S. Mishra, M. Chaudhary, N. D. Joshi, Ayush Chandan, P. Gautam
Keratoconus is a progressive non inflammatory bilateral but usually asymmetric corneal disease characterised by paraxial stromal thinning and weakening that leads to corneal surface distortion. Rose K2 XL lens has an aspherical optical zone and employed in the fitting of irregular corneas for vision and comfort while maintaining corneal health. Rose K2 XL lens was fitted in a 35 year old male presented to contact lens clinic of BP Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies, Kathmandu having advanced keratoconus. His presenting best corrected visual acuity was 6/36 in right eye with plano and 2/60 in left eye with plano with no improvement with glasses.The corneal topography performed with Bon Sirius showed keratoconus compatible in both eyes. Rose K2 XL is a mini scleral lens which saw excellent fitting attending visual acuity of 6/12 in both eye. Rose K2 XL lenses are of viable alternative in the visual rehabilitation of patients with advanced keratoconus.
{"title":"Visual outcome of fitting Rose-K2 XL lens in a case with advanced keratoconus","authors":"S. Mishra, M. Chaudhary, N. D. Joshi, Ayush Chandan, P. Gautam","doi":"10.3126/jpsn.v3i1.57766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpsn.v3i1.57766","url":null,"abstract":"Keratoconus is a progressive non inflammatory bilateral but usually asymmetric corneal disease characterised by paraxial stromal thinning and weakening that leads to corneal surface distortion. Rose K2 XL lens has an aspherical optical zone and employed in the fitting of irregular corneas for vision and comfort while maintaining corneal health. Rose K2 XL lens was fitted in a 35 year old male presented to contact lens clinic of BP Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies, Kathmandu having advanced keratoconus. His presenting best corrected visual acuity was 6/36 in right eye with plano and 2/60 in left eye with plano with no improvement with glasses.The corneal topography performed with Bon Sirius showed keratoconus compatible in both eyes. Rose K2 XL is a mini scleral lens which saw excellent fitting attending visual acuity of 6/12 in both eye. Rose K2 XL lenses are of viable alternative in the visual rehabilitation of patients with advanced keratoconus.","PeriodicalId":241370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Society of Nepal","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134335317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Khadka, B. Paudel, M. Lamsal, N. Shrestha, M. Regmi, Sailaja Chhetri, P. Karki
Background : One of risk factors for increased rate of cardiovascular diseases and development of menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal/postmenopausal women is reduced estrogen production. Yoga practice improved menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. Whether yoga practice had effect on estrogen in perinomopausal/postmenopausal women was not known. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the effect of yoga on female hormones; estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) in perimenopausal women. Methods : The study included 60 perimenopausal women, grouped into yoga (n=30, age 44±2.64 years) and control (n=30, age 46±5.09 years) groups. The yoga group practiced meditation, pranayama and few simple asanas for 40 min/day, 6 days/week for 4 weeks. The control group did not practice any kinds of exercise. Levels of female hormones were assessed in all subjects at the beginning of the study and after four weeks of the study, and compared statistically. Institutional Ethical Committee approved the study. Results : Age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), Heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate were comparable between the groups at the beginning of the study. Hormones LH and FSH showed no significant changes within and between group comparisons. Serum estrogen [11.95 (5.05-41.32) vs 24.47 (12.54-64.90) pg/ml, p=0.036] and progesterone [0.24 (0.10-1.02) vs 2.0 (0.25-9.73) ng/ml, p=0.012] increased in yoga group after yoga practice in within group comparisons, whereas, the control group showed no changes. Conclusion : Estrogen and progesterone levels increased in perimenopausal women after four weeks of yoga practice, whereas, LH and FSH showed no changes. It reveals that yoga practice can have cardio protective effects in perimenopausal women.
{"title":"Effect of yoga on female hormones in peri-menopausal women","authors":"R. Khadka, B. Paudel, M. Lamsal, N. Shrestha, M. Regmi, Sailaja Chhetri, P. Karki","doi":"10.3126/jpsn.v3i1.57764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpsn.v3i1.57764","url":null,"abstract":"Background : One of risk factors for increased rate of cardiovascular diseases and development of menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal/postmenopausal women is reduced estrogen production. Yoga practice improved menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. Whether yoga practice had effect on estrogen in perinomopausal/postmenopausal women was not known. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the effect of yoga on female hormones; estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) in perimenopausal women.\u0000Methods : The study included 60 perimenopausal women, grouped into yoga (n=30, age 44±2.64 years) and control (n=30, age 46±5.09 years) groups. The yoga group practiced meditation, pranayama and few simple asanas for 40 min/day, 6 days/week for 4 weeks. The control group did not practice any kinds of exercise. Levels of female hormones were assessed in all subjects at the beginning of the study and after four weeks of the study, and compared statistically. Institutional Ethical Committee approved the study.\u0000Results : Age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), Heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate were comparable between the groups at the beginning of the study. Hormones LH and FSH showed no significant changes within and between group comparisons. Serum estrogen [11.95 (5.05-41.32) vs 24.47 (12.54-64.90) pg/ml, p=0.036] and progesterone [0.24 (0.10-1.02) vs 2.0 (0.25-9.73) ng/ml, p=0.012] increased in yoga group after yoga practice in within group comparisons, whereas, the control group showed no changes.\u0000Conclusion : Estrogen and progesterone levels increased in perimenopausal women after four weeks of yoga practice, whereas, LH and FSH showed no changes. It reveals that yoga practice can have cardio protective effects in perimenopausal women.","PeriodicalId":241370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Society of Nepal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129200075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiva Upadhaya, N. Mahotra, L. Shrestha, S. Pradhan, Sanyukta Gurung
Background: Obesity is a major health problem worldwide in the developed as well as in developing countries like Nepal. It has been linked with different co-morbidities that are known to increase the incidence of cardiopulmonary problems. The study aims to find the association of obesity markers with peak expiratory flow rate in young healthy participants. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was performed in 114 students of Maharajgunj Medical Campus in between the age group of 18-25 years. Subject’s body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, body fat percentage and peak expiratory flow rate were assessed. Peak expiratory flow rate was correlated separately with obesity markers using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The mean peak expiratory flow rates for male and female were 524.18±87.30 L/min and 355.78±77.89 L/min respectively. A negative correlation was found between peak expiratory flow rate and body mass index (r=-0.082, p=0.50), and also with waist circumference (r=-0.148, p=0.21), waist hip ratio (r=-0.095, p=0.42) and body fat percentage (r=-0.061, p=0.61) in males. In females, peak expiratory flow rate had a negative correlation with body mass index (r=-0.237, p=0.13) and body fat percentage (r=-0.227, p=0.15) whereas, it had a positive correlation with waist circumference (r=0.031, p=0.84) and waist hip ratio (r=0.023, p=0.89). Conclusion: All the obesity markers were negatively correlated with peak expiratory flow rate in males, whereas body mass index and body fat percentage were negatively correlated but waist circumference and waist hip ratio were positively correlated with peak expiratory flow rate in females. PEFR may not be affected by obesity both in males and females as all the correlations are weak.
{"title":"Association of obesity markers and peak expiratory flow rate in healthy students of a medical campus of Kathmandu, Nepal","authors":"Shiva Upadhaya, N. Mahotra, L. Shrestha, S. Pradhan, Sanyukta Gurung","doi":"10.3126/jpsn.v3i1.57763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpsn.v3i1.57763","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity is a major health problem worldwide in the developed as well as in developing countries like Nepal. It has been linked with different co-morbidities that are known to increase the incidence of cardiopulmonary problems. The study aims to find the association of obesity markers with peak expiratory flow rate in young healthy participants. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was performed in 114 students of Maharajgunj Medical Campus in between the age group of 18-25 years. Subject’s body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, body fat percentage and peak expiratory flow rate were assessed. Peak expiratory flow rate was correlated separately with obesity markers using Pearson’s correlation test.\u0000Results: The mean peak expiratory flow rates for male and female were 524.18±87.30 L/min and 355.78±77.89 L/min respectively. A negative correlation was found between peak expiratory flow rate and body mass index (r=-0.082, p=0.50), and also with waist circumference (r=-0.148, p=0.21), waist hip ratio (r=-0.095, p=0.42) and body fat percentage (r=-0.061, p=0.61) in males. In females, peak expiratory flow rate had a negative correlation with body mass index (r=-0.237, p=0.13) and body fat percentage (r=-0.227, p=0.15) whereas, it had a positive correlation with waist circumference (r=0.031, p=0.84) and waist hip ratio (r=0.023, p=0.89).\u0000Conclusion: All the obesity markers were negatively correlated with peak expiratory flow rate in males, whereas body mass index and body fat percentage were negatively correlated but waist circumference and waist hip ratio were positively correlated with peak expiratory flow rate in females. PEFR may not be affected by obesity both in males and females as all the correlations are weak.","PeriodicalId":241370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Society of Nepal","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133609232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vibina Aryal, Dayaram Ghimire, S. Kandel, A. Majumder, S. Manna
Background : The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on an increasing trend these days. Adverse effect of obesity can be seen in different physiological functions. This study aimed to see the fat distribution among students using different markers of obesity. Methods : A cross sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, National Medical College, which included 250 students. Body fat percentage was measured using Omron body composition monitor and waist circumference was measured using non-stretchable tape. Body Mass Index, Body Adiposity Index, Fat Mass and Waist Hip Ratio were calculated. Results : Among 127 male subjects 8.7% were overweight and 18.1%, 47.2%, and 33.1% had high and 7.9%, 15%, 10.2% had very high fat percentage which was obtained from Body Fat Percentage, Body Adiposity Index, and Fat Mass respectively. Similarly, 4.7% and 48.8% had high Waist Circumference and Waist Hip Ratio respectively. Among 123 female subjects 9.8% were overweight and 1.6% were obese. 21.1%, 5.7% and 28.5% had high and 4.1%, and 0.8% had very high fat percentage which was obtained from Body Fat Percentage, and Body Adiposity Index respectively. Also 5.7% and 38.2% had high Waist Circumference and Waist hip Ratio respectively. Conclusion : The study showed high prevalence of overweight and obesity when measured by other adiposity indices than by body mass index.
{"title":"Determination of different adiposity indices among students of a medical college of Nepal: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Vibina Aryal, Dayaram Ghimire, S. Kandel, A. Majumder, S. Manna","doi":"10.3126/jpsn.v3i1.57765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpsn.v3i1.57765","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on an increasing trend these days. Adverse effect of obesity can be seen in different physiological functions. This study aimed to see the fat distribution among students using different markers of obesity.\u0000Methods : A cross sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, National Medical College, which included 250 students. Body fat percentage was measured using Omron body composition monitor and waist circumference was measured using non-stretchable tape. Body Mass Index, Body Adiposity Index, Fat Mass and Waist Hip Ratio were calculated.\u0000Results : Among 127 male subjects 8.7% were overweight and 18.1%, 47.2%, and 33.1% had high and 7.9%, 15%, 10.2% had very high fat percentage which was obtained from Body Fat Percentage, Body Adiposity Index, and Fat Mass respectively. Similarly, 4.7% and 48.8% had high Waist Circumference and Waist Hip Ratio respectively. Among 123 female subjects 9.8% were overweight and 1.6% were obese. 21.1%, 5.7% and 28.5% had high and 4.1%, and 0.8% had very high fat percentage which was obtained from Body Fat Percentage, and Body Adiposity Index respectively. Also 5.7% and 38.2% had high Waist Circumference and Waist hip Ratio respectively.\u0000Conclusion : The study showed high prevalence of overweight and obesity when measured by other adiposity indices than by body mass index.","PeriodicalId":241370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Society of Nepal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123465161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peer-assisted learning involves students (peer tutors) facilitating small collaborative study groups composed of peer tutees. In a session, learning content is revised through a range of activities that encourage discussion, clarification, elucidation, and evaluation. Peer-assisted learning promotes greater sense of belonging to the academic community. Along with cognitive and psychomotor development, affective components such as an increase in self-esteem, self direction, analytical thinking, self-evaluation, and peer cooperation are also developed. Having similar roles, a similar knowledge base, and similar learning experiences all contribute to social cognitive congruence, which allows for informal and empathic communication and facilitates the creation of a learning environment that encourages an open exchange of ideas and personal concerns of students. An increasing number of medical students are enrolling in medical school worldwide, there are fewer resources available for teaching them, and there is a persistent push for economy and cost-effectiveness where many students can actively learn in a classroom setting. These factors all contribute to a growing interest in peer-assisted learning in the medical field worldwide. Despite empirical evidence pushing for institutions to adopt peer-assisted learning, it is an underutilized tool in Nepal. It is the goal of this review to provide an overview of peer-assisted learning, its underlying theories, benefits and pitfalls, and how it can be implemented.
{"title":"Enhancing collaborative learning through peer-assisted learning","authors":"N. Bhat, Sanyukta Gurung, Mudit Gupta, Nisha Dhungana, Roshan Kumar Thapa","doi":"10.3126/jpsn.v3i1.57762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpsn.v3i1.57762","url":null,"abstract":"Peer-assisted learning involves students (peer tutors) facilitating small collaborative study groups composed of peer tutees. In a session, learning content is revised through a range of activities that encourage discussion, clarification, elucidation, and evaluation. Peer-assisted learning promotes greater sense of belonging to the academic community. Along with cognitive and psychomotor development, affective components such as an increase in self-esteem, self direction, analytical thinking, self-evaluation, and peer cooperation are also developed. Having similar roles, a similar knowledge base, and similar learning experiences all contribute to social cognitive congruence, which allows for informal and empathic communication and facilitates the creation of a learning environment that encourages an open exchange of ideas and personal concerns of students. An increasing number of medical students are enrolling in medical school worldwide, there are fewer resources available for teaching them, and there is a persistent push for economy and cost-effectiveness where many students can actively learn in a classroom setting. These factors all contribute to a growing interest in peer-assisted learning in the medical field worldwide. Despite empirical evidence pushing for institutions to adopt peer-assisted learning, it is an underutilized tool in Nepal. It is the goal of this review to provide an overview of peer-assisted learning, its underlying theories, benefits and pitfalls, and how it can be implemented.","PeriodicalId":241370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Society of Nepal","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128050920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mortality due to cardiac cause is common amongst COVID-19 patients. Myocarditis, decompensated heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation and right bundle branch block (RBBB) were noted2 in many hospitalized COVID patients. Studies conducted time to time, in various countries and hospitals registered various numbers and percentages (%) of patients suffering from myocardial injury ranging from 8% to70% among the COVID victims. Infection by COVID-19 causes fever and inflammation in many organs and may cause serious myocarditis, even in those with no previous clinical history of cardiovascular disease.4 This infection may cause cardiomyopathy, altered rhythm, and reduction in optimum cardiac output.
Introduction: Prehypertension is an early indicator of hypertension and subsequently the increased risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in later years of life. Prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was found to be higher among adults in Nepal. However it is not much explored among the young population focusing on gender, hence requiring more studies to control it efficiently. Thus, this study aims to determine the prevalence of prehypertension and its associated risk factors among nursing students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the nursing students of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Banke, Nepal. Blood pressure measurement and anthropometric measurement was done for data collection. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and chi square test was done using SPSS v20. Results: Total 189 female nursing students participated whose mean age was 22.06±3.42 years. Only 21 participants (11.1%) had prehypertension. Out of total, 36 (19%) were overweight and 11 (5.8%) were obese; 56 (29.6%) had a high waist hip ratio and 75 (39.7%) of the participants had family history of hypertension. There was no significant association of prehypertension with body mass index, waist hip ratio and family history of hypertension. However, the systolic blood pressure was moderately and positively correlated with waist circumference (r=0.215, p=0.003), hip circumference (r=0.222, p=0.002) and body mass index (r=0.237, p=0.001) but not with waist-hip ratio. Similarly, the diastolic blood pressure was also moderately and positively correlated with waist circumference (r=0.309, p<0.001), hip circumference (r=0.269, p<0.001), body mass index (r=0.269, p<0.001) and waist hip ratio (r=0.178, p=0.014). Conclusions: Although the prevalence of prehypertension among nursing students is low and there are no significantly associated risk factors, blood pressure is still correlated with the anthropometric measurements.
{"title":"Prevalence of prehypertension and its associated risk factors among students of a nursing campus in Nepal","authors":"D. B. Pun, B. Thapa","doi":"10.3126/jpsn.v2i2.50175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpsn.v2i2.50175","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prehypertension is an early indicator of hypertension and subsequently the increased risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in later years of life. Prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was found to be higher among adults in Nepal. However it is not much explored among the young population focusing on gender, hence requiring more studies to control it efficiently. Thus, this study aims to determine the prevalence of prehypertension and its associated risk factors among nursing students.\u0000Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the nursing students of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Banke, Nepal. Blood pressure measurement and anthropometric measurement was done for data collection. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and chi square test was done using SPSS v20.\u0000Results: Total 189 female nursing students participated whose mean age was 22.06±3.42 years. Only 21 participants (11.1%) had prehypertension. Out of total, 36 (19%) were overweight and 11 (5.8%) were obese; 56 (29.6%) had a high waist hip ratio and 75 (39.7%) of the participants had family history of hypertension. There was no significant association of prehypertension with body mass index, waist hip ratio and family history of hypertension. However, the systolic blood pressure was moderately and positively correlated with waist circumference (r=0.215, p=0.003), hip circumference (r=0.222, p=0.002) and body mass index (r=0.237, p=0.001) but not with waist-hip ratio. Similarly, the diastolic blood pressure was also moderately and positively correlated with waist circumference (r=0.309, p<0.001), hip circumference (r=0.269, p<0.001), body mass index (r=0.269, p<0.001) and waist hip ratio (r=0.178, p=0.014).\u0000Conclusions: Although the prevalence of prehypertension among nursing students is low and there are no significantly associated risk factors, blood pressure is still correlated with the anthropometric measurements.","PeriodicalId":241370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Society of Nepal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128780111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Bhat, N. Mahotra, L. Shrestha, Prashant kumar Tripathi, T. Shrestha, Alina Karna, Mudit Gupta
Background: Auditory differences among male and female is an underexplored topic. Sex-specific process of evolution has lead to differences in the physiology of male and female. For a long time, health equity has been confronted due to unawareness among health care providers that the findings are usually derived from research conducted among male. The objective of this study was to find differences in hearing threshold among healthy male and female. Materials and Methods:This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted on age-matched male and female groups. Independent student's t-test was used to compare hearing thresholds at different frequencies between males and females. Result:There were 23 males, and 23 age-matched females recruited in the study. The mean age of male participants was 52.65±14.41 years, and that of female participants was 51.41±11.34 years. The differences in hearing threshold were not statistically significant at 250 Hertz, 500 Hertz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz, 4000 Hz and 8000 Hz of both ears. However, a higher threshold was observed in females at most frequencies. Conclusion: Although the hearing threshold was higher among females, observed differences in the hearing threshold between males and females were not significant.
{"title":"Hearing and sex: an analytical study","authors":"N. Bhat, N. Mahotra, L. Shrestha, Prashant kumar Tripathi, T. Shrestha, Alina Karna, Mudit Gupta","doi":"10.3126/jpsn.v2i2.50173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpsn.v2i2.50173","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Auditory differences among male and female is an underexplored topic. Sex-specific process of evolution has lead to differences in the physiology of male and female. For a long time, health equity has been confronted due to unawareness among health care providers that the findings are usually derived from research conducted among male. The objective of this study was to find differences in hearing threshold among healthy male and female. \u0000Materials and Methods:This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted on age-matched male and female groups. Independent student's t-test was used to compare hearing thresholds at different frequencies between males and females. \u0000Result:There were 23 males, and 23 age-matched females recruited in the study. The mean age of male participants was 52.65±14.41 years, and that of female participants was 51.41±11.34 years. The differences in hearing threshold were not statistically significant at 250 Hertz, 500 Hertz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz, 4000 Hz and 8000 Hz of both ears. However, a higher threshold was observed in females at most frequencies.\u0000Conclusion: Although the hearing threshold was higher among females, observed differences in the hearing threshold between males and females were not significant.","PeriodicalId":241370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Society of Nepal","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131741097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I wish to share with my Physiology teaching colleagues a few common observations among students on the imprecise and loose way in which they sometime use key Physiology words. The term ‘autoregulation’ generally means the ability of the body to respond to challenges and changing circumstances and maintain normal essential parameters. This broad meaning similar to the term homeostasis can then be used in sentences like ‘plasma osmolarity is autoregulated or ‘plasma potassium concentration is autoregulated’.
{"title":"‘Autoflogulation’ – a word to help students to be precise in explaining blood flow control","authors":"C. Ming","doi":"10.3126/jpsn.v2i2.50172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpsn.v2i2.50172","url":null,"abstract":"I wish to share with my Physiology teaching colleagues a few common observations among students on the imprecise and loose way in which they sometime use key Physiology words. \u0000The term ‘autoregulation’ generally means the ability of the body to respond to challenges and changing circumstances and maintain normal essential parameters. This broad meaning similar to the term homeostasis can then be used in sentences like ‘plasma osmolarity is autoregulated or ‘plasma potassium concentration is autoregulated’.","PeriodicalId":241370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Society of Nepal","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114972066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Physiologically, thyroid hormones have a vital role in maintaining metabolic balance of the human body. Subclinical hypothyroidism is often associated with hematological disorders including iron-deficiency anemia. This study aims to correlate thyroid stimulating hormone and iron profile in patients with subclinical primary hypothyroidism. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal among patients with subclinical primary hypothyroidism. The study was conducted from October 2018 to December 2019. Total of 60 patients above the age of 18 years were enrolled for the study. Thyroid function test was done by automated machine using electro chemiluminescent immunoassay technique and iron profile test was done by Immunoassay method using Vitros Analyzer. Pearson’s correlation test was applied to find the correlation between thyroid stimulating hormone and iron profile. Results: Among the 60 participants with subclinical hypothyroidism 23% were males and 77% were females with a mean age of 43 years. The mean serum iron (male =81.14 μg/dl female = 69.5 μg/dl), mean total iron binding capacity (male =470.35 μg/dl, female = 477.94 μg/ dl) and mean ferritin level (male=91.15 μg/dl, female=95.51 μg/dl) were within reference value of our laboratory. A negative correlation was observed between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and serum iron (r=0.376, P=0.003), thyroid stimulating hormone and total iron binding capacity also showed a negative correlation (r=-0.083, P=0.27). Similarly thyroid stimulating hormone and transferrin saturation also showed a negative correlation (r=-0.098, P=0.455) whereas, a positive correlation was observed between thyroid stimulating hormone and ferritin (r=0.037, P=0.779). Conclusions: This study concludes that thyroid stimulating hormone is negatively associated to serum iron, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation whereas, positively associated with ferritin among patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.
{"title":"Association of thyroid stimulating hormone and iron profile among patients with subclinical primary hypothyroidism","authors":"Suvekshya Maharjan, Lokeshwor Maharjan, Sumnima Mainali, Anita Lama, Sanyukta Gurung","doi":"10.3126/jpsn.v2i2.46432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpsn.v2i2.46432","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Physiologically, thyroid hormones have a vital role in maintaining metabolic balance of the human body. Subclinical hypothyroidism is often associated with hematological disorders including iron-deficiency anemia. This study aims to correlate thyroid stimulating hormone and iron profile in patients with subclinical primary hypothyroidism.\u0000Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal among patients with subclinical primary hypothyroidism. The study was conducted from October 2018 to December 2019. Total of 60 patients above the age of 18 years were enrolled for the study. Thyroid function test was done by automated machine using electro chemiluminescent immunoassay technique and iron profile test was done by Immunoassay method using Vitros Analyzer. Pearson’s correlation test was applied to find the correlation between thyroid stimulating hormone and iron profile.\u0000Results: Among the 60 participants with subclinical hypothyroidism 23% were males and 77% were females with a mean age of 43 years. The mean serum iron (male =81.14 μg/dl female = 69.5 μg/dl), mean total iron binding capacity (male =470.35 μg/dl, female = 477.94 μg/ dl) and mean ferritin level (male=91.15 μg/dl, female=95.51 μg/dl) were within reference value of our laboratory. A negative correlation was observed between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and serum iron (r=0.376, P=0.003), thyroid stimulating hormone and total iron binding capacity also showed a negative correlation (r=-0.083, P=0.27). Similarly thyroid stimulating hormone and transferrin saturation also showed a negative correlation (r=-0.098, P=0.455) whereas, a positive correlation was observed between thyroid stimulating hormone and ferritin (r=0.037, P=0.779).\u0000Conclusions: This study concludes that thyroid stimulating hormone is negatively associated to serum iron, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation whereas, positively associated with ferritin among patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.","PeriodicalId":241370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Society of Nepal","volume":"29 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120815271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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