Pub Date : 2009-03-18DOI: 10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915243
A. Kouzou, S. Saadi, M. Mahmoudi, M. Boucherit
This paper deals with the improvement of the voltage quality of the AC/AC choppers delivered to the loads in a way to minimize the harmonics continents and to increase the power factor of the voltage source. Indeed a lot of works were done in this field using several algorithms to fulfill the objective mentioned. In the present work the Swarm Particle Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to achieve the minimization of the harmonic continents of the deliver voltage, to improve the power factor of the voltage source and finally to increase the control range of the outer voltage .
{"title":"Voltage quality enhancement of PWM AC Voltage controller using Particle Swarm Optimization","authors":"A. Kouzou, S. Saadi, M. Mahmoudi, M. Boucherit","doi":"10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915243","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the improvement of the voltage quality of the AC/AC choppers delivered to the loads in a way to minimize the harmonics continents and to increase the power factor of the voltage source. Indeed a lot of works were done in this field using several algorithms to fulfill the objective mentioned. In the present work the Swarm Particle Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to achieve the minimization of the harmonic continents of the deliver voltage, to improve the power factor of the voltage source and finally to increase the control range of the outer voltage .","PeriodicalId":246039,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117284815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-18DOI: 10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915233
C. Boccaletti, P. Di Felice, L. Petrucci, E. Santini
This paper describes a mathematical model to determine the equivalent circuit parameters of Axial Flux Disc Machines (AFDMs) of whatever configuration. Once fixed the dimensions of the machine (magnet width, winding lengths, axial thickness, etc.), the equivalent inductance and resistance and finally the current are calculated, for a generator operation mode. The model has been implemented in a software developed by the authors. The hypotheses at the base of the model have been verified through analyses performed with a conventional (FEM) method and the results of the simulations have been compared with experimental data, showing a satisfactory agreement. An AFDM-12 - a machine with a stator and two rotors, and one coil per pole and per phase - has been chosen for the analysis.
{"title":"A mathematical model of Axial Flux Disc Machines","authors":"C. Boccaletti, P. Di Felice, L. Petrucci, E. Santini","doi":"10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915233","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a mathematical model to determine the equivalent circuit parameters of Axial Flux Disc Machines (AFDMs) of whatever configuration. Once fixed the dimensions of the machine (magnet width, winding lengths, axial thickness, etc.), the equivalent inductance and resistance and finally the current are calculated, for a generator operation mode. The model has been implemented in a software developed by the authors. The hypotheses at the base of the model have been verified through analyses performed with a conventional (FEM) method and the results of the simulations have been compared with experimental data, showing a satisfactory agreement. An AFDM-12 - a machine with a stator and two rotors, and one coil per pole and per phase - has been chosen for the analysis.","PeriodicalId":246039,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115523681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-18DOI: 10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915178
Yonghua Cheng
Grid interaction could cause the unreliability and instability, particularly in the presence of large scale integration of RES (renewable energy sources) in the electrical power distribution networks. Therefore, the required intelligences of power electronic system are analyzed and assessed in cases of grid interaction (grid connected, islanding and re-connecting) in this paper. The concepts of power balance in the AC grid and on the DC bus are also presented. The principles of dynamic voltage restorer are implemented in the prototype of dual coupled voltage source inverters. The test results prove that the prototype system has very fast response to restore the AC voltage. In addition, the principle of dynamic power balance on the DC bus with super capacitors is also presented and verified. With the presented principles, the goal of locally balance the power difference can be achieved on the DC bus as well as in the AC grid. As a result, more renewable energy sources can reliably be integrated in the existing electrical power networks.
{"title":"Intelligent power electronic systems for the grid interaction with large scale integration of RES","authors":"Yonghua Cheng","doi":"10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915178","url":null,"abstract":"Grid interaction could cause the unreliability and instability, particularly in the presence of large scale integration of RES (renewable energy sources) in the electrical power distribution networks. Therefore, the required intelligences of power electronic system are analyzed and assessed in cases of grid interaction (grid connected, islanding and re-connecting) in this paper. The concepts of power balance in the AC grid and on the DC bus are also presented. The principles of dynamic voltage restorer are implemented in the prototype of dual coupled voltage source inverters. The test results prove that the prototype system has very fast response to restore the AC voltage. In addition, the principle of dynamic power balance on the DC bus with super capacitors is also presented and verified. With the presented principles, the goal of locally balance the power difference can be achieved on the DC bus as well as in the AC grid. As a result, more renewable energy sources can reliably be integrated in the existing electrical power networks.","PeriodicalId":246039,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121736654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-18DOI: 10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915138
J. Lopes
MicroGrid can be defined as a low voltage distribution system to which small modular generation systems are to be connected. In some sense, a MicroGrid corresponds to an association of electrical loads and small generation systems through a LV distribution network. This means that loads and sources are physically close so that a MicroGrid can correspond for instance to the network of a small urban area, to an industry or to a large shopping center. In terms of the currently available technologies, the microgeneration systems can include several types of devices as fuel cells, renewable generation as wind turbines or PV systems, microturbines (typically in the range of 25–100 kW) powered by natural gas or biofuels. Apart from a LV distribution network, microgeneration devices and electrical loads, a MicroGrid may also include storage equipment (as batteries, ultracapacitors and flywheels), network control and management systems and heat recovery systems aiming at recovering waste heat to power - CHP applications. From the conceptual point of view, a Microgrid (MG) can be regarded as an active cell within the power system that can be operated as a single aggregated load and an aggregated power source capable of delivering ancillary services supporting the network. To the customer it can be designed to meet his special needs and provide additional benefits, such as improved power quality and reliability, increased efficiency through co-generation and local voltage support. A MG can operate interconnected to the main distribution grid, or in an autonomous way, if disconnected from the main grid, in case of external faults. In this architecture the MG is controlled and managed by a MicroGrid Central Controller (MGCC) installed at the MV/LV substation. The MGCC possesses several key functions (such as load forecasting, demand side management, economic scheduling of microgenerators, voltage control, etc.) and heads the hierarchical control system. Controllers located at loads or groups of loads (LC) and controllers located at the microsources (MC) exchange information with the MGCC and control local devices. Next figure describes a microgrid with its microsources and controllable loads.
{"title":"Advanced MicroGrids as a component for active management of distribution networks","authors":"J. Lopes","doi":"10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915138","url":null,"abstract":"MicroGrid can be defined as a low voltage distribution system to which small modular generation systems are to be connected. In some sense, a MicroGrid corresponds to an association of electrical loads and small generation systems through a LV distribution network. This means that loads and sources are physically close so that a MicroGrid can correspond for instance to the network of a small urban area, to an industry or to a large shopping center. In terms of the currently available technologies, the microgeneration systems can include several types of devices as fuel cells, renewable generation as wind turbines or PV systems, microturbines (typically in the range of 25–100 kW) powered by natural gas or biofuels. Apart from a LV distribution network, microgeneration devices and electrical loads, a MicroGrid may also include storage equipment (as batteries, ultracapacitors and flywheels), network control and management systems and heat recovery systems aiming at recovering waste heat to power - CHP applications. From the conceptual point of view, a Microgrid (MG) can be regarded as an active cell within the power system that can be operated as a single aggregated load and an aggregated power source capable of delivering ancillary services supporting the network. To the customer it can be designed to meet his special needs and provide additional benefits, such as improved power quality and reliability, increased efficiency through co-generation and local voltage support. A MG can operate interconnected to the main distribution grid, or in an autonomous way, if disconnected from the main grid, in case of external faults. In this architecture the MG is controlled and managed by a MicroGrid Central Controller (MGCC) installed at the MV/LV substation. The MGCC possesses several key functions (such as load forecasting, demand side management, economic scheduling of microgenerators, voltage control, etc.) and heads the hierarchical control system. Controllers located at loads or groups of loads (LC) and controllers located at the microsources (MC) exchange information with the MGCC and control local devices. Next figure describes a microgrid with its microsources and controllable loads.","PeriodicalId":246039,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121567333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-18DOI: 10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915156
J. Orosa, E. J. García-Bustelo, J. A. Perez
Galician climate conditions present the right ambience for wind turbines power generators during winter and spring seasons even though its climate change may affect wind velocity and moist air density by reducing the energy conversion. Planet Global Heating was analyzed for Galician climate showing a rise in the average temperature in each season. In this paper twenty-four wind turbines were analyzed in a typical year to get a model that relates weather to power conversion. Once done that, the effect of the climate change was evaluated in Galician wind farms showing a 10% fall during spring and summer season. Therefore, future researches about new technologies more suitable for that work conditions like low wind turbines must be done.
{"title":"Galician climatic change effect on wind power production","authors":"J. Orosa, E. J. García-Bustelo, J. A. Perez","doi":"10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915156","url":null,"abstract":"Galician climate conditions present the right ambience for wind turbines power generators during winter and spring seasons even though its climate change may affect wind velocity and moist air density by reducing the energy conversion. Planet Global Heating was analyzed for Galician climate showing a rise in the average temperature in each season. In this paper twenty-four wind turbines were analyzed in a typical year to get a model that relates weather to power conversion. Once done that, the effect of the climate change was evaluated in Galician wind farms showing a 10% fall during spring and summer season. Therefore, future researches about new technologies more suitable for that work conditions like low wind turbines must be done.","PeriodicalId":246039,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122808226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-18DOI: 10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915180
D. Vinnikov, T. Jalakas, I. Roasto
This paper is focused on the high-voltage (≥2 kV) high-power (≥20 kW) isolated DC/DC converters for the rolling stock applications. The 3.3 kV IGBT based three-level half-bridge neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter topology was analyzed as an alternative to the two-level half-bridge with 6.5 kV IGBTs. The properties of primary switches, theirs selection procedure as well as inverter loss distribution and design challenges of both concurrent topologies were evaluated and compared.
{"title":"Analysis of implementation possibilities and benefits of three-level half-bridge NPC topology in static auxiliary converters for rolling stock","authors":"D. Vinnikov, T. Jalakas, I. Roasto","doi":"10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915180","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is focused on the high-voltage (≥2 kV) high-power (≥20 kW) isolated DC/DC converters for the rolling stock applications. The 3.3 kV IGBT based three-level half-bridge neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter topology was analyzed as an alternative to the two-level half-bridge with 6.5 kV IGBTs. The properties of primary switches, theirs selection procedure as well as inverter loss distribution and design challenges of both concurrent topologies were evaluated and compared.","PeriodicalId":246039,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124599340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-18DOI: 10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915211
C. Reis, A. Andrade, F.P. Maciel
Voltage instability is a critical problem that can lead to a total system collapse. This paper discusses some important aspects related to voltage stability indices in electrical power systems. These indices were tested in IEEE 14 and 57 busbar test systems, with satisfactory results.
{"title":"Voltage stability analysis of electrical power system","authors":"C. Reis, A. Andrade, F.P. Maciel","doi":"10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915211","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage instability is a critical problem that can lead to a total system collapse. This paper discusses some important aspects related to voltage stability indices in electrical power systems. These indices were tested in IEEE 14 and 57 busbar test systems, with satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":246039,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122242960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-18DOI: 10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915185
I. Colak, E. Kabalci, R. Bayindir, Ş. Sağiroğlu
Multilevel inverters have been important devices developed in recent years, owing to their capability to increase the voltage and power delivered to the load. Researches done based on basic inverter topologies show that, multilevel inverters have many advantages such as low power dissipation on power switches, low harmonic and low electromagnetic interference (EMI) outputs. A modified Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) modulator that reduces output harmonics is presented in this paper. The proposed modulation technique can be easily applied to any multilevel inverter topology carrying out the necessary calculations. The most common multilevel inverter topologies have been studied to define the best topology for SPWM modulation strategy. It is seen that cascaded H-bridges are the most convenient solution. The cascaded H-bridge cells have been constituted by IGBT semiconductors, and switched by the proposed 24-channel SPWM modulator to obtain 5-level output at the back-end of the 3-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). The designed H-bridge cells have a strong switching bandwidth up to 40 KHz, owing to its robustly designed modulator block. The proposed VSI in this paper also has a Total Harmonic Distortion ratio of output current (THDi) around at 0.1% without requiring any filtering circuit. The harmonic analysis of proposed design has been executed under several working conditions such as various switching frequencies and modulation indexes. The detailed comparisons have been performed to determine the best working conditions of VSI and presented in this paper.
{"title":"The design and analysis of a 5-level cascaded voltage source inverter with low THD","authors":"I. Colak, E. Kabalci, R. Bayindir, Ş. Sağiroğlu","doi":"10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915185","url":null,"abstract":"Multilevel inverters have been important devices developed in recent years, owing to their capability to increase the voltage and power delivered to the load. Researches done based on basic inverter topologies show that, multilevel inverters have many advantages such as low power dissipation on power switches, low harmonic and low electromagnetic interference (EMI) outputs. A modified Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) modulator that reduces output harmonics is presented in this paper. The proposed modulation technique can be easily applied to any multilevel inverter topology carrying out the necessary calculations. The most common multilevel inverter topologies have been studied to define the best topology for SPWM modulation strategy. It is seen that cascaded H-bridges are the most convenient solution. The cascaded H-bridge cells have been constituted by IGBT semiconductors, and switched by the proposed 24-channel SPWM modulator to obtain 5-level output at the back-end of the 3-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). The designed H-bridge cells have a strong switching bandwidth up to 40 KHz, owing to its robustly designed modulator block. The proposed VSI in this paper also has a Total Harmonic Distortion ratio of output current (THDi) around at 0.1% without requiring any filtering circuit. The harmonic analysis of proposed design has been executed under several working conditions such as various switching frequencies and modulation indexes. The detailed comparisons have been performed to determine the best working conditions of VSI and presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":246039,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130767803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-18DOI: 10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915169
O. Zirn, A. Fink
This contribution is concerned with multidrive servo control of very large rotary tables for machine tools, where flexible gears limit the achievable feedback control performance. State space control extensions, that are now available for servo axis controllers, can improve the performance significantly but increase the design and commissioning complexity. After an overview of state-of-the-art control concepts, a simplified mathematical model for efficient commissioning is derived. The design issues for successful application are discussed. The achievable performance for multidrive servo axes is elucidated by an exemplary milling machine tool rotary table.
{"title":"Multidrive control for milling rotary tables with flexible reduction stages","authors":"O. Zirn, A. Fink","doi":"10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915169","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution is concerned with multidrive servo control of very large rotary tables for machine tools, where flexible gears limit the achievable feedback control performance. State space control extensions, that are now available for servo axis controllers, can improve the performance significantly but increase the design and commissioning complexity. After an overview of state-of-the-art control concepts, a simplified mathematical model for efficient commissioning is derived. The design issues for successful application are discussed. The achievable performance for multidrive servo axes is elucidated by an exemplary milling machine tool rotary table.","PeriodicalId":246039,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130795214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-18DOI: 10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915214
R. Bayindir, I. Colak, E. Kabalci, Alper Gorgun
In this paper, a synchronous motor controlled by a PID based on a PIC 18F452 microcontroller has been studied under three different working conditions using varying excitation currents. Due to the complexity of PID parameters such as integrative and derivative terms, their conversion to digital systems has proven difficult. Hence, the collection of errors in a specified time period has been multiplied be means of a sampling period rather than complex integral algorithms. The difference between the error rate and its previous value has been divided into a sampling period to obtain the derivative operation. Therefore, a PID controlled algorithm has been embedded into a microcontroller which is easily implemented without complex algorithms. In addition, the design of this study includes an LCD based visual interface, allowing users to instantly monitor the current, the voltage and the power factor of the synchronous motor.
{"title":"PID controlled synchronous motor for power factor correction","authors":"R. Bayindir, I. Colak, E. Kabalci, Alper Gorgun","doi":"10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERENG.2009.4915214","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a synchronous motor controlled by a PID based on a PIC 18F452 microcontroller has been studied under three different working conditions using varying excitation currents. Due to the complexity of PID parameters such as integrative and derivative terms, their conversion to digital systems has proven difficult. Hence, the collection of errors in a specified time period has been multiplied be means of a sampling period rather than complex integral algorithms. The difference between the error rate and its previous value has been divided into a sampling period to obtain the derivative operation. Therefore, a PID controlled algorithm has been embedded into a microcontroller which is easily implemented without complex algorithms. In addition, the design of this study includes an LCD based visual interface, allowing users to instantly monitor the current, the voltage and the power factor of the synchronous motor.","PeriodicalId":246039,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives","volume":"121 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116618732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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