Beyond its role in capital generation, a stock market is emulated as a facet in economic development indication. Sri Lankan stock market, the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) is a languidly developing market known for instability and periodical fluctuations increasing the volatility risk for the investors. Toward market development, it is imperative in attracting and retaining long term investors. Thus, the study aimed to identify the dynamics of the CSE through volatility estimation of the Sri Lankan stock market during a high volatile period. Further, the use of ARMA-GARCH models aims to contribute to the local empirical studies on the applicability of ARMA-GARCH models in the Sri Lankan context. The study used the daily closing prices of the All-Share-Price Index (ASPI) from January 2018 to December 2022 in log return volatility. Owing to the non-normality and serial dependence conditions inherent in the data, the study developed an ARMA (2,2) mean equation and separate volatility equation applying symmetric models of GARCH, and TGARCH and asymmetric GARCH models of EGARCH, and GJR-GARCH. The study findings identified that asymmetric GARCH models are more reliable in volatility estimation and forecasting. Further, ASPI indicated a leverage effect where negative information caused idiosyncratic volatility. Keywords: ARMA-GARCH, GARCH, Leverage Effect, Stock Markets, Volatility
{"title":"SRI LANKAN STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY ANALYSIS: AN ARMA- GARCH APPROACH","authors":"Samarawickrama I.D.W., Pallegedara A.","doi":"10.31357/sljbe.v12.6442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/sljbe.v12.6442","url":null,"abstract":"Beyond its role in capital generation, a stock market is emulated as a facet in economic development indication. Sri Lankan stock market, the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) is a languidly developing market known for instability and periodical fluctuations increasing the volatility risk for the investors. Toward market development, it is imperative in attracting and retaining long term investors. Thus, the study aimed to identify the dynamics of the CSE through volatility estimation of the Sri Lankan stock market during a high volatile period. Further, the use of ARMA-GARCH models aims to contribute to the local empirical studies on the applicability of ARMA-GARCH models in the Sri Lankan context. \u0000The study used the daily closing prices of the All-Share-Price Index (ASPI) from January 2018 to December 2022 in log return volatility. Owing to the non-normality and serial dependence conditions inherent in the data, the study developed an ARMA (2,2) mean equation and separate volatility equation applying symmetric models of GARCH, and TGARCH and asymmetric GARCH models of EGARCH, and GJR-GARCH. \u0000The study findings identified that asymmetric GARCH models are more reliable in volatility estimation and forecasting. Further, ASPI indicated a leverage effect where negative information caused idiosyncratic volatility. \u0000Keywords: ARMA-GARCH, GARCH, Leverage Effect, Stock Markets, Volatility \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":248705,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Business Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129519993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Employment plays a vital role in any economy. The employment rate of the persons with disabilities is significantly low when compared to non-disabled individuals. Disability is defined as the existence of physical and attitudinal barriers created by the society that hinder people with disabilities from fully participating in their day-today life according to the interactive model. Sri Lankans with disabilities have suffered high rates of unemployment due to organizational ill practices towards them while state’s current legal context, and the administrative policies are playing a crucial role in the prolonged and substantial difference in employment rates between persons with disabilities and their non-disabled counterparts. Hence, this qualitative study which is purely based on desk review methodology explores the legal and policy barriers for employment of Sri Lankans with disabilities covering barriers affecting the organizational practices relating to the human resources practices and workplace accommodations. It is recommended that the laws and policies must be revised and reviewed with a thorough understanding of the inclusion of disabilities regarding employment of persons with disabilities and arranging reasonable accommodation for them. Keywords: Employment, Legal and Policy Barriers, Organizational Practices, Sri Lankans with Disabilities
{"title":"IMPACT OF LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK GOVERNING ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICES ON EMPLOYMENT OF SRI LANKANS WITH DISABILITIES","authors":"Chandratilaka M.A.N.","doi":"10.31357/sljbe.v12.6444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/sljbe.v12.6444","url":null,"abstract":"Employment plays a vital role in any economy. The employment rate of the persons with disabilities is significantly low when compared to non-disabled individuals. Disability is defined as the existence of physical and attitudinal barriers created by the society that hinder people with disabilities from fully participating in their day-today life according to the interactive model. Sri Lankans with disabilities have suffered high rates of unemployment due to organizational ill practices towards them while state’s current legal context, and the administrative policies are playing a crucial role in the prolonged and substantial difference in employment rates between persons with disabilities and their non-disabled counterparts. Hence, this qualitative study which is purely based on desk review methodology explores the legal and policy barriers for employment of Sri Lankans with disabilities covering barriers affecting the organizational practices relating to the human resources practices and workplace accommodations. It is recommended that the laws and policies must be revised and reviewed with a thorough understanding of the inclusion of disabilities regarding employment of persons with disabilities and arranging reasonable accommodation for them. \u0000Keywords: Employment, Legal and Policy Barriers, Organizational Practices, Sri Lankans with Disabilities \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":248705,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Business Economics","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132392344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fertilizer, whether inorganic or organic is one of the most essential inputs for increasing productivity which leads to increase the agricultural production and the income of the farming community. Therefore, understanding the factors that affect farmers’ use of fertilizers is crucial to develop strategies to improve its efficient use and to minimize its negative impacts on rural community. In this background, this study aimed to identify the determinants of adoption decision and intensity of inorganic fertilizer usage among paddy farmers in Kalutara district. The data related to 150 paddy farmers were collected from Mathugama, Dodangoda and Horana Divisions in Kalutara district using multistage random sampling method. Among the respondents, 56% were farmers adopting inorganic farming and 44% of them adopting organic fertilizers. Results of independent samples t-test suggested that on average farmer’s age, distance to the nearest market and land size significantly differed between inorganic and organic farmers. Cragg’s double hurdle model was used to investigate the determinants of adoption decision and intensity of inorganic fertilizer usage among paddy farmers. The results of the study revealed that the likelihood of fertilizer adoption decision was influenced by land size, distance to the nearest market and credit accessibility while, the factors such as age, income and, off – farm income significantly influenced the intensity of fertilizer adoption. Therefore, a concerted effort is needed to encourage fertilizer adoption and intensity of inorganic fertilizer usage by increasing the size of land, facilitating to access credit, motivating the young farmers towards paddy farming and, stimulating the farmers to engage in off – farm income activities, which could be useful for fertilizer adoption decision and its extension of application in the study. Keywords: Adoption Decision, Cragg’s Double Hurdle Model, Inorganic Fertilizer, Land Ownership, Off – Farm Income.
{"title":"ADOPTION DECISION AND INTENSITY OF INORGANIC FERTILIZER USAGE AMONG PADDY FARMERS IN KALUTARA: A CRAGG’S DOUBLE HURDLE MODEL APPROACH","authors":"Ishara I.D.C, Thayaparan A., Gunathilaka G.Y.N.","doi":"10.31357/sljbe.v12.6441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/sljbe.v12.6441","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilizer, whether inorganic or organic is one of the most essential inputs for increasing productivity which leads to increase the agricultural production and the income of the farming community. Therefore, understanding the factors that affect farmers’ use of fertilizers is crucial to develop strategies to improve its efficient use and to minimize its negative impacts on rural community. In this background, this study aimed to identify the determinants of adoption decision and intensity of inorganic fertilizer usage among paddy farmers in Kalutara district. The data related to 150 paddy farmers were collected from Mathugama, Dodangoda and Horana Divisions in Kalutara district using multistage random sampling method. Among the respondents, 56% were farmers adopting inorganic farming and 44% of them adopting organic fertilizers. Results of independent samples t-test suggested that on average farmer’s age, distance to the nearest market and land size significantly differed between inorganic and organic farmers. Cragg’s double hurdle model was used to investigate the determinants of adoption decision and intensity of inorganic fertilizer usage among paddy farmers. The results of the study revealed that the likelihood of fertilizer adoption decision was influenced by land size, distance to the nearest market and credit accessibility while, the factors such as age, income and, off – farm income significantly influenced the intensity of fertilizer adoption. Therefore, a concerted effort is needed to encourage fertilizer adoption and intensity of inorganic fertilizer usage by increasing the size of land, facilitating to access credit, motivating the young farmers towards paddy farming and, stimulating the farmers to engage in off – farm income activities, which could be useful for fertilizer adoption decision and its extension of application in the study. \u0000Keywords: Adoption Decision, Cragg’s Double Hurdle Model, Inorganic Fertilizer, Land Ownership, Off – Farm Income. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":248705,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Business Economics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134091812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selvananthan G., Amaratunge. S, Fernando P.J.S., Rathnayake R.M.A.K
The economic downturn due to the catastrophic Civil War that lasted for 30 years followed by unstable governance, and the pandemic outbreak has made it difficult for Sri Lanka to achieve the sustainable development goal [SDG No.01] of No Poverty (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015). Poverty undermines the stability of a nation and weakens its economy, politics, and social well-being. The Civil War that existed in Sri Lanka has affected the economic stability and the social well-being of the households in war-torn regions. The objective of this study is to investigate the poverty dynamics in a developing economy that has been impacted by Civil War and to ascertain the extent to which socioeconomic factors influence poverty alleviation in such an economy. This study employed a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 300 farming households located in the Thunukai Divisional Secretariat Division of Mullaitivu District in the Northern Province. The findings of Ordinary Least Square and the Probit Models demonstrate that the availability of sufficient land enriched with long-term crops, sufficient water availability, technological advancement in agriculture, balanced gender participation in agricultural activities, and a substantial increase in farming expenditure play a crucial role in alleviating poverty within the households. The theoretical recommendations were provided to optimize the use of the identified predictors in the model estimation such as the reinstatement of community development practices, reformation and redevelopment of the local industries that improve the economic overhead and the involvement of communal activities in the vulnerable areas of society to rebuild the social overhead. Keywords: Poverty, Agriculture, Poverty Measures, Land Management, Poverty Alleviation
{"title":"DECODING THE NEXUS BETWEEN SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN THE NORTHERN PROVINCE OF SRI LANKA","authors":"Selvananthan G., Amaratunge. S, Fernando P.J.S., Rathnayake R.M.A.K","doi":"10.31357/sljbe.v12.6438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/sljbe.v12.6438","url":null,"abstract":"The economic downturn due to the catastrophic Civil War that lasted for 30 years followed by unstable governance, and the pandemic outbreak has made it difficult for Sri Lanka to achieve the sustainable development goal [SDG No.01] of No Poverty (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015). Poverty undermines the stability of a nation and weakens its economy, politics, and social well-being. The Civil War that existed in Sri Lanka has affected the economic stability and the social well-being of the households in war-torn regions. The objective of this study is to investigate the poverty dynamics in a developing economy that has been impacted by Civil War and to ascertain the extent to which socioeconomic factors influence poverty alleviation in such an economy. This study employed a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 300 farming households located in the Thunukai Divisional Secretariat Division of Mullaitivu District in the Northern Province. The findings of Ordinary Least Square and the Probit Models demonstrate that the availability of sufficient land enriched with long-term crops, sufficient water availability, technological advancement in agriculture, balanced gender participation in agricultural activities, and a substantial increase in farming expenditure play a crucial role in alleviating poverty within the households. The theoretical recommendations were provided to optimize the use of the identified predictors in the model estimation such as the reinstatement of community development practices, reformation and redevelopment of the local industries that improve the economic overhead and the involvement of communal activities in the vulnerable areas of society to rebuild the social overhead. \u0000Keywords: Poverty, Agriculture, Poverty Measures, Land Management, Poverty Alleviation","PeriodicalId":248705,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Business Economics","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123226400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Even though many years have passed, organisations continually focus on retaining Labour resources. Especially, Sri Lankan Nursing Staff tend to decrease their likelihood of continuing in hospitals, and it becomes a critical issue for the entire healthcare industry in Sri Lanka. Thus, the present study attempts to assess the impact of perceived satisfaction of the organisational climate on the intention of retention of nursing staff of a leading private hospital in Sri Lanka. The study uses a quantitative approach. The primary data were collected using a standard questionnaire, and a simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample from the population. Thus, every respondent has an equal contribution to select from the sample. 108 nursing staff in a selected leading private hospital were used as sample respondents. Correlation and regression analysis was used to analyse the gathered data. The findings of this research show a significant impact of perceived satisfaction of the organisational climate on the retention of nursing staff in a leading private hospital. The practical implications of hospitals, managers, and industrial psychologists guide favorable organizational climate physically and mentally which impact the retention decision of the nursing staff. Keywords: Retention, Perceived satisfaction of organisational climate, Human relations, Internal process
{"title":"IMPACT OF PERCEIVED SATISFACTION OF ORGANISATIONAL CLIMATE ON RETENTION –EVIDENCE FROM NURSING STAFF IN A LEADING PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN SRI LANKA","authors":"Shalini B.H., Mahalekamge W.G.S.","doi":"10.31357/sljbe.v12.6440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/sljbe.v12.6440","url":null,"abstract":"Even though many years have passed, organisations continually focus on retaining Labour resources. Especially, Sri Lankan Nursing Staff tend to decrease their likelihood of continuing in hospitals, and it becomes a critical issue for the entire healthcare industry in Sri Lanka. Thus, the present study attempts to assess the impact of perceived satisfaction of the organisational climate on the intention of retention of nursing staff of a leading private hospital in Sri Lanka. The study uses a quantitative approach. The primary data were collected using a standard questionnaire, and a simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample from the population. Thus, every respondent has an equal contribution to select from the sample. 108 nursing staff in a selected leading private hospital were used as sample respondents. Correlation and regression analysis was used to analyse the gathered data. The findings of this research show a significant impact of perceived satisfaction of the organisational climate on the retention of nursing staff in a leading private hospital. The practical implications of hospitals, managers, and industrial psychologists guide favorable organizational climate physically and mentally which impact the retention decision of the nursing staff. \u0000Keywords: Retention, Perceived satisfaction of organisational climate, Human relations, Internal process \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":248705,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Business Economics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125059381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes the dynamic impact of foreign banks’ presence and openness of banking sector on new firm creation in a panel of African countries. The analysis is based on Panel corrected standard error estimate (PCSE) and system Generalised Method of Moment (SGMM). Using data of sixteen countries in Africa between 2006 and 2017, the results reveal that foreign banks’ presence and banking sector openness have significant positive impacts on new firm creation. The study also examines the causality between the variables via Toda and Yamamoto approach. The results confirm a bidirectional causality between banking sector openness and new business creation. This means that there is a two-way flow between the variables. Banking sector openness drives entrepreneurial development and entrepreneurial activities also drive openness of the banking sector. This implies that foreign banking firms through their access to advanced technologies, increase the efficiency in the domestic banking sector of the economy. They grant loanable funds to domestic entrepreneurs for setting up new firms. The findings suggest that the presence of multinational banks is a blessing to African economies. Keywords: Foreign Banks, Liberalization, Entrepreneurial Start- up.
{"title":"FOREIGN BANKS’ PRESENCE, BANKING SECTOR OPENNESS AND NEW FIRM CREATION IN SELECTED AFRICAN COUNTRIES","authors":"Ajide F.M, Usman M.A.","doi":"10.31357/sljbe.v12.6445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/sljbe.v12.6445","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the dynamic impact of foreign banks’ presence and openness of banking sector on new firm creation in a panel of African countries. The analysis is based on Panel corrected standard error estimate (PCSE) and system Generalised Method of Moment (SGMM). Using data of sixteen countries in Africa between 2006 and 2017, the results reveal that foreign banks’ presence and banking sector openness have significant positive impacts on new firm creation. The study also examines the causality between the variables via Toda and Yamamoto approach. The results confirm a bidirectional causality between banking sector openness and new business creation. This means that there is a two-way flow between the variables. Banking sector openness drives entrepreneurial development and entrepreneurial activities also drive openness of the banking sector. This implies that foreign banking firms through their access to advanced technologies, increase the efficiency in the domestic banking sector of the economy. They grant loanable funds to domestic entrepreneurs for setting up new firms. The findings suggest that the presence of multinational banks is a blessing to African economies. \u0000Keywords: Foreign Banks, Liberalization, Entrepreneurial Start- up. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":248705,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Business Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122703175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sri Lanka's organic food market is still relatively small and is seen to be a niche one. Regardless of the importance of popularizing organic branded products among consumers through impulsive buying, a few have discussed this matter yet in the existing literature. In fact, the consumer behavior in the Asian market has been widely ignored. Therefore, the primary goal of this research study was to discover the factors influencing the impulsive buying behavior of organic branded food products among consumers in Sri Lanka. Based on prior studies, Web site stimulus, marketing stimulus, Product variety, impulsive traits and perceived enjoyment were considered as the dimensions in independent variable. The study used three hundred eighty-four (n=384) consumers for this study using convenience sampling technique. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis using SPSS software. Ideally, this study proved that website stimulus, marketing stimulus and impulsive traits have a positive impact on impulsive buying behavior of organic branded products. More interestingly, Product variety had a negative impact on impulsive buying behavior of organic brands whereas perceived enjoyment did not have a significant impact on impulsive buying behavior. Thus, the results of this research have given businesses some insight into the issues they are generally having, with convincing customers to buy organic brands. Keywords: impulsive buying behavior, organic branded products, social influences, environmental attitudes
{"title":"FACTORS AFFECTING IMPULSIVE BUYING BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC BRANDED PRODUCTS AMONG CONSUMERS IN SRI LANKA","authors":"Lakchan U.G.C., Samaraweera G.C.","doi":"10.31357/sljbe.v12.6443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/sljbe.v12.6443","url":null,"abstract":"Sri Lanka's organic food market is still relatively small and is seen to be a niche one. Regardless of the importance of popularizing organic branded products among consumers through impulsive buying, a few have discussed this matter yet in the existing literature. In fact, the consumer behavior in the Asian market has been widely ignored. Therefore, the primary goal of this research study was to discover the factors influencing the impulsive buying behavior of organic branded food products among consumers in Sri Lanka. Based on prior studies, Web site stimulus, marketing stimulus, Product variety, impulsive traits and perceived enjoyment were considered as the dimensions in independent variable. The study used three hundred eighty-four (n=384) consumers for this study using convenience sampling technique. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis using SPSS software. Ideally, this study proved that website stimulus, marketing stimulus and impulsive traits have a positive impact on impulsive buying behavior of organic branded products. More interestingly, Product variety had a negative impact on impulsive buying behavior of organic brands whereas perceived enjoyment did not have a significant impact on impulsive buying behavior. Thus, the results of this research have given businesses some insight into the issues they are generally having, with convincing customers to buy organic brands. \u0000Keywords: impulsive buying behavior, organic branded products, social influences, environmental attitudes \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":248705,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Business Economics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128407002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines Sri Lanka’s economic situation to recognize the potential policy reforms to revive country’s real sector in Post COVID-19 era. This study collected primary data through qualitative data collection approach named semi-structured interviews. Total sample size considered for interviews was 12. In addition to that, the information presented and reviewed in this study was taken from several updated secondary sources. Qualitative data was analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis approach which was introduced by Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. Thematic analysis of this qualitative study found several major themes as the policy reforms to rebuild agricultural sector, industrial sector and service sector in the post-COVID era. Centralized Backward & Forward Information Linkage System, Creation of Local Cultivation Trends and Import Substitution, Agro Innovations in Post COVID-19 Period, Cost Minimization Techniques, Expanding Systematic Warehouse Facilities as a Solution for Over-Production, Re-Lifting the Construction Sector after COVID-19 Disruption, Making Case for Cities as the Major Hubs of Economic Growth, Attracting Foreign Direct Investments, Developing a Technical Strategy for Sri Lankan Rail Transportation, Expansion of Digital Retail Activities, Bridging the Digital Divide, Cultivating Innovative Educational Culture in Higher Education Sector, Extra Focus on Mental Health, Community Nursing Service System can be cited as those policy reforms. Keywords: Post-COVID Era, Real Sector, Thematic Analysis, Sri Lanka
{"title":"COVID-19 ECONOMIC STORM IN SRI LANKA’S REAL SECTOR: A SYNOPTIC ANALYSIS FOCUSING ON POTENTIAL POLICY REFORMS","authors":"Wijayawardhana W.M.P.M., Damayanthi B.W.R.","doi":"10.31357/sljbe.v11.6007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/sljbe.v11.6007","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines Sri Lanka’s economic situation to recognize the potential policy reforms to revive country’s real sector in Post COVID-19 era. This study collected primary data through qualitative data collection approach named semi-structured interviews. Total sample size considered for interviews was 12. In addition to that, the information presented and reviewed in this study was taken from several updated secondary sources. Qualitative data was analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis approach which was introduced by Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. Thematic analysis of this qualitative study found several major themes as the policy reforms to rebuild agricultural sector, industrial sector and service sector in the post-COVID era. Centralized Backward & Forward Information Linkage System, Creation of Local Cultivation Trends and Import Substitution, Agro Innovations in Post COVID-19 Period, Cost Minimization Techniques, Expanding Systematic Warehouse Facilities as a Solution for Over-Production, Re-Lifting the Construction Sector after COVID-19 Disruption, Making Case for Cities as the Major Hubs of Economic Growth, Attracting Foreign Direct Investments, Developing a Technical Strategy for Sri Lankan Rail Transportation, Expansion of Digital Retail Activities, Bridging the Digital Divide, Cultivating Innovative Educational Culture in Higher Education Sector, Extra Focus on Mental Health, Community Nursing Service System can be cited as those policy reforms. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Post-COVID Era, Real Sector, Thematic Analysis, Sri Lanka","PeriodicalId":248705,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Business Economics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123135190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study employed multiple discriminant analysis to examine whether significant differences exist among the different group of tea smallholders in terms of their demographic and farming characteristics and to identify the significant factors influencing in the selection of different tea plant cultivars in Badulla district. The data were collected during the period November to December in 2019 and a sample of 108 tea smallholders has been randomly selected from three major tea producing regions namely Badulla, Haliela and Bandarawela divisions of the Uva region in the district. Frequency analysis reveals that, 43.5% of the tea smallholders chose VP 20/25 while 29.6% and 26.9% of them chose VP 20/23 and CY 9 cultivars respectively. Multiple discriminant analysis showed that, output from each tea plant cultivars and prices of each tea cultivar were the major discriminating variables as well as important influencing factors in selecting tea plant cultivars. Results of Fisher's linear discriminant functions revealed that as output increases, tea small holders are more likely to choose the cultivars VP20/25 and VP20/23 while less likely to select the CY9 cultivar. Similarly, as the price of the tea cultivar increases, they are more likely to adopt the CY9 cultivar than other two in the study. The classification results revealed that 56% of the respondents were correctly classified into three different groups of tea smallholders and the estimated discriminant functions for CY9 (96.6%) and VP 20/23(62.5%) were classified with better accuracy than another group in the study. The findings of the study may assist the tea smallholders in understanding the critical factors in the selection of tea plant cultivars and guide the policymakers to take effective measures in the tea sector in the future. Keywords: Choices of Tea Plant Cultivars, Demographic and Farming Characteristics, Fisher's Linear Discriminant Functions, Multiple Discriminant Analysis, Tea Smallholders
{"title":"DISCRIMINANT FACTORS IN THE CHOICES OF TEA PLANT CULTIVARS AMONG SMALLHOLDERS IN BADULLA DISTRICT: MULTIPLE DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS","authors":"Thayaparan A., Muhandiram M.M.N.","doi":"10.31357/sljbe.v11.6008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/sljbe.v11.6008","url":null,"abstract":"This study employed multiple discriminant analysis to examine whether significant differences exist among the different group of tea smallholders in terms of their demographic and farming characteristics and to identify the significant factors influencing in the selection of different tea plant cultivars in Badulla district. The data were collected during the period November to December in 2019 and a sample of 108 tea smallholders has been randomly selected from three major tea producing regions namely Badulla, Haliela and Bandarawela divisions of the Uva region in the district. Frequency analysis reveals that, 43.5% of the tea smallholders chose VP 20/25 while 29.6% and 26.9% of them chose VP 20/23 and CY 9 cultivars respectively. Multiple discriminant analysis showed that, output from each tea plant cultivars and prices of each tea cultivar were the major discriminating variables as well as important influencing factors in selecting tea plant cultivars. Results of Fisher's linear discriminant functions revealed that as output increases, tea small holders are more likely to choose the cultivars VP20/25 and VP20/23 while less likely to select the CY9 cultivar. Similarly, as the price of the tea cultivar increases, they are more likely to adopt the CY9 cultivar than other two in the study. The classification results revealed that 56% of the respondents were correctly classified into three different groups of tea smallholders and the estimated discriminant functions for CY9 (96.6%) and VP 20/23(62.5%) were classified with better accuracy than another group in the study. The findings of the study may assist the tea smallholders in understanding the critical factors in the selection of tea plant cultivars and guide the policymakers to take effective measures in the tea sector in the future. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Choices of Tea Plant Cultivars, Demographic and Farming Characteristics, Fisher's Linear Discriminant Functions, Multiple Discriminant Analysis, Tea Smallholders","PeriodicalId":248705,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Business Economics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134351946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study looked at the impact of financial inclusion in the alleviation of poverty and income inequality in Sri Lanka. The study is quantitative and secondary and a time series analysis was performed. According to the calculated average financial inclusion index, Sri Lanka is experiencing a trend in financial inclusion. So that it has uplifted its position as a country with a medium level of financial inclusion. The multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the impact of financial inclusion on poverty and income inequality. While there is a negative significant relationship between financial inclusion and poverty, financial inclusion is positively related to income inequality. Further, it highlighted certain complementary considerations that are required to be implemented with the promotion of financial inclusion going beyond the traditional facets to reduce poverty and income inequality in the nation. Therefore, the conclusion highlights the disparities that exist in Sri Lanka: especially concerning gender, age, and spatial disparities. Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Financial Inclusion Index, Income Inequality, Poverty
{"title":"FINANCIAL INCLUSION, POVERTY, AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN SRI LANKA","authors":"Madukala J.I., Silva M.S.T.","doi":"10.31357/sljbe.v11.6005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/sljbe.v11.6005","url":null,"abstract":"This study looked at the impact of financial inclusion in the alleviation of poverty and income inequality in Sri Lanka. The study is quantitative and secondary and a time series analysis was performed. According to the calculated average financial inclusion index, Sri Lanka is experiencing a trend in financial inclusion. So that it has uplifted its position as a country with a medium level of financial inclusion. The multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the impact of financial inclusion on poverty and income inequality. While there is a negative significant relationship between financial inclusion and poverty, financial inclusion is positively related to income inequality. Further, it highlighted certain complementary considerations that are required to be implemented with the promotion of financial inclusion going beyond the traditional facets to reduce poverty and income inequality in the nation. Therefore, the conclusion highlights the disparities that exist in Sri Lanka: especially concerning gender, age, and spatial disparities. \u0000Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Financial Inclusion Index, Income Inequality, Poverty","PeriodicalId":248705,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Business Economics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122121625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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