S. Barra, Kato Cnao, Pereira Ig, Amaral Tmp, Brasileiro Cb, R. A. Mesquita
Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon that is often explained by improvements in living conditions. Common diseases in the older age group are investigated to improve their prevention and treatment. Osteoporosis, a silent disease characterized by the progressive decrease of bone mineral density, resulting in an increased risk of fractures, is one of the most common diseases that affect patients over 60 years of age. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of low bone mineral density. However, this test has a high cost and is not available to all populations. Previous studies have found that dental imaging can be used to identify low bone mineral density. Dental imaging examinations have lower costs and are more routine than DXA. Qualitative and quantitative radiomorphometric indices as well as mathematical methods are used to identify patients with low bone mineral density through dental imaging exams. In addition, the morphology of the mandibular bone cortex is the most studied panoramic radiography exam. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a three-dimensional examination that produces high-quality images without distortion and magnification. This examination is widely used in dentistry and can be used for the evaluation of bone mineral density. However, CBCT is a low-cost examination, compared to DXA.
{"title":"Detecting Patients with Low Bone Mineral Density during Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","authors":"S. Barra, Kato Cnao, Pereira Ig, Amaral Tmp, Brasileiro Cb, R. A. Mesquita","doi":"10.18314/jbo.v5i1.1931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18314/jbo.v5i1.1931","url":null,"abstract":"Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon that is often explained by improvements in living conditions. Common diseases in the older age group are investigated to improve their prevention and treatment. Osteoporosis, a silent disease characterized by the progressive decrease of bone mineral density, resulting in an increased risk of fractures, is one of the most common diseases that affect patients over 60 years of age. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of low bone mineral density. However, this test has a high cost and is not available to all populations. Previous studies have found that dental imaging can be used to identify low bone mineral density. Dental imaging examinations have lower costs and are more routine than DXA. Qualitative and quantitative radiomorphometric indices as well as mathematical methods are used to identify patients with low bone mineral density through dental imaging exams. In addition, the morphology of the mandibular bone cortex is the most studied panoramic radiography exam. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a three-dimensional examination that produces high-quality images without distortion and magnification. This examination is widely used in dentistry and can be used for the evaluation of bone mineral density. However, CBCT is a low-cost examination, compared to DXA.","PeriodicalId":249116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133461731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aytekin Mn, C. Alemdar, S. Elçi, S. Akçaalan, M. Dogan
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) is a destructive lesion. The main treatment is curettage, local adjuvant and grafting. However, it is difficult to apply the optimal surgical procedure in aggressive lesions. In these cases, the use of denosumab prior to surgery has been shown to reduce bone destruction and facilitate surgical treatment. A 22-year-old woman was referred for limited shoulder movement and pain complaints. Physical examination and radiological findings were interpreted in favor of ABC. The biopsy was also found to be consistent with the ABC. Since the lesion was aggressive, denosumab was applied prior to surgery. The mass quickly became calcified and patient’s pain complaint decreased. After stopping denosumab treatment, lesion progressed rapidly and destructive character became dominant at every part of lesion. The patient underwent proximal humeral resection and prosthesis. A painless limb with limited shoulder movement was achieved. Although denosumab application prior to surgery was initially good in this case, after termination of treatment, lesion progressed rapidly and the gains associated with denosumab use was lost.
{"title":"Giant Aggressive Aneurismal Bone Cyst of the Proximal Humerus Unresponsive to Denosumab","authors":"Aytekin Mn, C. Alemdar, S. Elçi, S. Akçaalan, M. Dogan","doi":"10.18314/JBO.V5I1.1800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18314/JBO.V5I1.1800","url":null,"abstract":"Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) is a destructive lesion. The main treatment is curettage, local adjuvant and grafting. However, it is difficult to apply the optimal surgical procedure in aggressive lesions. In these cases, the use of denosumab prior to surgery has been shown to reduce bone destruction and facilitate surgical treatment. A 22-year-old woman was referred for limited shoulder movement and pain complaints. Physical examination and radiological findings were interpreted in favor of ABC. The biopsy was also found to be consistent with the ABC. Since the lesion was aggressive, denosumab was applied prior to surgery. The mass quickly became calcified and patient’s pain complaint decreased. After stopping denosumab treatment, lesion progressed rapidly and destructive character became dominant at every part of lesion. The patient underwent proximal humeral resection and prosthesis. A painless limb with limited shoulder movement was achieved. Although denosumab application prior to surgery was initially good in this case, after termination of treatment, lesion progressed rapidly and the gains associated with denosumab use was lost.","PeriodicalId":249116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127170136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bisphosphonates (BP) are the most commonly used medications for the treatment of osteoporosis. Of them, the most frequently prescribed worldwide is alendronate. Of the various compounds available, those that are ingested are usually indicated, but they are also available for intravenous use at different intervals, depending on their potency [1].
{"title":"Treatment of Osteoporosis with Bisphosphonates: Is Vitamin D Necessary?","authors":"Ariel Sánchez","doi":"10.18314/JBO.V5I1.1597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18314/JBO.V5I1.1597","url":null,"abstract":"Bisphosphonates (BP) are the most commonly used medications for the treatment of osteoporosis. Of them, the most frequently prescribed worldwide is alendronate. Of the various compounds available, those that are ingested are usually indicated, but they are also available for intravenous use at different intervals, depending on their potency [1].","PeriodicalId":249116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132456271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is minimal information on bone Histomorphometric characteristics in ankylosing spondylitis. We here report a case of a 36-year-old Japanese male that suffered from lumbago and could not gaze in the forward direction. Ultimately, a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis was made, and vertebroplasty was performed to correct the third lumbar spine. Histomorphometry of the iliac bone showed reduced bone volume parameters (bone volume, and trabecular thickness and width) than reference values. In addition, bone formation parameters (osteoid thickness and osteoblast surface per bone surface) and bone resorption parameters (eroded surface per bone surface and osteoclast number per bone surface) were also lower than reference values, indicating low bone turnover. By contrast, there was not a clear trend in bone resorption markers: bone- pecific alkaline phosphatase (17 U/l) was normal, TRACP-5b (136 mU/dl) was slightly lower, urinary N-terminal telopeptide (45.3 nmol BCE/mmol Cr) was normal, and deoxypyridinoline (9.1 nM/mM Cre) was higher than reference values. However, there was deficiency in 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D; 14.4 ng/ml). This case highlights the rare possibility of performing bone histomorphometry, and indicates that a low bone volume and low bone turnover (in both bone formation and resorption) are characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis, although bone formation markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) and bone mineral density are within the normal range. The possibility of a serum 25-OH-D deficient status in ankylosing spondylitis should be further considered.
{"title":"Bone Histomorphometric Findings in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report","authors":"N. Kondo, N. Yamamoto, Kei Watanabe, N. Endo","doi":"10.18314/JBO.V4I1.1511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18314/JBO.V4I1.1511","url":null,"abstract":"There is minimal information on bone Histomorphometric characteristics in ankylosing spondylitis. We here report a case of a 36-year-old Japanese male that suffered from lumbago and could not gaze in the forward direction. Ultimately, a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis was made, and vertebroplasty was performed to correct the third lumbar spine. Histomorphometry of the iliac bone showed reduced bone volume parameters (bone volume, and trabecular thickness and width) than reference values. In addition, bone formation parameters (osteoid thickness and osteoblast surface per bone surface) and bone resorption parameters (eroded surface per bone surface and osteoclast number per bone surface) were also lower than reference values, indicating low bone turnover. By contrast, there was not a clear trend in bone resorption markers: bone- pecific alkaline phosphatase (17 U/l) was normal, TRACP-5b (136 mU/dl) was slightly lower, urinary N-terminal telopeptide (45.3 nmol BCE/mmol Cr) was normal, and deoxypyridinoline (9.1 nM/mM Cre) was higher than reference values. However, there was deficiency in 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D; 14.4 ng/ml). This case highlights the rare possibility of performing bone histomorphometry, and indicates that a low bone volume and low bone turnover (in both bone formation and resorption) are characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis, although bone formation markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) and bone mineral density are within the normal range. The possibility of a serum 25-OH-D deficient status in ankylosing spondylitis should be further considered.","PeriodicalId":249116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130651048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To elucidate the radiographic outcomes for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using the synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (sDMARD) Iguratimod (IGU) and other DMARDs including injectable sodium aurothiomalate, bucillamine, salazosulphapyridine, infliximab, etanercept, tocilizumab and/or abatacept.Patients and Methods: 213 patients were enrolled in this study. Total Genant-modified Sharp scores (GSS) of hands/wrists and feet at baseline and at week 104 were calculated in 31 RA patients treated with a daily dose of 25 mg or 50 mg for 104 weeks.Results: Total GSS of 31 patients at week 104 showed no progression (total GSS <= 0.84: the smallest detectable change) in 16 (52%) patients with a mean score reduction (95% CI) of-4.3 (-8.1 ~ -0.5) (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Treatment with the sDMARD, IGU showed no radiographic progression in 16 (52%) RA patients at week 104. Concerning the suppression mechanism of joint destruction by IGU and other DMARDs, we speculate that DMARDs prevent bone/cartilage destruction by inhibiting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- kB) lig and (RANKL) and through other antirheumatic actions.
{"title":"Iguratimod, A Synthetic Disease Modifying Anti- Rheumatic Drug (Sdmard), and Various Dmards Suppress Joint Destruction. The Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Inhibition of Bone/Cartilage Destruction","authors":"K. Ishikawa, J. Ishikawa","doi":"10.18314/jbo.v4i1.1378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18314/jbo.v4i1.1378","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To elucidate the radiographic outcomes for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using the synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (sDMARD) Iguratimod (IGU) and other DMARDs including injectable sodium aurothiomalate, bucillamine, salazosulphapyridine, infliximab, etanercept, tocilizumab and/or abatacept.Patients and Methods: 213 patients were enrolled in this study. Total Genant-modified Sharp scores (GSS) of hands/wrists and feet at baseline and at week 104 were calculated in 31 RA patients treated with a daily dose of 25 mg or 50 mg for 104 weeks.Results: Total GSS of 31 patients at week 104 showed no progression (total GSS <= 0.84: the smallest detectable change) in 16 (52%) patients with a mean score reduction (95% CI) of-4.3 (-8.1 ~ -0.5) (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Treatment with the sDMARD, IGU showed no radiographic progression in 16 (52%) RA patients at week 104. Concerning the suppression mechanism of joint destruction by IGU and other DMARDs, we speculate that DMARDs prevent bone/cartilage destruction by inhibiting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- kB) lig and (RANKL) and through other antirheumatic actions.","PeriodicalId":249116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis","volume":"23 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120849988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sébastien El Rifaï, F. Loisel, L. Obert, D. Lepage
Introduction: Non-union of the humeral shaft is a rare condition. In these patients, more stable fixation with or without autograft results in nearly 95% union rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone union following use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP7) for treating humeral non-union.Material and methods: This was a prospective study of resistant non-union cases treated by repeated fixation and addition of rhBMP7. The case series consisted of 16 patients with an average age of 53.8 years (24-71). Patients presented with non-union of the humeral shaft and had experienced at least one failed attempt at surgical repair. Osigraft® (rhBMP7) was added to the non-union site after decortication, medullary canal reaming and fixation with one or two plates. The average time elapsed between the initial fracture and the second revision was 31 months (5-103). The patients had undergone an average of 2.3 procedures (1-6).Results: All patients were reviewed after at least 24 months of follow-up. No neurological complications were reported. One failure occurred in a non-compliant patient with septic non-union who had undergone four previous procedures. The other patients experienced bone union after an average of 12.4 months (6-14), with no further procedures required. The patients were able to return to their normal daily activities.Conclusion: Failure of the initial fracture treatment (unstable fixation, postoperative bone defect) is the primary cause of non-union. Although autograft is the gold standard treatment for non-union cases, the course of action to take if this primary strategy fails has not been defined. During secondary use (due to failed autograft procedure) and when there is no requirement for a structural graft (humerus can be shortened), providing stable fixation and adding a growth factor leads to bone union even in a septic environment.
{"title":"Treatment of Resistant and High-Risk Humeral Non-union Cases with rhBMP7","authors":"Sébastien El Rifaï, F. Loisel, L. Obert, D. Lepage","doi":"10.18314/jbo.v4i1.1305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18314/jbo.v4i1.1305","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Non-union of the humeral shaft is a rare condition. In these patients, more stable fixation with or without autograft results in nearly 95% union rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone union following use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP7) for treating humeral non-union.Material and methods: This was a prospective study of resistant non-union cases treated by repeated fixation and addition of rhBMP7. The case series consisted of 16 patients with an average age of 53.8 years (24-71). Patients presented with non-union of the humeral shaft and had experienced at least one failed attempt at surgical repair. Osigraft® (rhBMP7) was added to the non-union site after decortication, medullary canal reaming and fixation with one or two plates. The average time elapsed between the initial fracture and the second revision was 31 months (5-103). The patients had undergone an average of 2.3 procedures (1-6).Results: All patients were reviewed after at least 24 months of follow-up. No neurological complications were reported. One failure occurred in a non-compliant patient with septic non-union who had undergone four previous procedures. The other patients experienced bone union after an average of 12.4 months (6-14), with no further procedures required. The patients were able to return to their normal daily activities.Conclusion: Failure of the initial fracture treatment (unstable fixation, postoperative bone defect) is the primary cause of non-union. Although autograft is the gold standard treatment for non-union cases, the course of action to take if this primary strategy fails has not been defined. During secondary use (due to failed autograft procedure) and when there is no requirement for a structural graft (humerus can be shortened), providing stable fixation and adding a growth factor leads to bone union even in a septic environment.","PeriodicalId":249116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130509779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yumiko Kawata, Eiji Ikami, Junya Nojima, S. Kokabu, T. Yoda, Tsuyoshi Sato
Adipose-derived Mesenchymal stem cells have emerged as an attractive alternative source of cell therapy. While radiation therapy is an important application for head and neck cancer, the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on irradiated bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal stem cells is still unclear. Herein, we explored how clinical total radiation dose affect gene expression related with differentiation on murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and how murine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells affect irradiated murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The clinical total radiation dose upregulates osterix mRNA expression. Moreover, adiposederived mesenchymal stem cells dramatically promoted the upregulation of osterix mRNA expression whereas inhibited NFATc1 mRNA expression. Taken as a whole, irradiated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells may exhibit osteogenic property.
{"title":"Effect of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Irradiated Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells","authors":"Yumiko Kawata, Eiji Ikami, Junya Nojima, S. Kokabu, T. Yoda, Tsuyoshi Sato","doi":"10.18314/JBO.V4I1.1230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18314/JBO.V4I1.1230","url":null,"abstract":"Adipose-derived Mesenchymal stem cells have emerged as an attractive alternative source of cell therapy. While radiation therapy is an important application for head and neck cancer, the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on irradiated bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal stem cells is still unclear. Herein, we explored how clinical total radiation dose affect gene expression related with differentiation on murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and how murine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells affect irradiated murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The clinical total radiation dose upregulates osterix mRNA expression. Moreover, adiposederived mesenchymal stem cells dramatically promoted the upregulation of osterix mRNA expression whereas inhibited NFATc1 mRNA expression. Taken as a whole, irradiated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells may exhibit osteogenic property.","PeriodicalId":249116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121353245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bone functions as a store of alkali buffer, and is consumed over time if the organism is continually exposed to an acid-producing diet. This may result in osteoporosis. Alkali therapy may protect the bone, and may prevent the development of osteoporosis.
{"title":"Acid-Base Control and Osteoporosis: A Review","authors":"U. Barzel","doi":"10.18314/jbo.v4i1.1254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18314/jbo.v4i1.1254","url":null,"abstract":"Bone functions as a store of alkali buffer, and is consumed over time if the organism is continually exposed to an acid-producing diet. This may result in osteoporosis. Alkali therapy may protect the bone, and may prevent the development of osteoporosis.","PeriodicalId":249116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122764848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Macedo, G. Santos, J. F. Lana, Renato Luiz Bevilacqua de Castro, Icaro Lanzoni Gallo Ingrao, S. Huber, Saulo Cardoso Filho, Inácio Facó Ventura Vieira, W. Murrell
This literature review explores recent and past investigations carried out by researchers in various settings pertaining to the orthopaedic field of medicine, in attempts to show a possible connection between the deficit in sex hormone levels and the potential consequences it brings about on orthopaedic health, namely, osteoarthritis. There is some evidence in the literature suggesting that suboptimal concentrations of steroid hormones can negatively impact bone health, making it more susceptible to physical injury, especially when the hormone in question is estrogen. Several studies have shown that this biomolecule is quite essential to human health due to its effects on not only sexual development and function but also on bone metabolism, in both men and women. Investigations revolving around estrogenic compounds reveal their significance in physical capacitation of adult individuals, since it has already been found that estrogens play a pivotal role on bone maintenance by directly interacting with osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and even T-cells, to name a few examples. Large scale studies also bring up plausible evidence by evaluating the links between measured sex steroid concentrations and incidence of osteoarthritic joint replacement in adults. Taking that into consideration, there is sufficient motivation to look into hormonal fluctuation in adult individuals, calling for suitable medical intervention in order to keep a patient’s health under control, avoiding and even treating the detrimental effects caused by the deficiency of certain steroid hormones.
{"title":"Correlation between Sex Hormone Deficiency and Osteoarthritis","authors":"A. Macedo, G. Santos, J. F. Lana, Renato Luiz Bevilacqua de Castro, Icaro Lanzoni Gallo Ingrao, S. Huber, Saulo Cardoso Filho, Inácio Facó Ventura Vieira, W. Murrell","doi":"10.18314/JBO.V4I1.1241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18314/JBO.V4I1.1241","url":null,"abstract":"This literature review explores recent and past investigations carried out by researchers in various settings pertaining to the orthopaedic field of medicine, in attempts to show a possible connection between the deficit in sex hormone levels and the potential consequences it brings about on orthopaedic health, namely, osteoarthritis. There is some evidence in the literature suggesting that suboptimal concentrations of steroid hormones can negatively impact bone health, making it more susceptible to physical injury, especially when the hormone in question is estrogen. Several studies have shown that this biomolecule is quite essential to human health due to its effects on not only sexual development and function but also on bone metabolism, in both men and women. Investigations revolving around estrogenic compounds reveal their significance in physical capacitation of adult individuals, since it has already been found that estrogens play a pivotal role on bone maintenance by directly interacting with osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and even T-cells, to name a few examples. Large scale studies also bring up plausible evidence by evaluating the links between measured sex steroid concentrations and incidence of osteoarthritic joint replacement in adults. Taking that into consideration, there is sufficient motivation to look into hormonal fluctuation in adult individuals, calling for suitable medical intervention in order to keep a patient’s health under control, avoiding and even treating the detrimental effects caused by the deficiency of certain steroid hormones.","PeriodicalId":249116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115715870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nutrient delivery to bone tissue, as for all tissues in the body, is provided through interstitial fluid flow. This flow is driven by the differential fluid pressures between the intramedullary canal and the tissues outside of the bone. Correspondingly, reductions in tissue fluid pressure should enhance interstitial bone fluid flow, nutrient delivery, and thereby increase bone mineral density. This hypothesis was tested in a one year long pilot clinical study of healthy, employed, perimenopausal women (42 - 68 years). Soleus muscle (calf muscle pump) stimulation was utilized with the intent of increasing lower limb fluid return to the heart, serving to both reduce lower limb tissue pressures and to increase intramedullary pressures by increasing cardiac output. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessments of bone mineral density (BMD) were obtained at 12 month intervals. Muscle stimulation usage ranged from 0.7 to 4.8 hours/work-day. Dose dependent responses between duration of daily soleus muscle stimulation and changes in both proximal femur BMD (+0.5% per hour of daily use; p = 0.05) and proximal tibia BMD (+1.5% per hour of daily use; p = 0.0004), were observed; no significant effect was observed at the lumbar spine. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that calf muscle pump stimulation, which is sufficient to reduce lower limb fluid pooling, is capable of significantly reducing the rate of bone loss in perimenopausal women as well as enhancing new bone formation.
{"title":"Calf Muscle Pump Stimulation Increases Lower Limb Bone Density in Perimenopausal Women","authors":"K. McLeod, C. Pierce","doi":"10.18314/jbo.v4i1.1267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18314/jbo.v4i1.1267","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrient delivery to bone tissue, as for all tissues in the body, is provided through interstitial fluid flow. This flow is driven by the differential fluid pressures between the intramedullary canal and the tissues outside of the bone. Correspondingly, reductions in tissue fluid pressure should enhance interstitial bone fluid flow, nutrient delivery, and thereby increase bone mineral density. This hypothesis was tested in a one year long pilot clinical study of healthy, employed, perimenopausal women (42 - 68 years). Soleus muscle (calf muscle pump) stimulation was utilized with the intent of increasing lower limb fluid return to the heart, serving to both reduce lower limb tissue pressures and to increase intramedullary pressures by increasing cardiac output. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessments of bone mineral density (BMD) were obtained at 12 month intervals. Muscle stimulation usage ranged from 0.7 to 4.8 hours/work-day. Dose dependent responses between duration of daily soleus muscle stimulation and changes in both proximal femur BMD (+0.5% per hour of daily use; p = 0.05) and proximal tibia BMD (+1.5% per hour of daily use; p = 0.0004), were observed; no significant effect was observed at the lumbar spine. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that calf muscle pump stimulation, which is sufficient to reduce lower limb fluid pooling, is capable of significantly reducing the rate of bone loss in perimenopausal women as well as enhancing new bone formation.","PeriodicalId":249116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116574490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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