribution. To demonstrate the generality of our design, both straight-line scan and circular wave propagation events are addressed in this paper, and we evaluated our approach through theoretical analysis, extensive simulation and a physical test bed implementation with 41 MICAz motes. The evaluation results illustrate that with only randomly generated events, our solution can effectively localize sensor nodes with excellent flexibility while adding no extra cost at the resource constrained sensor node side. In addition, localization using uncontrolled events provides a nice potential option of achieving node positioning through natural ambient events.
许多事件驱动的定位方法作为低成本、高能效的无线传感器网络解决方案已经被提出。为了消除现有方法对精确控制事件的要求,我们提出了一种使用完全不受控制事件进行静止传感器节点定位的实用设计。该设计的新颖思想是通过处理从不受控制的事件分布中容易获得的节点序列来估计事件产生参数和每个传感器节点的位置。为了证明我们设计的通用性,本文讨论了直线扫描和圆波传播事件,我们通过理论分析,广泛的模拟和41个MICAz粒子的物理测试平台实现来评估我们的方法。评估结果表明,仅随机生成事件,我们的解决方案可以有效地定位传感器节点,具有良好的灵活性,同时不会在资源受限的传感器节点侧增加额外的成本。此外,使用非受控事件进行定位提供了一种通过自然环境事件实现节点定位的潜在选择。
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引用次数: 24
Data Estimation in Sensor Networks Using Physical and Statistical Methodologies 传感器网络中使用物理和统计方法的数据估计
Pub Date : 2008-06-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICDCS.2008.22
Yingshu Li, Chunyu Ai, Wiwek P. Deshmukh, Yiwei Wu
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are employed in many applications in order to collect data. One key challenge is to minimize energy consumption to prolong network lifetime. A scheme of making some nodes asleep and estimating their values according to the other active nodespsila readings has been proved energy-efficient. For the purpose of improving the precision of estimation, we propose two powerful estimation models, data estimation using physical model (DEPM) and data estimation using statistical model (DESM). DEPM estimates the values of sleeping nodes by the physical characteristics of sensed attributes, while DESM estimates the values through the spatial and temporal correlations of the nodes. Experimental results on real sensor networks show that the proposed techniques provide accurate estimations and conserve energy efficiently.
无线传感器网络(WSNs)在许多应用中用于数据采集。一个关键的挑战是最小化能耗以延长网络寿命。一种使一些节点处于休眠状态,并根据其他活动节点的状态值估计其值的方案已被证明是节能的。为了提高估计的精度,我们提出了两种强大的估计模型:物理模型数据估计(DEPM)和统计模型数据估计(DESM)。DEPM通过感知属性的物理特征来估计睡眠节点的值,而DESM通过节点的时空相关性来估计值。在实际传感器网络上的实验结果表明,该方法能提供准确的估计,并能有效地节约能量。
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引用次数: 19
Adaptive Distributed Time-Slot Based Scheduling for Fairness in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks 基于自适应分布式时隙的多跳无线网络公平性调度
Pub Date : 2008-06-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICDCS.2008.108
A. Rao, I. Stoica
Recent research indicates that multi-hop wireless networks can suffer from extreme imbalances in the throughput achieved by simultaneous competing flows. We address this problem by designing a practical distributed algorithm to compute a time-slot based schedule that provides end-to-end max-min fairness. Our system uses randomized priorities based on local weights to arbitrate access between nodes that directly compete with each other (we call this weighted slot allocation or WSA). The local weights are in turn computed by a higher layer called end-to-end fairness using local weights (EFLoW). EFLoW implements an additive-increase multiplicative-decrease (AIMD) algorithm that can automatically adapt to changes in traffic demands and network conditions. In each iteration, EFLoW only uses state obtained from within a given node's contention region. We have implemented WSA and EFLoW in both a simulator and a real system by using the overlay MAC layer (OML). Unlike previous work on end-to-end fairness, our approach does not use a centralized coordinator and works for traffic patterns with any number of sources and sinks. Also, since we compute both the fair allocation and a schedule to achieve it, we do not make any assumptions about the efficiency of carrier-sense (CS) based MACs - this is very important in the light of recent work which shows that current CS-based MACs can be very unfair even when all nodes are limited to sending at their fair rate. Our results show that WSA and EFLoW can prevent starvation of flows and improve fairness without sacrificing efficiency for a wide variety of traffic patterns.
最近的研究表明,多跳无线网络在同时竞争流所获得的吞吐量方面存在极端不平衡。我们通过设计一个实用的分布式算法来计算一个基于时隙的时间表,从而提供端到端的最大最小公平性来解决这个问题。我们的系统使用基于本地权重的随机优先级来仲裁直接相互竞争的节点之间的访问(我们称之为加权槽分配或WSA)。本地权重依次由称为端到端公平性的更高层使用本地权重(EFLoW)计算。EFLoW实现了一种AIMD算法,能够自动适应流量需求和网络条件的变化。在每次迭代中,EFLoW只使用从给定节点的争用区域内获得的状态。我们通过使用覆盖MAC层(OML)在模拟器和实际系统中实现了WSA和EFLoW。与之前关于端到端公平性的工作不同,我们的方法不使用集中式协调器,并且适用于具有任意数量的源和汇的流量模式。此外,由于我们计算了公平分配和实现它的时间表,因此我们没有对基于载波感知(CS)的mac的效率做出任何假设——这一点非常重要,因为最近的工作表明,即使所有节点都被限制以公平速率发送,当前基于CS的mac也可能非常不公平。我们的研究结果表明,WSA和EFLoW可以在不牺牲各种流量模式的效率的情况下防止流量饥饿和提高公平性。
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引用次数: 10
Fully Adaptive Power Saving Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks Using the Hyper Quorum System 使用超仲裁系统的Ad Hoc网络的完全自适应节能协议
Pub Date : 2008-06-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICDCS.2008.88
Shan-Hung Wu, Ming-Syan Chen, Chung-Min Chen
Quorum-based power saving (QPS) protocols have been proposed for ad hoc networks (e.g., IEEE 802.11 ad hoc mode) to increase energy efficiency and prolong the operational time of mobile stations. These protocols assign to each station a cycle pattern that specifies when the station should wake up (to transmit/receive data) and sleep (to save battery power). In all existing QPS protocols, the cycle length is either identical for all stations or is restricted to certain numbers (e.g. squares or primes). These restrictions on cycle length severely limit the practical use of QPS protocols as each individual station may want to select a cycle length that is best suited for its own need (in terms of remaining battery power, tolerable packet delay, and drop ratio). In this paper we propose the notion of hyper quorum system (HQS)-a generalization of QPS that allows for arbitrary cycle lengths. We describe algorithms to generate two different classes of HQS given any set of arbitrary cycle lengths as input. We then present analytical and simulation results that show the benefits of HQS-based power saving protocols over the existing QPS protocols.
针对自组织网络(如IEEE 802.11自组织模式)提出了基于群体的节能协议,以提高能源效率并延长移动站的运行时间。这些协议为每个工作站分配一个周期模式,指定工作站何时应该唤醒(发送/接收数据)和休眠(节省电池电量)。在所有现有的QPS协议中,周期长度对于所有站点都是相同的,或者被限制为特定的数字(例如平方数或素数)。这些对周期长度的限制严重限制了QPS协议的实际使用,因为每个站点可能希望选择最适合其自身需求的周期长度(就剩余电池电量、可容忍的数据包延迟和丢包率而言)。在本文中,我们提出了超仲裁系统(HQS)的概念,这是QPS的一个推广,允许任意周期长度。我们描述了在给定任意周期长度作为输入的情况下生成两类不同HQS的算法。然后,我们给出了分析和仿真结果,显示了基于hqs的节能协议相对于现有QPS协议的优势。
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引用次数: 31
Availability and Fairness Support for Storage QoS Guarantee 存储QoS保障的可用性和公平性支持
Pub Date : 2008-06-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICDCS.2008.107
Gang Peng, T. Chiueh
Multi-dimensional storage virtualization (MDSV) technology allows multiple virtual disks, each with a distinct combination of capacity, latency and bandwidth requirements, to be multiplexed on a physical disk storage system with performance isolation. This paper presents novel design and implementation techniques that solve the availability guarantee and fairness assurance problems in multi-dimensional storage virtualization. First, we show that a measurement-based admission control algorithm can reduce the effective resource requirement of a virtual disk with availability guarantee by accurately estimating its resource needs without prior knowledge of its input workload characteristics. Moreover, to accurately factor disk access overhead into real-time disk request scheduling algorithm, we propose a virtual disk switching overhead extraction and distribution algorithm that can derive the intrinsic disk access overhead associated with each virtual disk so as to achieve perfect performance isolation. Finally, we develop an adaptive server time leap-forward algorithm to effectively address the short-term unfairness problem of virtual clock-based disk scheduler, the only known proportional-share scheduler that is based on wall-clock time and thus enables disk utilization efficiency optimization while delivering disk QoS guarantees.
多维存储虚拟化(MDSV)技术允许在物理磁盘存储系统上复用多个虚拟磁盘,每个磁盘具有不同的容量、延迟和带宽需求组合,并且具有性能隔离。本文提出了一种新的设计和实现技术,解决了多维存储虚拟化中的可用性保证和公平性保证问题。首先,我们证明了一种基于测量的准入控制算法可以在不事先了解其输入工作负载特征的情况下准确估计其资源需求,从而降低具有可用性保证的虚拟磁盘的有效资源需求。此外,为了将磁盘访问开销准确地考虑到实时磁盘请求调度算法中,我们提出了一种虚拟磁盘交换开销提取和分配算法,该算法可以导出与每个虚拟磁盘相关的固有磁盘访问开销,从而实现完美的性能隔离。最后,我们开发了一种自适应服务器时间跳进算法,以有效地解决基于虚拟时钟的磁盘调度器的短期不公平问题,这是唯一已知的基于时钟时间的比例共享调度器,从而在提供磁盘QoS保证的同时实现磁盘利用率效率优化。
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引用次数: 15
Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Web Services for n-Tier and Service Oriented Architectures 用于n层和面向服务架构的拜占庭式容错Web服务
Pub Date : 2008-06-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICDCS.2008.94
Sajeeva L. Pallemulle, Haraldur D. Thorvaldsson, K. Goldman
Mission-critical services must be replicated to guarantee correctness and high availability in spite of arbitrary (Byzantine) faults. Traditional Byzantine fault tolerance protocols suffer from several major limitations. Some protocols do not support interoperability between replicated services. Other protocols provide poor fault isolation between services leading to cascading failures across organizational and application boundaries. Moreover, traditional protocols are unsuitable for applications with tiered architectures, long-running threads of computation, or asynchronous interaction between services. We present Perpetual, a protocol that supports Byzantine fault-tolerant execution of replicated services while enforcing strict fault isolation. Perpetual enables interaction between replicated services that may invoke and process remote requests asynchronously in long-running threads of computation. We present a modular implementation, an Axis2 Web Services extension, and experimental results that demonstrate only a moderate overhead due to replication.
必须复制关键任务服务,以保证正确性和高可用性,尽管存在任意(拜占庭式)错误。传统的拜占庭容错协议有几个主要的限制。有些协议不支持复制服务之间的互操作性。其他协议在服务之间提供较差的故障隔离,导致跨组织和应用程序边界的级联故障。此外,传统协议不适合具有分层体系结构、长时间运行的计算线程或服务之间异步交互的应用程序。我们提出Perpetual协议,它支持复制服务的拜占庭式容错执行,同时实施严格的故障隔离。Perpetual支持复制服务之间的交互,这些服务可以在长时间运行的计算线程中异步调用和处理远程请求。我们提供了一个模块化实现、一个Axis2 Web Services扩展和实验结果,这些结果表明,复制只会带来适度的开销。
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引用次数: 33
QoS Scheduling for Networked Storage System 网络存储系统QoS调度
Pub Date : 2008-06-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICDCS.2008.95
Yingping Lu, D. Du, Chuanyi Liu, Xianbo Zhang
Networked storage incorporates networking technology and storage technology, greatly extending the reach of the storage subsystem. In this paper, we present a novel Quality of Service (QoS) scheduling scheme to satisfy the requirements of different QoS requests for access to the networked storage system. Our key ideas include breaking down the requests into appropriate chunks of smaller sizes and taking the network characteristics into consideration such that 1) each session channel has smoother data access, 2) resource requirements such as buffer usage are reduced, and 3) more urgent requests can preempt a less urgent request. Our experimental results show that our scheme is effective in obtaining these goals.
网络存储结合了网络技术和存储技术,极大地扩展了存储子系统的覆盖范围。本文提出了一种新的QoS (Quality of Service,服务质量)调度方案,以满足访问网络存储系统的不同QoS请求。我们的关键思想包括将请求分解成适当的小块,并考虑到网络特性,以便1)每个会话通道具有更平滑的数据访问,2)减少资源需求(如缓冲区使用),以及3)更紧急的请求可以抢占不太紧急的请求。实验结果表明,该方案能够有效地实现上述目标。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2008 The 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
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