Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.36803/2621-7678.07(2).01
L. Nurhasanah, Erna Setiawati, Rahmi Isma Ap
Introduction: Restrictive pulmonary disorder is reducing VO2 max values. It can be caused by lung can’t take oxygen from outside air freely. Pulmonary rehabilitation is known to increase the VO2 max. One of the pulmonary rehabilitation is deep breathing exercise. In this study aimed to know the improvementVO2 max after deep breathing exercise.Methods: This was an experimental without control pre and post-experimental study. The Six Minutes Walking Test (6MWT) was measured in patients with restrictive pulmonary disorder, after deep breathing exercise two times a day, for four weeks in May 2018.Results: Fifteen subjects were recruited, with the mean age was 70,76 ± 5,33 years old, 6MWT was 375,13 ± 44,19 m and VO2 Max 31,61±0,86 ml/kg/minute. After four weeks intervention, 6MWT value was 401±44,57 m (p=0.000) and VO2 Max score was 32,11±0,87 ml/kg/minute (p=0.000).Conclusion: Four weeks of deep breathing exercise can improve the VO2 max in restrictive lung disorder.Keywords: Deep breathing exercise, Restrictive pulmonary disorder, VO2 max.
限制性肺疾病是降低VO2 max值。它可能是由肺部不能自由地从外界空气中吸收氧气引起的。众所周知，肺部康复可以增加最大摄氧量。肺部康复的一种方法是深呼吸练习。本研究旨在了解深呼吸运动后vo2 max的改善情况。方法:采用无对照实验法进行实验前后研究。6分钟步行测试(6MWT)于2018年5月在限制性肺疾病患者中进行，每天进行两次深呼吸运动，持续四周。结果:共纳入15例受试者，平均年龄为70、76±5、33岁，6MWT分别为375、13±44、19 m, VO2 Max分别为31、61±0.86 ml/kg/min。干预4周后，6MWT值为401±44,57 m (p=0.000)， VO2 Max评分为32,11±0,87 ml/kg/min (p=0.000)。结论:4周深呼吸运动可改善限制性肺疾病患者的最大摄氧量。关键词:深呼吸运动，限制性肺功能障碍，最大摄氧量
{"title":"Improvement of VO2 max in Patient with Restrictive Pulmonary Disorder after Deep Breathing Exercise","authors":"L. Nurhasanah, Erna Setiawati, Rahmi Isma Ap","doi":"10.36803/2621-7678.07(2).01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36803/2621-7678.07(2).01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Restrictive pulmonary disorder is reducing VO2 max values. It can be caused by lung can’t take oxygen from outside air freely. Pulmonary rehabilitation is known to increase the VO2 max. One of the pulmonary rehabilitation is deep breathing exercise. In this study aimed to know the improvementVO2 max after deep breathing exercise.Methods: This was an experimental without control pre and post-experimental study. The Six Minutes Walking Test (6MWT) was measured in patients with restrictive pulmonary disorder, after deep breathing exercise two times a day, for four weeks in May 2018.Results: Fifteen subjects were recruited, with the mean age was 70,76 ± 5,33 years old, 6MWT was 375,13 ± 44,19 m and VO2 Max 31,61±0,86 ml/kg/minute. After four weeks intervention, 6MWT value was 401±44,57 m (p=0.000) and VO2 Max score was 32,11±0,87 ml/kg/minute (p=0.000).Conclusion: Four weeks of deep breathing exercise can improve the VO2 max in restrictive lung disorder.Keywords: Deep breathing exercise, Restrictive pulmonary disorder, VO2 max.","PeriodicalId":247519,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116063743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.278
Erna Setiawati
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Kinesiotaping (KT) is one of current method that being used for hands problems in cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of kinesiotaping at wrist combined with hand motor exercise in fine motor skill for children with cerebral palsy.Methods: The design was simple randomized controlled study pre and post intervention. There were 18 children who divided into kinesiotaping and control group. Subjects in the KT group received hand motor exercise and wrist kinesiotaping. Subjects in control group received only hand motor exercise.Both groups received the exercise for 4 weeks. There were difference in the MACS score which is used to measure fine motor skills in this study. Pre and posttest scores were collected before applying kinesiotaping and after 4 weeks of intervention.Results: Both groups showed an increase in MACS score after 4 weeks intervention. For MACS score, there was statistically significant difference in KT group (p = 0.025), but not statistically significant in control group (p = 0.083).Conclusion: Wrist kinesiotaping can be used for adjunct therapy combined with conventional hand motor exercise for improving manual ability in the hand and fin e motor skill in cerebral palsy.Keywords: Cerebral palsy, fine motor skill, wrist kinesiotaping.
{"title":"The Effect of Wrist Kinesiotaping on Hand Motor Exercise in Fine Motor Skill for Children with Cerebral Palsy","authors":"Erna Setiawati","doi":"10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.278","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIntroduction: Kinesiotaping (KT) is one of current method that being used for hands problems in cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of kinesiotaping at wrist combined with hand motor exercise in fine motor skill for children with cerebral palsy.Methods: The design was simple randomized controlled study pre and post intervention. There were 18 children who divided into kinesiotaping and control group. Subjects in the KT group received hand motor exercise and wrist kinesiotaping. Subjects in control group received only hand motor exercise.Both groups received the exercise for 4 weeks. There were difference in the MACS score which is used to measure fine motor skills in this study. Pre and posttest scores were collected before applying kinesiotaping and after 4 weeks of intervention.Results: Both groups showed an increase in MACS score after 4 weeks intervention. For MACS score, there was statistically significant difference in KT group (p = 0.025), but not statistically significant in control group (p = 0.083).Conclusion: Wrist kinesiotaping can be used for adjunct therapy combined with conventional hand motor exercise for improving manual ability in the hand and fin e motor skill in cerebral palsy.Keywords: Cerebral palsy, fine motor skill, wrist kinesiotaping.","PeriodicalId":247519,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124858985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.283
Adelia Safira, Yenni Limyati, Grace Puspasari
ABSTRACTDuring the outbreak of Covid-19, the policy of working from home for employees and studying from home for students create a new problem. Employees and students mostly have to sit for long periods of time. This can affect body posture leading to lower back pain. Scoliosis is a postural disorder consistingof lateral curvature and rotation of the vertebrae. The etiology of idiopathic scoliosis remains unknown, and still present as theoretical hypothesis’s experts. One of non-surgical treatment that has been used for mild to moderate scoliosis is flexibility exercises. Flexibility exercises have been reported to reducethe degree of curvature in idiopathic scoliosis through the muscle hypertrophy mechanism. Muscle hypetrophy is regulated by Yes-associated protein (Yap) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZbinding motif protein (Taz) through three pathways, such as Hippo pathway signal, mechanosensorresponse, and mTOR signaling. The aim of this review is to examine more deeply the effect of Yap Taz protein on flexibility exercises in idiopathic scoliosis patien ts.Keywords: flexibility, hypertrophy, scoliosis, Taz, Yap.
【摘要】新冠肺炎疫情期间，员工在家办公、学生在家学习的政策产生了新的问题。员工和学生大多要坐很长时间。这会影响身体姿势，导致腰痛。脊柱侧弯是一种由椎骨侧弯和旋转组成的体位性疾病。特发性脊柱侧凸的病因尚不清楚，专家们仍以理论假说的形式提出。一种非手术治疗已用于轻度至中度脊柱侧凸是柔韧性锻炼。据报道，柔韧性锻炼可以通过肌肉肥大机制降低特发性脊柱侧凸的弯曲程度。肌肉肥大受Yes-associated protein (Yap)和与PDZbinding motif protein (Taz)结合的转录共激活因子(transcriptional co-activator with PDZbinding motif protein, Taz)通过Hippo通路信号、mechanosensorresponse和mTOR信号三个通路调控。本综述的目的是更深入地探讨Yap Taz蛋白对特发性脊柱侧凸患者柔韧性锻炼的影响。关键词:柔韧性，肥大，脊柱侧凸，Taz, Yap。
{"title":"The Effect of Yap Taz on Flexibility Exercise in Patient With Idiopathic Scoliosis","authors":"Adelia Safira, Yenni Limyati, Grace Puspasari","doi":"10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.283","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTDuring the outbreak of Covid-19, the policy of working from home for employees and studying from home for students create a new problem. Employees and students mostly have to sit for long periods of time. This can affect body posture leading to lower back pain. Scoliosis is a postural disorder consistingof lateral curvature and rotation of the vertebrae. The etiology of idiopathic scoliosis remains unknown, and still present as theoretical hypothesis’s experts. One of non-surgical treatment that has been used for mild to moderate scoliosis is flexibility exercises. Flexibility exercises have been reported to reducethe degree of curvature in idiopathic scoliosis through the muscle hypertrophy mechanism. Muscle hypetrophy is regulated by Yes-associated protein (Yap) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZbinding motif protein (Taz) through three pathways, such as Hippo pathway signal, mechanosensorresponse, and mTOR signaling. The aim of this review is to examine more deeply the effect of Yap Taz protein on flexibility exercises in idiopathic scoliosis patien ts.Keywords: flexibility, hypertrophy, scoliosis, Taz, Yap.","PeriodicalId":247519,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126340585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.282
Nunung Nugroho, Albert Setiawan
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease. Based on the clinical manifestation, it is divided into spinal form and bulbar form. Bulbar form ALS is divided into two, progressive bulbar and isolated bulbar ALS (IBALS). Patients are diagnosed with IBALS whensymptoms are isolated in the bulbar region for at least six months. The prevalence of IBALS represents only 4% of the neuron disease.Objective: To provide the diagnostic approach of IBALS case based on the clinical signs and symptoms, physical examination, laboratory and radiology findings, electromyography, and fiber optic laryngoscopy examination.Case: A 64-year-old woman presented with slurred speech, the symptoms appeared 2 years ago. Within the last 6 months, the symptoms deteriorated, the patient was unable to speak, and had major difficulty in swallowing food and drinks. The functional status impairment was limited in the bulbar region.Laboratory and radiology findings did not lead to any certain disease. Electromyography and fiber optic laryngoscopy results suggesting a motor neuron disease.Conclusion: It is important to diagnose ALS patients to determine the treatment, progressivity, and prognosis of the disease.Keywords: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, bulbar form, diagnosis
{"title":"Diagnostic Approach in Isolated Bulbar Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report","authors":"Nunung Nugroho, Albert Setiawan","doi":"10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.282","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIntroduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease. Based on the clinical manifestation, it is divided into spinal form and bulbar form. Bulbar form ALS is divided into two, progressive bulbar and isolated bulbar ALS (IBALS). Patients are diagnosed with IBALS whensymptoms are isolated in the bulbar region for at least six months. The prevalence of IBALS represents only 4% of the neuron disease.Objective: To provide the diagnostic approach of IBALS case based on the clinical signs and symptoms, physical examination, laboratory and radiology findings, electromyography, and fiber optic laryngoscopy examination.Case: A 64-year-old woman presented with slurred speech, the symptoms appeared 2 years ago. Within the last 6 months, the symptoms deteriorated, the patient was unable to speak, and had major difficulty in swallowing food and drinks. The functional status impairment was limited in the bulbar region.Laboratory and radiology findings did not lead to any certain disease. Electromyography and fiber optic laryngoscopy results suggesting a motor neuron disease.Conclusion: It is important to diagnose ALS patients to determine the treatment, progressivity, and prognosis of the disease.Keywords: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, bulbar form, diagnosis","PeriodicalId":247519,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123454508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism abnormality marked by increase or decrease of lipid fraction in the plasma. Statin or 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor is an important dyslipidemia medication that may induce apoptosis of the skeletal muscle.Decrease of Bcl-2 and Bax ratio causing caspase-9 activation followed by caspase-3 activation occur in apoptosis. Moderate intensity physical exercise (MIPE) decreases DNA fragmentation, increases Bcl-2 protein level and decreases Bax transcript level.Methods: Thirty healthy BALB/C strain Mus musculus divided into 3 groups: first intervention group with statin only treatment (S), second intervention group with statin treatment plus MIPE using motorized treadmill (ST), and control (C) group with no statin and nor exercise. The duration of treatmentwas 28 days. Statin treatment dose was 2.06mg/kg bodyweight. Measurement caspase-3 was done by immunohistochemistry evaluation and the expression of capase-3 was calculated by cells count which expressing caspase-3.Results: There were more muscle cells expressing caspase-3 in the S group (47.00±12.92cells) than the C group (2.70±1.94 cells); p=0.000, the ST group (21.44±10.13 cells) than the C group (p=0.001), as well as S group and the ST group (p=0.000).Conclusion: Moderate intensity physical exercise can decrease caspase-3 expression in statin treated subject.Keywords: apoptosis, caspase-3, dyslipidemia, moderate intensity physical exercise, statin.
{"title":"Moderate Intensity Physical Exercise Decreases Gastrocnemius Caspase-3 Expression on Mus musculus with Statin Treatment","authors":"Junita Jeanne Paliman, Ratna Darjanti Haryadi, Rwahita Satyawati Darmanta, Willy Sandhika, Martha Kurnia Kusumawardani","doi":"10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.281","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism abnormality marked by increase or decrease of lipid fraction in the plasma. Statin or 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor is an important dyslipidemia medication that may induce apoptosis of the skeletal muscle.Decrease of Bcl-2 and Bax ratio causing caspase-9 activation followed by caspase-3 activation occur in apoptosis. Moderate intensity physical exercise (MIPE) decreases DNA fragmentation, increases Bcl-2 protein level and decreases Bax transcript level.Methods: Thirty healthy BALB/C strain Mus musculus divided into 3 groups: first intervention group with statin only treatment (S), second intervention group with statin treatment plus MIPE using motorized treadmill (ST), and control (C) group with no statin and nor exercise. The duration of treatmentwas 28 days. Statin treatment dose was 2.06mg/kg bodyweight. Measurement caspase-3 was done by immunohistochemistry evaluation and the expression of capase-3 was calculated by cells count which expressing caspase-3.Results: There were more muscle cells expressing caspase-3 in the S group (47.00±12.92cells) than the C group (2.70±1.94 cells); p=0.000, the ST group (21.44±10.13 cells) than the C group (p=0.001), as well as S group and the ST group (p=0.000).Conclusion: Moderate intensity physical exercise can decrease caspase-3 expression in statin treated subject.Keywords: apoptosis, caspase-3, dyslipidemia, moderate intensity physical exercise, statin.","PeriodicalId":247519,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130439247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.280
Vitriana Biben
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Shoulder pain is a common issue among basketball players and it can decrease their range of motion (ROM) and overall upper limb functional ability. Kinesiotaping modulates pain mechanoreceptors on the skin and thus can reduce pain and impro ve shoulder ROM.Methods: This study aims to evaluate the effects of KT application on the severity of pain, shoulder mobilization, and functional ability of the upper limb in leisure basketball players. Quantitative quasiexperimental method with intervention design in 32 basketball leisure athletes was used. Pain was assessed by using the 100mm Numeric Rating Scale instrument, shoulder flexion and abduction were measured using a goniometer and the Shoulder Pain & Disability Index (SPADI) instrument was used to assess upper limb functional ability.Results: There was a significant decrease in shoulder pain (4.78±0.79 to 2.90±1.42 on day 5, p= 0.05), and an increase in flexion and abduction (on day 5, p=0.05 for flexion and p=0.05 for abduction). There was also a significant increase (p =0.05) in upper limb functional ability after the intervention.Conclusion: KT application shows benefits in decreasing shoulder pain and increasing shoulder mobilization and functional ability of upper limb during first 3rd day until 5th day application.Keywords: functional abilities, kinesiotaping, mobilization, pain, should er joint
{"title":"Kinesiotaping Effects on Shoulder Pain, Mobilization and Functional Capacity in Leisure Basketball Athlete","authors":"Vitriana Biben","doi":"10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.280","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIntroduction: Shoulder pain is a common issue among basketball players and it can decrease their range of motion (ROM) and overall upper limb functional ability. Kinesiotaping modulates pain mechanoreceptors on the skin and thus can reduce pain and impro ve shoulder ROM.Methods: This study aims to evaluate the effects of KT application on the severity of pain, shoulder mobilization, and functional ability of the upper limb in leisure basketball players. Quantitative quasiexperimental method with intervention design in 32 basketball leisure athletes was used. Pain was assessed by using the 100mm Numeric Rating Scale instrument, shoulder flexion and abduction were measured using a goniometer and the Shoulder Pain & Disability Index (SPADI) instrument was used to assess upper limb functional ability.Results: There was a significant decrease in shoulder pain (4.78±0.79 to 2.90±1.42 on day 5, p= 0.05), and an increase in flexion and abduction (on day 5, p=0.05 for flexion and p=0.05 for abduction). There was also a significant increase (p =0.05) in upper limb functional ability after the intervention.Conclusion: KT application shows benefits in decreasing shoulder pain and increasing shoulder mobilization and functional ability of upper limb during first 3rd day until 5th day application.Keywords: functional abilities, kinesiotaping, mobilization, pain, should er joint","PeriodicalId":247519,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121222196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.279
Arnengsih Nazir
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a disease with atherosclerotic process in blood vessels which results in impairment of blood flow to the lower limbs. The prevalence escalates with advancing age and resulting in typical symptoms of intermittent claudication, ischemic pain at rest, non-healingwound, and atypical symptoms associated with PAD. These symptoms can lead to impaired walking, activity restrictions, and low quality of life. Regular exercise has been known as an effective intervention to reduce symptoms and improve exercise performance.Methods: Literature published from 2011-2021 was searched using the PubMed and Google Scholar as the search engine. The keywords used were exercise, physiological effect, recommendation, peripheral artery disease, and intermittent claudication.Results: Forty-four literature matched with the topic and 1 1 were used to explain sub-topics.Conclusion: The physiological effects of regular exercise include increased of oxygen extraction from blood vessels and muscle enzyme activity, as well as decreased of inflammatory mediators associated with endothelial damage. The recommended form of exercise for PAD is walking both under supervisionand without supervision at home and community. Prescription of aerobic exercise vary based on intensity targeted. Another forms of exercise recommended for PAD patients are resistance and flexibility exercises.Keywords: exercise, peripheral artery disease, physiological ef fects, supervised-exercise.
{"title":"Physiological Effects and Prescription of Exercise in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease","authors":"Arnengsih Nazir","doi":"10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36803/ijpmr.v10i1.279","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIntroduction: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a disease with atherosclerotic process in blood vessels which results in impairment of blood flow to the lower limbs. The prevalence escalates with advancing age and resulting in typical symptoms of intermittent claudication, ischemic pain at rest, non-healingwound, and atypical symptoms associated with PAD. These symptoms can lead to impaired walking, activity restrictions, and low quality of life. Regular exercise has been known as an effective intervention to reduce symptoms and improve exercise performance.Methods: Literature published from 2011-2021 was searched using the PubMed and Google Scholar as the search engine. The keywords used were exercise, physiological effect, recommendation, peripheral artery disease, and intermittent claudication.Results: Forty-four literature matched with the topic and 1 1 were used to explain sub-topics.Conclusion: The physiological effects of regular exercise include increased of oxygen extraction from blood vessels and muscle enzyme activity, as well as decreased of inflammatory mediators associated with endothelial damage. The recommended form of exercise for PAD is walking both under supervisionand without supervision at home and community. Prescription of aerobic exercise vary based on intensity targeted. Another forms of exercise recommended for PAD patients are resistance and flexibility exercises.Keywords: exercise, peripheral artery disease, physiological ef fects, supervised-exercise.","PeriodicalId":247519,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125656239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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