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Migrants, Smugglers, Traders and Treacherous Rivers: A Genealogy of the Bihar-Nepal Border from Treaty of Sugauli to c. 1947 移民,走私者,商人和危险的河流:从苏高利条约到大约1947年的比哈尔邦-尼泊尔边界谱系
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.36931/jma.2018.1.1.3-20
Mithilesh Kumar
In September 1903, an attempt was made to rob a runner for the postal services between British India and the Nepal Durbar. He had started his journey from Raxaul in Champaran, Bihar, into Nepalese territory. When the robbers attacked him he resisted and, through the timely intervention by some villagers, the robbery bid was foiled. The next day traders in Kathmandu received the two parcels the runner was carrying, which were insured for the sum of Rs 2,000 and Rs 1,800. The report received by the postal authorities mentioned that these packets contained nothing but waste paper. This was a peculiar situation: why insure packets of waste paper for relatively large sums of money? The postal authorities traced the sender of the parcels: a man named Sherbahadur. In the inquiry it was found that the attack on the runner was planned and executed by Sherbahadur with the help of his two servants. The idea was to later claim the insurance money from the postal authorities. It was an ingenious plan devised to take advantage of the ease with which the border between Bihar and Nepal could be crossed but also the fact that it was indeed an international border with distinct administrative and political structures on either side of the border. The border between Bihar and Nepal created asymmetry in the structures of administrative, juridical and police powers which allowed Sherbahadur to devise a strategy that used the administrative processes of the colonial government to his advantage. Although the strategy is based on a two-pronged manoeuvre that rests on the governmental processes of the colonial power, it can be realised only through violence. This is the leitmotif of the evolution of Bihar–Nepal border where the lines are constantly challenged through violence, capricious flows of rivers, and political subjects who simply refuse to give up their autonomy in the face of the border making and policing processes of state power.
1903年9月,有人企图抢劫英属印度和尼泊尔杜巴之间的邮差。他从比哈尔邦昌帕兰的拉索尔开始了他进入尼泊尔领土的旅程。当劫匪袭击他时,他进行了抵抗,通过一些村民的及时干预,抢劫企图被挫败了。第二天,加德满都的商人收到了跑步者携带的两个包裹,分别投保了2000卢比和1800卢比。邮政当局收到的报告提到,这些包裹里除了废纸什么都没有。这是一种奇怪的情况:为什么要为几包废纸投保数额相对较大的保险呢?邮政当局追查到包裹的寄件人:一个名叫Sherbahadur的人。在调查中发现,对跑步者的袭击是Sherbahadur在他的两个仆人的帮助下计划和执行的。他们的想法是稍后向邮政当局索取保险金。这是一个巧妙的计划,既利用了比哈尔邦和尼泊尔之间的边界可以轻松跨越的优势,也利用了这确实是一条国际边界,边界两侧都有不同的行政和政治结构这一事实。比哈尔邦和尼泊尔之间的边界造成了行政、司法和警察权力结构的不对称,这使得Sherbahadur能够制定一项战略,利用殖民政府的行政程序为自己的利益服务。虽然这一战略是以殖民国家的政府程序为基础的双管齐下的策略为基础的,但它只能通过暴力来实现。这是比哈尔邦-尼泊尔边界演变的主题,在那里,边界不断受到暴力、河流反复无常的挑战,政治主体在面对国家权力的边界制定和警务过程时拒绝放弃自治权。
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引用次数: 0
The Interrupted Becoming of a City : Patna in the Census of India, 1901-31 城市的中断演变:1901- 1931年印度人口普查中的巴特那
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.36931/jma.2018.1.1.87-110
I. Mitra
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Migration Affairs
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