ABSTRACT Osmotic shock is clinically widely used to measure erythrocyte health. In order to analyze the fragility of erythrocytes, effects of factors such as osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and membrane tension on the swelling and shrinking processes must be examined. Hypotonic shock-induced swelling experiments were performed on erythrocytes under a non-hemolytic condition. Erythrocyte swelling was modeled using a onedimensional model in which the osmotic difference across the membrane was obtained by solving diffusion equations for the inner and outer regions of the erythrocyte membrane. The simulated timewise changes in erythrocyte volume and osmotic difference fitted well with those of the experiments when the permeability coefficient of the membrane was adjusted. In the simulation, the time to swell to a sphere was almost the same as that in the experiment, and the non-hemolytic condition was satisfied, as the membrane tension was smaller than a hemolysis inception tension. By changing the area expansion modulus of the membrane, the differences in erythrocyte diameter, after being spherical in the equilibrium state, were calculated and then compared. The diameter differences were too small to be resolved with an optical microscope. However, the estimated time differences to reach hemolysis were measurable, suggesting that mechanical characterization of the area expansion modulus of the membrane is possible.
{"title":"Analysis of erythrocyte swelling caused by osmotic shock under a non-hemolytic condition","authors":"K. Bando, R. Otomo, Yukari Shimizu, H. Tabuchi","doi":"10.3154/tvsj.40.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3154/tvsj.40.23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Osmotic shock is clinically widely used to measure erythrocyte health. In order to analyze the fragility of erythrocytes, effects of factors such as osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and membrane tension on the swelling and shrinking processes must be examined. Hypotonic shock-induced swelling experiments were performed on erythrocytes under a non-hemolytic condition. Erythrocyte swelling was modeled using a onedimensional model in which the osmotic difference across the membrane was obtained by solving diffusion equations for the inner and outer regions of the erythrocyte membrane. The simulated timewise changes in erythrocyte volume and osmotic difference fitted well with those of the experiments when the permeability coefficient of the membrane was adjusted. In the simulation, the time to swell to a sphere was almost the same as that in the experiment, and the non-hemolytic condition was satisfied, as the membrane tension was smaller than a hemolysis inception tension. By changing the area expansion modulus of the membrane, the differences in erythrocyte diameter, after being spherical in the equilibrium state, were calculated and then compared. The diameter differences were too small to be resolved with an optical microscope. However, the estimated time differences to reach hemolysis were measurable, suggesting that mechanical characterization of the area expansion modulus of the membrane is possible.","PeriodicalId":246197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Visualization Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121945216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experimental Characteristics on the Number of Spin Reversals of Semi-ellipsoidal Shaped Celts with Various Principal Curvatures -Trajectory Tracking in Moving ImagesKazumasa KIOI ABSTRACT The authors have studied on experimental characteristics for the number of spin reversals of semiellipsoidal celts with various principal curvatures. Using rods and weights, the average number of spin reversals was recorded more than five times. Using only weights, we found experimental conditions showing nine spin reversals. It may be a world record for the number of spin reversals of celt with a symmetric shape.
{"title":"Experimental Characteristics on the Number of Spin Reversals of Semi-ellipsoidal Shaped Celts with Various Principal Curvatures","authors":"K. Kioi","doi":"10.3154/tvsj.40.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3154/tvsj.40.1","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental Characteristics on the Number of Spin Reversals of Semi-ellipsoidal Shaped Celts with Various Principal Curvatures -Trajectory Tracking in Moving ImagesKazumasa KIOI ABSTRACT The authors have studied on experimental characteristics for the number of spin reversals of semiellipsoidal celts with various principal curvatures. Using rods and weights, the average number of spin reversals was recorded more than five times. Using only weights, we found experimental conditions showing nine spin reversals. It may be a world record for the number of spin reversals of celt with a symmetric shape.","PeriodicalId":246197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Visualization Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116412178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Influence of large-scale structure on the turbulent Prandtl number in a turbulent mixing layer Kotaro TAKAMURE, Yasuhiko SAKAI, Yasumasa ITO, Koji IWANO ABSTRACT We have run a Direct Numerical Simulation of a spatially developing shear mixing layer. The aim of this study is to clarify the influence of the large-scale structure on the turbulent Prandtl number PrT. As a main conclusion, PrT takes a small value (PrT ~ 0.5) in the dominant region of the large-scale structure. The budget analyses for the Reynolds stress equation and the scalar flux equation revealed that the differences between the momentum and scalar transfer are caused by terms related to pressure (i.e., pressure-strain correlation term, pressure-scalar gradient correlation term, and pressure diffusion terms). Phenomenally, the momentum in the field where a large-scale vortex coexists tends to be transported toward the countergradient direction under the influence of pressure, but the scalar is transported toward the gradient direction. As a result, it is thought that the difference in the driving force between the momentum and scalar transport causes the decrease of the PrT.
{"title":"Influence of large-scale structure on the turbulent Prandtl number in a turbulent mixing layer","authors":"K. Takamure, Y. Sakai, Yasumasa Ito, K. Iwano","doi":"10.3154/TVSJ.39.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3154/TVSJ.39.1","url":null,"abstract":"Influence of large-scale structure on the turbulent Prandtl number in a turbulent mixing layer Kotaro TAKAMURE, Yasuhiko SAKAI, Yasumasa ITO, Koji IWANO ABSTRACT We have run a Direct Numerical Simulation of a spatially developing shear mixing layer. The aim of this study is to clarify the influence of the large-scale structure on the turbulent Prandtl number PrT. As a main conclusion, PrT takes a small value (PrT ~ 0.5) in the dominant region of the large-scale structure. The budget analyses for the Reynolds stress equation and the scalar flux equation revealed that the differences between the momentum and scalar transfer are caused by terms related to pressure (i.e., pressure-strain correlation term, pressure-scalar gradient correlation term, and pressure diffusion terms). Phenomenally, the momentum in the field where a large-scale vortex coexists tends to be transported toward the countergradient direction under the influence of pressure, but the scalar is transported toward the gradient direction. As a result, it is thought that the difference in the driving force between the momentum and scalar transport causes the decrease of the PrT.","PeriodicalId":246197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Visualization Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128685392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement of skin friction distribution using oil film for industrial wind tunnels","authors":"H. Iijima, T. Uchiyama, H. Kato","doi":"10.3154/tvsj.41.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3154/tvsj.41.28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Visualization Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123530664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High spatial resolution/high SN ratio measurement of concentration by optical fiber LIF method Koji IWANO, Koji SUZUKI, Yasuhiko SAKAI and Yasumasa ITO ABSTRACT Optical fiber laser induced fluorescence (OFLIF) probe was developed for high spatial resolution and high SN ratio measurement of concentration fluctuation in liquid phase turbulent flows. The advantage of the OFLIF method is the very small path length of incident laser. The calibration curve showed high linearity up to about 30 mol/L for Rhodamine 6G solution which is about 1,000 times higher than the maximum concentration for conventional LIF method. This enables us to use the fluorescence dye with much higher concentration than conventional LIF method. The OFLIF was applied to concentration measurement in an aqueous axisymmetric turbulent jet. The result showed that the spatial resolution and SN ratio are enough to discuss the spectral shape near Bachelor scale. The measured spectra supported 1 power law predicted by Bachelor and Kraichnan.
{"title":"High spatial resolution/high SN ratio measurement of concentration by optical fiber LIF method","authors":"K. Iwano, Koji Suzuki, Y. Sakai, Yasumasa Ito","doi":"10.3154/TVSJ.39.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3154/TVSJ.39.28","url":null,"abstract":"High spatial resolution/high SN ratio measurement of concentration by optical fiber LIF method Koji IWANO, Koji SUZUKI, Yasuhiko SAKAI and Yasumasa ITO ABSTRACT Optical fiber laser induced fluorescence (OFLIF) probe was developed for high spatial resolution and high SN ratio measurement of concentration fluctuation in liquid phase turbulent flows. The advantage of the OFLIF method is the very small path length of incident laser. The calibration curve showed high linearity up to about 30 mol/L for Rhodamine 6G solution which is about 1,000 times higher than the maximum concentration for conventional LIF method. This enables us to use the fluorescence dye with much higher concentration than conventional LIF method. The OFLIF was applied to concentration measurement in an aqueous axisymmetric turbulent jet. The result showed that the spatial resolution and SN ratio are enough to discuss the spectral shape near Bachelor scale. The measured spectra supported 1 power law predicted by Bachelor and Kraichnan.","PeriodicalId":246197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Visualization Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124077345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
接触・発話を伴う対面時の呼気の可視化 石井 慶子 1), 2),大野 淑子 2), 3),及川 麻衣子 2), 3),大西 典子 2), 3) Experimental visualization of expiratory diffusion under face-to-face situation with utterance Keiko Ishii, Yoshiko Ohno, Maiko Oikawa, Noriko Onishi ABSTRACT Due to the influence of the COVID-19, great damage has occurred all over the world. Not only health and medical problems, but also the effects of the decline in quality of life and economic activity due to the suspension of social activities cannot be ignored. It is thought that the main cause of virus infection is coughing and sneezing, but in recent it has become a topic that there is a possibility of airborne infection by aerosols containing viruses scattered in the air. In the case of airborne infection, the risk of infection is considered to increase when the mucous membrane is exposed to exhaled aerosol for a long time. Therefore, in this study, we actually visualized human breath by using the smoke of electronic cigarettes as tracer particles. For 4 patterns of the human posture, exhaled breath was visualized. As a result, it was clarified that the exhaled breath is affected by the body wall temperature and rises when it stays in the boundary layer, falls when it leaves, or diffuses randomly. This finding is effective in reducing the risk of infection during face-to-face customer service, and is considered to be the first discussion of the characteristics of human exhalation affected by temperature.
{"title":"Experimental visualization of expiratory diffusion under face-to-face situation with utterance","authors":"K. Ishii, Yoshiko Ohno, Maiko Oikawa, N. Onishi","doi":"10.3154/tvsj.41.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3154/tvsj.41.21","url":null,"abstract":"接触・発話を伴う対面時の呼気の可視化 石井 慶子 1), 2),大野 淑子 2), 3),及川 麻衣子 2), 3),大西 典子 2), 3) Experimental visualization of expiratory diffusion under face-to-face situation with utterance Keiko Ishii, Yoshiko Ohno, Maiko Oikawa, Noriko Onishi ABSTRACT Due to the influence of the COVID-19, great damage has occurred all over the world. Not only health and medical problems, but also the effects of the decline in quality of life and economic activity due to the suspension of social activities cannot be ignored. It is thought that the main cause of virus infection is coughing and sneezing, but in recent it has become a topic that there is a possibility of airborne infection by aerosols containing viruses scattered in the air. In the case of airborne infection, the risk of infection is considered to increase when the mucous membrane is exposed to exhaled aerosol for a long time. Therefore, in this study, we actually visualized human breath by using the smoke of electronic cigarettes as tracer particles. For 4 patterns of the human posture, exhaled breath was visualized. As a result, it was clarified that the exhaled breath is affected by the body wall temperature and rises when it stays in the boundary layer, falls when it leaves, or diffuses randomly. This finding is effective in reducing the risk of infection during face-to-face customer service, and is considered to be the first discussion of the characteristics of human exhalation affected by temperature.","PeriodicalId":246197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Visualization Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132058358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"折紙式メガホンの試作と飛沫抑制効果の評価","authors":"Yo Ishigaki, H. Mikami","doi":"10.3154/tvsj.43.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3154/tvsj.43.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Visualization Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120833912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"振動モード計測のための時間平均パルスストロボデジタルホログラフィ干渉法","authors":"Hiroki Matsumoto, Hideki Funamizu","doi":"10.3154/tvsj.43.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3154/tvsj.43.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Visualization Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123428004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Takano, T. Okinaka, K. Takehara, H. Nakano, K. Shimonomura, Naoki Hayashi, Yoichi Mitsui, T. Etoh
A multi-framing image sensor operating at 10 ns was designed and fabricated with a silicon technology in 2017. As a part of the evaluation, the test camera is applied to capturing the flying light. Some images of light in the flight have already been reported. They were captured with special advanced imaging devices and data processing technologies. This paper presents for the first time a series of images of the flying light successfully captured by a camera simply with a single silicon image sensor. The cameras with silicon image sensors are easy to handle and convenient for the post data processing. The achievement will open a new horizon of the ultra-high-speed imaging with the silicon image sensors, which will replace the existing imaging devices for the picoto nano-second imaging.
{"title":"Flying Light Captured with a Multi-framing Image Sensor Operating at 10 ns","authors":"Y. Takano, T. Okinaka, K. Takehara, H. Nakano, K. Shimonomura, Naoki Hayashi, Yoichi Mitsui, T. Etoh","doi":"10.3154/tvsj.39.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3154/tvsj.39.35","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-framing image sensor operating at 10 ns was designed and fabricated with a silicon technology in 2017. As a part of the evaluation, the test camera is applied to capturing the flying light. Some images of light in the flight have already been reported. They were captured with special advanced imaging devices and data processing technologies. This paper presents for the first time a series of images of the flying light successfully captured by a camera simply with a single silicon image sensor. The cameras with silicon image sensors are easy to handle and convenient for the post data processing. The achievement will open a new horizon of the ultra-high-speed imaging with the silicon image sensors, which will replace the existing imaging devices for the picoto nano-second imaging.","PeriodicalId":246197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Visualization Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127130697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasunori Kunisaki, S. Murata, Yohsuke Tanaka, Tomoya Takeda
{"title":"Experimental Analysis for Internal Flow Field of Torque Converter","authors":"Yasunori Kunisaki, S. Murata, Yohsuke Tanaka, Tomoya Takeda","doi":"10.3154/TVSJ.39.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3154/TVSJ.39.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Visualization Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123376070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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