Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2024.a929070
Jamyung Choi
Abstract: How can we assess the impact of the ideology of female domesticity on women's higher education and professional opportunities? This article examines this question through the lens of Tokyo Women's Higher Normal School, Japan's first tertiary educational institution for women. Graduates of this school established for the propagation of gender ideology joined a respectable profession, that of teaching. They used this ideology to justify the upgrade of their alma mater to the rank of university. However, this ideology supported women who chose to specialize in teaching but not in other specialties such as engineering, posing an additional challenge for female aspirants in those fields who sought to enter and excel in traditionally male institutions. By looking at these challenges implied in the institutional evolution of this school, I examine the ways in which this gender ideology allowed the rise of female professionals while limiting women's life choices and professional opportunities.
{"title":"Instrumental Femininity: The Tokyo Women's Higher Normal School and the Shaping of Social and Gender Hierarchies in Modern Japan","authors":"Jamyung Choi","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2024.a929070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2024.a929070","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: How can we assess the impact of the ideology of female domesticity on women's higher education and professional opportunities? This article examines this question through the lens of Tokyo Women's Higher Normal School, Japan's first tertiary educational institution for women. Graduates of this school established for the propagation of gender ideology joined a respectable profession, that of teaching. They used this ideology to justify the upgrade of their alma mater to the rank of university. However, this ideology supported women who chose to specialize in teaching but not in other specialties such as engineering, posing an additional challenge for female aspirants in those fields who sought to enter and excel in traditionally male institutions. By looking at these challenges implied in the institutional evolution of this school, I examine the ways in which this gender ideology allowed the rise of female professionals while limiting women's life choices and professional opportunities.","PeriodicalId":247324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Women's History","volume":"54 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2024.a929069
T. J. Boisseau
Abstract: For over sixty years, American pro-suffrage women consistently viewed world's fairs as the single most important and indispensable of cultural venues for their suffrage work. Despite being actively excluded from fair administrations, their unsanctioned interventions at expositions permitted suffragists to attach women's right to the franchise to the nationalist celebrations of modernity and democracy that lay at the ideological center of every world's fair. Equally significant, with few other opportunities to travel to meet with one another, activist women used expositions as crucial sites and occasions for building their movement's national and international infrastructure. Starting with the first American world's fair in New York in 1853 and ending with the last fairs held prior to the US entry into World War I, no other cultural format provided suffragists with a bigger megaphone, more relevance and legitimacy, or more regular opportunities to coordinate their efforts than world's fairs.
{"title":"Fair Chances: World's Fairs and American Woman Suffrage","authors":"T. J. Boisseau","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2024.a929069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2024.a929069","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: For over sixty years, American pro-suffrage women consistently viewed world's fairs as the single most important and indispensable of cultural venues for their suffrage work. Despite being actively excluded from fair administrations, their unsanctioned interventions at expositions permitted suffragists to attach women's right to the franchise to the nationalist celebrations of modernity and democracy that lay at the ideological center of every world's fair. Equally significant, with few other opportunities to travel to meet with one another, activist women used expositions as crucial sites and occasions for building their movement's national and international infrastructure. Starting with the first American world's fair in New York in 1853 and ending with the last fairs held prior to the US entry into World War I, no other cultural format provided suffragists with a bigger megaphone, more relevance and legitimacy, or more regular opportunities to coordinate their efforts than world's fairs.","PeriodicalId":247324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Women's History","volume":"59 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141274798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2024.a929067
Lindsay Starkey
Abstract: This article reconstructs the lives of Agnes the Bathkeeper and Anna of Mindelheim, who exemplified how women become witches and how witches do magic in the demonological treatise, The Hammer of Witches (1486). It does so based both on this demonological treatise and archival documents, reading them "against the bias grain" in an effort to bring Agnes and Anna some epistemic justice. In addition to urging us to view Agnes and Anna in their full humanity rather than exclusively as heretical criminals or victims as this treatise's authors and modern scholars have done, this article provides a case study of the relationship between gender, magic, and witchcraft in a time period when magic had recently been associated with women. It also offers an example of how historians can use fragmentary evidence to reconstruct aspects of the past, keeping women such as Agnes and Anna from historical erasure.
{"title":"Agnes the Bathkeeper and Anna of Mindelheim: Rehumanizing Women from The Hammer of Witches","authors":"Lindsay Starkey","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2024.a929067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2024.a929067","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article reconstructs the lives of Agnes the Bathkeeper and Anna of Mindelheim, who exemplified how women become witches and how witches do magic in the demonological treatise, The Hammer of Witches (1486). It does so based both on this demonological treatise and archival documents, reading them \"against the bias grain\" in an effort to bring Agnes and Anna some epistemic justice. In addition to urging us to view Agnes and Anna in their full humanity rather than exclusively as heretical criminals or victims as this treatise's authors and modern scholars have done, this article provides a case study of the relationship between gender, magic, and witchcraft in a time period when magic had recently been associated with women. It also offers an example of how historians can use fragmentary evidence to reconstruct aspects of the past, keeping women such as Agnes and Anna from historical erasure.","PeriodicalId":247324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Women's History","volume":"29 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2024.a929072
{"title":"New Histories of Global Feminism","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2024.a929072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2024.a929072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":247324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Women's History","volume":"68 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2024.a929065
S. Holguin, Jennifer J. Davis
{"title":"Editorial Note: Lives Diminished and Lives Unbounded","authors":"S. Holguin, Jennifer J. Davis","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2024.a929065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2024.a929065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":247324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Women's History","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2024.a929071
Kelsey Rice
Abstract: In 1901 the Empress Alexandra Russian Muslim Boarding School for Girls, better known as Taghiyev's Girls' School for the industrialist who founded it, opened in Baku to celebration in the press and to protests in the street. Its opening initiated a period of expanded educational opportunities for Muslim girls in the southern Caucasus and increased the visibility and social and political influence of Muslim women teachers. This article investigates how girls' schools marked a transformation in Muslim women's sociality in the southern Caucasus. Heterosocialization characterized this transformation, enabling women's participation in public life through venues such as the theater, the press, and voluntary associations. These late imperial transformations and the women who led them would play an important role in shaping early Soviet Azerbaijan.
{"title":"Muslim Women and Educational Reform in the Early-Twentieth-Century Southern Caucasus: Urbanization and Heterosocialization at the Dawn of Revolution","authors":"Kelsey Rice","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2024.a929071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2024.a929071","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In 1901 the Empress Alexandra Russian Muslim Boarding School for Girls, better known as Taghiyev's Girls' School for the industrialist who founded it, opened in Baku to celebration in the press and to protests in the street. Its opening initiated a period of expanded educational opportunities for Muslim girls in the southern Caucasus and increased the visibility and social and political influence of Muslim women teachers. This article investigates how girls' schools marked a transformation in Muslim women's sociality in the southern Caucasus. Heterosocialization characterized this transformation, enabling women's participation in public life through venues such as the theater, the press, and voluntary associations. These late imperial transformations and the women who led them would play an important role in shaping early Soviet Azerbaijan.","PeriodicalId":247324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Women's History","volume":"27 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141274460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2024.a929066
J. Haemers
Abstract: This contribution shows that women played influential roles in medieval warfare not as soldiers on the battlefield but as key figures in communication networks. Two crucial aspects in times of military crisis are gathering information about the enemy and communication between allies. Existing historiography of medieval espionage usually attributes such tasks to men. This article demonstrates, however, that cities systematically used the services of women carrying letters around the front lines and gathering intelligence services about the enemy army. The case study of this article is the war the Flemish cities waged against Emperor Frederick III and his son Maximilian of Austria in 1488–1489, a conflict in which dozens of women as spies and messengers tried to influence the course of the war.
{"title":"Women and War: Female Spies and Messengers in the Late-Medieval Low Countries","authors":"J. Haemers","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2024.a929066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2024.a929066","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This contribution shows that women played influential roles in medieval warfare not as soldiers on the battlefield but as key figures in communication networks. Two crucial aspects in times of military crisis are gathering information about the enemy and communication between allies. Existing historiography of medieval espionage usually attributes such tasks to men. This article demonstrates, however, that cities systematically used the services of women carrying letters around the front lines and gathering intelligence services about the enemy army. The case study of this article is the war the Flemish cities waged against Emperor Frederick III and his son Maximilian of Austria in 1488–1489, a conflict in which dozens of women as spies and messengers tried to influence the course of the war.","PeriodicalId":247324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Women's History","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2024.a929068
Andrew Israel Ross
Abstract: During the 1870s, Josephine Butler brought her campaign against the Contagious Diseases Acts to Paris, the birthplace of regulated prostitution. While in Paris, Butler and her allies refined their arguments against regulated prostitution using the Paris morals police as their primary example. As they did so, these activists came to increasingly radical conclusions about the danger of police power more generally. However, the French context not only pushed Butler toward greater skepticism regarding the police but also to an increasingly racialized understanding of that danger. In order to play to French natalist fears, Butler argued that reducing police power over female prostitutes was necessary to preserve European racial health.
{"title":"Josephine Butler in Paris: Sex and Race in the Early Campaign to Abolish Regulated Prostitution, 1870–1880","authors":"Andrew Israel Ross","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2024.a929068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2024.a929068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: During the 1870s, Josephine Butler brought her campaign against the Contagious Diseases Acts to Paris, the birthplace of regulated prostitution. While in Paris, Butler and her allies refined their arguments against regulated prostitution using the Paris morals police as their primary example. As they did so, these activists came to increasingly radical conclusions about the danger of police power more generally. However, the French context not only pushed Butler toward greater skepticism regarding the police but also to an increasingly racialized understanding of that danger. In order to play to French natalist fears, Butler argued that reducing police power over female prostitutes was necessary to preserve European racial health.","PeriodicalId":247324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Women's History","volume":"33 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141274158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2024.a929073
{"title":"Engendering the Left : Anarchism in Settler Colonial Territories","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2024.a929073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2024.a929073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":247324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Women's History","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2024.a920132
María Martín Gómez, Frances Luttikhuizen
Abstract: In 1559 two Protestant communities were discovered in Spain. A striking number of women—ordinary citizens, noblewomen, nuns—lived in those communities. Several played preeminent roles as teachers, preceptors, and feminist leaders who fought to defend their religious freedom and rights. This article aims to remove their names from oblivion, to describe the decisive role they played in Protestant circles in sixteenth-century Spain, and to analyze their philosophical and theological thinking.
{"title":"The Struggle for Equality and Religious Tolerance: Women's Presence and Leadership in Protestant Circles in Sixteenth-Century Spain","authors":"María Martín Gómez, Frances Luttikhuizen","doi":"10.1353/jowh.2024.a920132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2024.a920132","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In 1559 two Protestant communities were discovered in Spain. A striking number of women—ordinary citizens, noblewomen, nuns—lived in those communities. Several played preeminent roles as teachers, preceptors, and feminist leaders who fought to defend their religious freedom and rights. This article aims to remove their names from oblivion, to describe the decisive role they played in Protestant circles in sixteenth-century Spain, and to analyze their philosophical and theological thinking.","PeriodicalId":247324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Women's History","volume":" October","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140092756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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