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A propósito del artículo "Características y frecuencia de tuberculosis antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en adultos atendidos en un centro de atención primaria, Lima-Perú, 2019-2020" 关于文章“2019-2020年利马-秘鲁初级保健中心成人COVID-19大流行前和期间结核病的特征和频率”
Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n3.13
Patricia A. Pernia Gavedia
Sra. Editora: Con sumo interés he leído el artículo “Características y frecuencia de tuberculosis antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en adultos atendidos en un centro de atención primaria, Lima-Perú, 2019-2020” (1), publicado por Calixto et al. en la Revista Horizonte Médico, volumen 23, n.˚ 1, en donde se concluye que la prevalencia de la tuberculosis (TBC) fue mayor en el año 2020 en un centro de salud del primer nivel de atención, debido a un menor abordaje de los programas de TBC a causa de la pandemia por la COVID-19. Por tal razón, se considera oportuno reflexionar al respecto,dada la importancia significativa de la temática abordada.
编辑:女士饶有兴趣地读过结核”特性和频率之前和期间COVID-19大流行在初级卫生保健中心接受治疗,成人Lima-Perú2019-2020”(1)、医疗顶Calixto et案发表在《新英格兰医学期刊》23卷、n˚1,认为结核病流行率(友爱会)是一位老太太在2020年前在第一级的护理保健中心由于COVID-19大流行,cbt项目的方法减少了。因此,考虑到这一主题的重大重要性,认为对这一问题进行反思是适当的。
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引用次数: 0
Causas de exclusión de donantes renales vivos en el servicio de trasplante de un hospital de tercer nivel del noroeste de México 墨西哥西北部一家三级医院移植服务中排除活肾供体的原因
Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n3.08
K. Guzmán-Flores, A. Gurrola-Castillo, E. Ortega-Villa, JA Lugo-Machado
Objective: To identify the causes for exclusion of living kidney donors at a third-level hospital in northwestern Mexico. Materials and methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study, in which the medicalrecords of candidates for living kidney donation were evaluated from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. Results: Out of the 30 selected records, only 6.6 % (2) were chosen as donors, i.e., the rejection rate of the potential candidates was 93.3 % (28). The average age was 40.7 years; when divided into age groups, it was observed that 7.44 % were ≤ 39 years, 5.31 % were ≥ 50 years and 4.25 % were in the 40–49 age range. The main pathologies that caused therejection of living donors were chronic diseases such as unknown renal disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension and heart diseases, which accounted for 60.7 %. The desire to donate was more frequent among blood relatives than non-blood relatives. In the case of blood relatives, i.e., siblings, parents, children, uncles, aunts, etc., 64.2 % were rejected, while 34.7 % of non-blood relatives, including spouses and friends, were rejected.Conclusions: Based on the body mass index (BMI), the results showed that overweight and obesity were the main causes of exclusion, a situation that is consistent with the Mexican epidemiological profile. The number of living donors at ourcenter has been reduced because most of the population is not healthy and has obesity, which affects the willingness to be a candidate for living kidney donation.
目的:探讨墨西哥西北部某三级医院排除活体肾供者的原因。材料与方法:采用观察性、横断面、描述性和回顾性研究,对2019年1月1日至2021年12月31日的活体肾脏捐献候选人病历进行评估。结果:30例入选记录中,仅有6.6%(2例)被选为供体,即潜在候选人的拒绝率为93.3%(28例)。平均年龄40.7岁;按年龄分组,7.44%的患者年龄≤39岁,5.31%的患者年龄≥50岁,4.25%的患者年龄在40 ~ 49岁。引起活体供体排斥反应的主要病理为慢性疾病,如未知肾脏疾病、肥胖、糖尿病、全身性高血压和心脏病,占60.7%。有血亲关系的人比没有血亲关系的人更愿意献血。在血亲中,即兄弟姐妹、父母、子女、叔叔、阿姨等,被拒绝的比例为64.2%,而非血亲,包括配偶和朋友,被拒绝的比例为34.7%。结论:基于身体质量指数(BMI),结果显示超重和肥胖是排除的主要原因,这一情况与墨西哥的流行病学概况一致。我们中心的活体捐赠者数量减少了,因为大多数人都不健康,肥胖,这影响了活体肾脏捐赠的意愿。
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引用次数: 0
Riesgo ergonómico y trastornos-musculoesqueléticos en trabajadores de industria alimentaria en el Callao en el 2021 2021年卡亚奥食品工业工人的人体工程学风险和肌肉骨骼疾病
Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n3.04
Sally Torres-Ruiz
Objective: To determine the relationship between ergonomic risk and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among food industry workers in Callao, 2021.Materials and methods: A quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional, non-experimental study. The sample consisted of 184 workers. The main variables were measured with the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and the MSDs with Kuorinka’s Standardized Nordic questionnaires. A bivariate analysis of the primary and secondary variables was performed using the chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Student’s t-test. A significance level less than or equal to 0.05 was considered. Results: Out of all workers, 43.48 % had a low ergonomic risk and 79.89 % developed MSDs, with greater discomfort in the back, with 27.03 %, and the hand (right wrist), with 26.35 %. In addition, the relationship between the ergonomic risk factor and MSDs was significant (p = 0.001), with a positive correlation of 0.301. Likewise, MSDs were relatedto sex (p = 0.015), marital status (p = 0.011), type of contract (p = 0.001) and job position (p = 0.000).Conclusions: A relationship was found between ergonomic risk and MSDs among food industry workers in Callao, 2021. Moreover, most workers developed MSDs, with greater discomfort in the back. The variables of the present study should betaken into account when exploring effective and concrete intervention strategies to prevent MSDs. It is recommended to raise awareness of workers and employers about the appropriate ergonomic and personal measures necessary to improvethe safety and well-being of workers.
目的:确定2021年卡亚俄州食品工业工人的人体工程学风险与肌肉骨骼疾病(MSDs)之间的关系。材料和方法:定量的、相关的、横断面的、非实验性的研究。样本包括184名工人。主要变量采用快速全身评估法(REBA)测量,MSDs采用Kuorinka标准北欧问卷测量。采用卡方检验、Pearson相关系数和学生t检验对主、次变量进行双变量分析。考虑显著性水平小于或等于0.05。结果:43.48%的工人低工效风险,79.89%的工人出现了MSDs,其中背部不适较大,占27.03%,手(右手腕)不适较大,占26.35%。此外,人体工学危险因素与MSDs之间存在显著相关(p = 0.001),正相关为0.301。同样,MSDs与性别(p = 0.015)、婚姻状况(p = 0.011)、合同类型(p = 0.001)和工作职位(p = 0.000)有关。结论:2021年卡亚俄州食品工业工人的人体工程学风险与MSDs之间存在关系。此外,大多数工人患上了msd,背部更不舒服。在探索预防MSDs的有效和具体的干预策略时,应考虑本研究的变量。建议提高工人和雇主对适当的人体工程学和个人措施的认识,以改善工人的安全和福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Hostigamiento laboral y síndrome de burnout en personal sanitario en un hospital de referencia 转诊医院医护人员的职业骚扰和职业倦怠综合症
Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n3.07
Diego Marín Marín, Alonso Soto
Objective: To determine the association between workplace harassment and burnout syndrome among healthcare personnel of a Peruvian referral hospital. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study which included internists, surgeons, nurses, residents, internsand nursing technicians from the Medicine and Surgery departments of Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue in Lima, Peru. The Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey (MBI–HSS) and the Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised (NAQ–R)were used for the assessment of burnout and harassment, respectively. Additionally, the association with age, gender, occupation, marital status, workplace, salary satisfaction, family burden, physical activity, harmful habits, vacations, religious affiliation, number of jobs, monthly remuneration, job tenure, working hours per week, number of patients seen per day, weekly shifts and rest hours was evaluated. A multivariate analysis was conducted using a multiple logistic regression model and the presence or absence of burnout as an outcome variable. Results: The study consisted of 206 participants, out of whom 22 (10.7 %) suffered burnout and 27 (14 %) moderate tosevere harassment. In the bivariate analysis, age (OR 0.94; 95 % CI 0.89–0.99; p = 0.02), marital status such as married and cohabiting (OR 2.85; 95 % CI 1.01–8.06; p = 0.04) and harassment (OR 5.20; 95 % CI 1.92–14.09; p = 0.009) were associatedwith burnout. In the multivariate analysis, the only significant predictor of burnout was workplace harassment. Moderate to severe harassment was associated with OR 4.00 (95 % CI 1.4–11.3; p = 0.009) compared to mild harassment. Conclusions: It is important to identify health workers suffering workplace harassment due to its strong associationwith burnout syndrome. It is essential to carry out further research to understand and address the problem of workplace harassment and its influence on the development of burnout, as well as studies to evaluate interventions aimed at preventing both workplace harassment and burnout.
目的:了解秘鲁一家转诊医院医护人员工作场所骚扰与职业倦怠综合征之间的关系。材料和方法:一项横断面分析研究,包括来自秘鲁利马国立医院Hipólito Unanue内科和外科的内科医生、外科医生、护士、住院医生、实习生和护理技术人员。采用Maslach职业倦怠量表-人力服务调查(MBI-HSS)和负面行为问卷-修订(NAQ-R)分别对职业倦怠和骚扰进行评估。此外,还评估了年龄、性别、职业、婚姻状况、工作场所、工资满意度、家庭负担、身体活动、不良习惯、假期、宗教信仰、工作岗位数量、月报酬、工作任期、每周工作时间、每天就诊人数、每周轮班和休息时间的关系。采用多元逻辑回归模型进行多变量分析,并将倦怠的存在与否作为结果变量。结果:该研究包括206名参与者,其中22名(10.7%)遭受过倦怠,27名(14%)遭受中度至重度骚扰。在双变量分析中,年龄(OR 0.94;95% ci 0.89-0.99;p = 0.02),婚姻状况如已婚和同居(OR 2.85;95% ci 1.01-8.06;p = 0.04)和骚扰(OR 5.20;95% ci 1.92-14.09;P = 0.009)与职业倦怠相关。在多变量分析中,唯一显著的倦怠预测因子是工作场所骚扰。中度至重度骚扰与OR 4.00相关(95% CI 1.4-11.3;P = 0.009)与轻度骚扰相比。结论:由于工作场所骚扰与职业倦怠综合症密切相关,因此确定卫生工作者遭受职场骚扰非常重要。有必要开展进一步的研究,以了解和解决工作场所骚扰问题及其对职业倦怠发展的影响,并研究评估旨在预防工作场所骚扰和职业倦怠的干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
El sentimiento de soledad en la población adulta mayor participante en centros de día en Bogotá, Colombia 哥伦比亚bogota日托中心老年人的孤独感
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.01
Claudia Marcela Camargo-Rojas, Diego Andrés Chavarro-Carvajal
En el ámbito de la educación médica existen muchas y diferentes definiciones de profesionalismo médico (1). Sin embargo, se acepta de una manera general que “es cumplir con excelencia y responsabilidad con los deberes y atributos del profesional” (2). Una definición que nos acerca más al detalle es la presentada por Swick: “El profesionalismo médico consiste en aquellas conductas mediante las cuales nosotros como médicos demostramos que somos dignos de la confianza que nos otorgan nuestros pacientes y el público, porque estamos trabajando por el bien de los pacientes y del público. Si no demostramos que merecemos esa confianza, se perderá y, por lo tanto, se perderá el estatus de la medicina como profesión” (3).
医学教育领域存在不少医疗专业和不同定义(1)。然而,一般来说,“这是一项符合大人的责任与义务和职业属性”(2)。我们定义零售最重要的是提交人Swick[西班牙文]:“医疗专业是指我们作为医生证明我们值得病人和公众信任的行为,因为我们是在为病人和公众的利益而工作。如果我们不证明我们值得这种信任,它就会丧失,因此医学作为一种职业的地位也就会丧失。”
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引用次数: 0
Predictores clínicos y ecocardiográficos del síndrome de bajo gasto cardiaco en la cirugía valvular cardiaca 心脏瓣膜手术中低负荷综合征的临床和超声心动图预测因素
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.24265/horizmed.2023.v23n2.02
Yudeikis de la C. Granda Gámez, Yoandro Rosabal Garcia, Lisanet Copa Córdova
Objective: To determine the possible clinical and echocardiographic predictors associated with the onset of low cardiacoutput syndrome. Materials and methods: An analytical case–control study was conducted in patients with postoperative low cardiac output syndrome treated at Centro de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular of Hospital Provincial Docente Saturnino Lora in Santiago de Cuba from January 2019 to December 2021. Both study groups were part of the same population of patientswho underwent a cardiovascular surgery but differed in the fact that, at admission, some suffered from postoperative low cardiac output syndrome and others did not. The dependent variable was the presence of low cardiac output and the independent variables were clinical, hemodynamic and echocardiographic factors. Results: In the series, patients under 65 years of age prevailed in both case and control groups (51.2 % and 73.5 %, respectively). Atrial fibrillation, right ventricular systolic function and perioperative bleeding (p = 0.008) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Most patients (102 [91.10 %; p = 0.047]) showed a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) > 50 % and a large number of patients (76 [45.24 %; p ≤ 0.05; OR: 2.14]) had undergone emergency surgeries. A logistic regression analysis determined that the clinical and echocardiographic variables, such as age over 65 years, depressed rightventricular function, extracorporeal circulation ≥ 90 minutes and elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure, had astatistically significant association. The area under the curve (AUC) showed that variables including age, extracorporealcirculation time and perioperative bleeding had predictive capability. Conclusions: It was observed that some clinical and echocardiographic elements, such as age, atrial fibrillation, depressed right ventricular systolic function and emergency surgery, were associated as predictors of low cardiac output syndrome.
目的:探讨低心输出量综合征发病的临床和超声心动图预测因素。材料与方法:对2019年1月至2021年12月在古巴圣地亚哥省Saturnino Lora医院心血管中心Cardiología y Cirugía治疗的术后低心输出量综合征患者进行分析性病例对照研究。两个研究组都是同一组接受了心血管手术的患者,但不同之处在于,在入院时,一些人患有术后低心输出量综合征,而另一些人则没有。因变量为是否存在低心排血量,自变量为临床、血流动力学和超声心动图因素。结果:在该系列中,65岁以下的患者在病例组和对照组中均占多数(分别为51.2%和73.5%)。房颤、右心室收缩功能、围手术期出血(p = 0.008)有统计学意义(p <0.05)。多数患者(102例[91.10%;p = 0.047])显示左心室射血分数(LVEF) >50%和大量患者(76例[45.24%;P≤0.05;[00:2.14])接受了紧急手术。logistic回归分析确定临床和超声心动图变量,如年龄大于65岁,右心室功能下降,体外循环≥90分钟和肺动脉收缩压升高,具有统计学意义的相关性。曲线下面积(AUC)显示年龄、体外循环时间和围手术期出血等变量具有预测能力。结论:观察到一些临床和超声心动图因素,如年龄、心房颤动、右心室收缩功能下降和急诊手术,是低心输出量综合征的预测因素。
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Horizonte Médico
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