Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1515/avutgs-2017-0011
Akeem Olawale Olaniyia, A. M. Abdullaha, Mohammad Firuz Ramlia, Hosea Kato Mandea, Deborah Babarinsab
Abstract A 21 year (1992 – 2012) daily ozone emission data of a highly urbanised district in Malaysia was analysed with the aim of estimating the trend of ozone emission and relating this trend to the socio – economic and climatic characteristics of the area. Daily ozone emission dataset used in this study were obtained from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Centre (WOUDC). The data were aggregated to obtain the mean monthly emission data. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted to describe the datasets. Trend of the ozone emission was estimated with the use of MANN - KENDALL test. The magnitude of the trend was derived by the use of ordinary least-square fitting and the significance of trend was also tested with the use of MANN-KENDALL tool. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the highest ozone emission occurred during the south western monsoon (May to August) period and these mean monthly ozone emission differed significantly over the study period. The trend analysis indicated a yearly decrease of between 0.069 ppt to 9.45 ppt for all the months except for the month of June when the predicted ozone concentration increased between 0.403 ppt and 0.414 ppt over 2020 to 2100. Furthermore, the results indicated that the ozone emission datasets yielded good estimates (predictive power of over 90%) with polynomial regression model. It could be concluded that the results of this study provided useful evidence for the importance of the climatic factors such as ambient air temperature, relative humidity on ozone formation. More so, this study could be useful in developing baseline information for assessing the health impact of ozone emission and for urban airshed modelling.
{"title":"Estimating Trends of Mean Monthly Ozone Emission in Urbanised Areas of Malaysia","authors":"Akeem Olawale Olaniyia, A. M. Abdullaha, Mohammad Firuz Ramlia, Hosea Kato Mandea, Deborah Babarinsab","doi":"10.1515/avutgs-2017-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2017-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A 21 year (1992 – 2012) daily ozone emission data of a highly urbanised district in Malaysia was analysed with the aim of estimating the trend of ozone emission and relating this trend to the socio – economic and climatic characteristics of the area. Daily ozone emission dataset used in this study were obtained from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Centre (WOUDC). The data were aggregated to obtain the mean monthly emission data. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted to describe the datasets. Trend of the ozone emission was estimated with the use of MANN - KENDALL test. The magnitude of the trend was derived by the use of ordinary least-square fitting and the significance of trend was also tested with the use of MANN-KENDALL tool. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the highest ozone emission occurred during the south western monsoon (May to August) period and these mean monthly ozone emission differed significantly over the study period. The trend analysis indicated a yearly decrease of between 0.069 ppt to 9.45 ppt for all the months except for the month of June when the predicted ozone concentration increased between 0.403 ppt and 0.414 ppt over 2020 to 2100. Furthermore, the results indicated that the ozone emission datasets yielded good estimates (predictive power of over 90%) with polynomial regression model. It could be concluded that the results of this study provided useful evidence for the importance of the climatic factors such as ambient air temperature, relative humidity on ozone formation. More so, this study could be useful in developing baseline information for assessing the health impact of ozone emission and for urban airshed modelling.","PeriodicalId":250092,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126517651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1515/avutgs-2017-0016
A. El-Araby, A. Faleh
Abstract The articulation between the national, regional and local levels is one of the main thrusts that decision-makers and stakeholders are increasingly involved in when designing and implementing development visions and strategies. Indeed, the descending approach gives way gradually to the ascending approach; the revision of legislation relating to the management of public affairs (municipal charter, law on the region...), the creation of a number of support institutions (development agencies) and the project of “advanced regionalization”, are aspects of these evolutions. On the other hand, if these efforts are aimed at reducing dysfunctions between regional and intra-regional areas, the reality is that the national territory still suffers from an imbalance between the favored and other disadvantaged regions. In addition, rural exodus and urban growth have profoundly modified territorial relations: social inequalities are widening and imbalances between the rural and the urban are increasing. The present communication seeks to raise some avenues that will ensure a good structuring of the territory of a fragile zone such as the province of Zagora. This is a case study of the role of the Emerging Rural Centers, as intermediate spaces, in the articulation, revitalization and territorial development of the Drâa Tafilalet region. In fact, this new less studied terminology has been the subject of a theoretical framing concerning its definition as well as an outline of criteria for the identification and ranking of the Emerging Rural Centers applicable to the other territories. The roles of the actors in rural development and the place assigned to the CRE for the articulation of the territory of the province of Zagora.
{"title":"Emerging Rural Centers, Territorial Projects, Regional Development Players and Prospects. The Case of the Province of Zagora (Morocco)","authors":"A. El-Araby, A. Faleh","doi":"10.1515/avutgs-2017-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2017-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The articulation between the national, regional and local levels is one of the main thrusts that decision-makers and stakeholders are increasingly involved in when designing and implementing development visions and strategies. Indeed, the descending approach gives way gradually to the ascending approach; the revision of legislation relating to the management of public affairs (municipal charter, law on the region...), the creation of a number of support institutions (development agencies) and the project of “advanced regionalization”, are aspects of these evolutions. On the other hand, if these efforts are aimed at reducing dysfunctions between regional and intra-regional areas, the reality is that the national territory still suffers from an imbalance between the favored and other disadvantaged regions. In addition, rural exodus and urban growth have profoundly modified territorial relations: social inequalities are widening and imbalances between the rural and the urban are increasing. The present communication seeks to raise some avenues that will ensure a good structuring of the territory of a fragile zone such as the province of Zagora. This is a case study of the role of the Emerging Rural Centers, as intermediate spaces, in the articulation, revitalization and territorial development of the Drâa Tafilalet region. In fact, this new less studied terminology has been the subject of a theoretical framing concerning its definition as well as an outline of criteria for the identification and ranking of the Emerging Rural Centers applicable to the other territories. The roles of the actors in rural development and the place assigned to the CRE for the articulation of the territory of the province of Zagora.","PeriodicalId":250092,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129308086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1515/avutgs-2017-0013
A. Costache, L. Comănescu, A. Nedelea
Abstract The paper emphasizes the methodological steps undertaken in the assessment of floods perception, which was conducted in tree study areas from Romania (Banat Plain, Bend Subcarpathians and Siret river basin). The reasons behind the design of the questionnaire and interview guide are explained, in relation with the research objectives. The research endeavor allows not only to better understand the local context of vulnerability to floods and flash floods, but also to incorporate the results in a broader framework of vulnerability assessment, enhancing the quality of scientific services provided to stakeholders.
{"title":"Assessing Perception of Floods within the Framework of VULMIN Project: Methodological Remarks","authors":"A. Costache, L. Comănescu, A. Nedelea","doi":"10.1515/avutgs-2017-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2017-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper emphasizes the methodological steps undertaken in the assessment of floods perception, which was conducted in tree study areas from Romania (Banat Plain, Bend Subcarpathians and Siret river basin). The reasons behind the design of the questionnaire and interview guide are explained, in relation with the research objectives. The research endeavor allows not only to better understand the local context of vulnerability to floods and flash floods, but also to incorporate the results in a broader framework of vulnerability assessment, enhancing the quality of scientific services provided to stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":250092,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129366860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1515/avutgs-2017-0018
A. Costache
Abstract While extensively employed in the mainstream literature focused on earth system science and sustainable development, the concepts of resilience, vulnerability and adaptation are still difficult to operationalize given the different conceptual frameworks proposed in various scientific fields, such as ecology, disaster reduction and global change. Although multiple points of view are, to a certain degree, beneficial to an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of the coupled human-environmental systems, there is a need to correlate the theoretical frameworks of the two sustainability pillars, resilience and vulnerability, in a coherent and efficient manner.
{"title":"Conceptual Delimitations Between Resilience, Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity to Extreme Events and Global Change","authors":"A. Costache","doi":"10.1515/avutgs-2017-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2017-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While extensively employed in the mainstream literature focused on earth system science and sustainable development, the concepts of resilience, vulnerability and adaptation are still difficult to operationalize given the different conceptual frameworks proposed in various scientific fields, such as ecology, disaster reduction and global change. Although multiple points of view are, to a certain degree, beneficial to an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of the coupled human-environmental systems, there is a need to correlate the theoretical frameworks of the two sustainability pillars, resilience and vulnerability, in a coherent and efficient manner.","PeriodicalId":250092,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125439662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1515/avutgs-2017-0019
M. Ashour, M. Saad, M. M. Kotb
Abstract Bahr Youssef (B.Y) is a semi-natural branch canal connecting the River Nile with Fayoum depression, in the desert immediately to the west of the Nile Valley, about 92 kilometers southwest of Cairo, for irrigation purposes of El-Minya, El-Fayoum, Bani-Swif, and Giza governorates. The area served by Bahr Youssef reaches about 850.000 feds in the Middle Egypt, out of 1.650.000 feds served by the Ibrahimeya carrier canal, which branches from the River Nile's at Assiut barrage, and extends northward for 55 kilometers, until Dayrut city. In Dayrut; “Ibrahimeya” canal bifurcates into seven carrier canals, (Bahr Youssef is one of them,) through Dayrut Group of regulators. Bahr Youssef suffers from, meandering phenomenon, in many reaches, occurred with all its harmful and destructive effects. As meanders are the direct result of erosion-deposition processes occur in such flatty reaches with hydraulically unstable sections, our effort here is directed for studying the existing geometric, and hydraulic conditions of some representative reaches of Bahr Youssef, to evaluate the size of the problem through intensive field measurements, and to verify the available predicting techniques and theories by comparison with the obtained measured values. Introducing an acceptable, effective and easy method, which can be used for an accurate estimation of the meandering phenomenon, is the main objective of this study. This was achieved through reviewing and assessment of the available predicting techniques, and evaluating their liability, validity, and suitability through the comparison with the field collected measurements.
{"title":"Evaluation of Alluvial Channels Meandering Phenomenon (Case Study: Bahr Youssef)","authors":"M. Ashour, M. Saad, M. M. Kotb","doi":"10.1515/avutgs-2017-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2017-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bahr Youssef (B.Y) is a semi-natural branch canal connecting the River Nile with Fayoum depression, in the desert immediately to the west of the Nile Valley, about 92 kilometers southwest of Cairo, for irrigation purposes of El-Minya, El-Fayoum, Bani-Swif, and Giza governorates. The area served by Bahr Youssef reaches about 850.000 feds in the Middle Egypt, out of 1.650.000 feds served by the Ibrahimeya carrier canal, which branches from the River Nile's at Assiut barrage, and extends northward for 55 kilometers, until Dayrut city. In Dayrut; “Ibrahimeya” canal bifurcates into seven carrier canals, (Bahr Youssef is one of them,) through Dayrut Group of regulators. Bahr Youssef suffers from, meandering phenomenon, in many reaches, occurred with all its harmful and destructive effects. As meanders are the direct result of erosion-deposition processes occur in such flatty reaches with hydraulically unstable sections, our effort here is directed for studying the existing geometric, and hydraulic conditions of some representative reaches of Bahr Youssef, to evaluate the size of the problem through intensive field measurements, and to verify the available predicting techniques and theories by comparison with the obtained measured values. Introducing an acceptable, effective and easy method, which can be used for an accurate estimation of the meandering phenomenon, is the main objective of this study. This was achieved through reviewing and assessment of the available predicting techniques, and evaluating their liability, validity, and suitability through the comparison with the field collected measurements.","PeriodicalId":250092,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series","volume":"28 15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134260972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1515/AVUTGS-2017-0015
Silviu Costachie
Abstract In the following paper we will discuss about the situation of the Romanian gypsies living in Spain and the main problems involved by their presence in this country. We will analyze the causes that made them emigrate to Spain, together with a historical analysis of this process, the living conditions they have (housing, employment, education...). Also, we will present the social problems they suffer because of their particular culture, other than Spanish, the main settlements where they chosen to live in Spain and social acceptance from the point of view of the Spanish population. The present article is the direct result of a research program that was developed almost two years ago by the Research Center for Regional Development and European Integration of the University of Bucharest, part of a larger research program regarding the ethnic minorities of Romania. The main important aspect of this research is the fact that we used two target groups interviewed both in Romania and Spain and also, we used official information regarding Romanian gypsy located actually on Spanish territory, according with the official Spanish census. This way we managed to gather a large quantity of information and to provide to the reader a closer to reality image of the status of Romanian gypsy presently living inside Spanish border. Also, the novelty brought by this research is the fact that we tried to present the social and integration problems encountered by the Romanian gypsies located in the cities or villages of Spain. The article might be considered a starting point for future research upon this subject.
{"title":"Romanian Gypsies in Spain. A Migratory Phenomenon, Its Causes and Repercussions","authors":"Silviu Costachie","doi":"10.1515/AVUTGS-2017-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/AVUTGS-2017-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the following paper we will discuss about the situation of the Romanian gypsies living in Spain and the main problems involved by their presence in this country. We will analyze the causes that made them emigrate to Spain, together with a historical analysis of this process, the living conditions they have (housing, employment, education...). Also, we will present the social problems they suffer because of their particular culture, other than Spanish, the main settlements where they chosen to live in Spain and social acceptance from the point of view of the Spanish population. The present article is the direct result of a research program that was developed almost two years ago by the Research Center for Regional Development and European Integration of the University of Bucharest, part of a larger research program regarding the ethnic minorities of Romania. The main important aspect of this research is the fact that we used two target groups interviewed both in Romania and Spain and also, we used official information regarding Romanian gypsy located actually on Spanish territory, according with the official Spanish census. This way we managed to gather a large quantity of information and to provide to the reader a closer to reality image of the status of Romanian gypsy presently living inside Spanish border. Also, the novelty brought by this research is the fact that we tried to present the social and integration problems encountered by the Romanian gypsies located in the cities or villages of Spain. The article might be considered a starting point for future research upon this subject.","PeriodicalId":250092,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124859766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1515/avutgs-2017-0014
Unucok Atilla Alexandru
Abstract Metropolitan areas represent large urban centers, made up of a metropolis and adjacent areas of influence. In general, one or several cities are polarizing centers which inspire a name to the metropolitan area as the most important component of the city. The human pressure may be analyzed using anthropic pressure indices. They are calculated according to the relation between the surfaces with different types of occupation and the number of population overlapping such occupied areas. The data used in calculations may be found in official statistics and in international environmental monitoring programs. Such program is Copernicus which provides the Corine Land Cover data relating to use of land in Europe. To calculate and analyze anthropic pressure indices one may use GIS applications which process the Corine Land Cover data and create maps that expose changes occurred at visual level.
{"title":"Analysis of Anthropic Pressure Indices in the Metropolitan Area of Braşov, Processed/Highlighted by Means of GIS","authors":"Unucok Atilla Alexandru","doi":"10.1515/avutgs-2017-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2017-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Metropolitan areas represent large urban centers, made up of a metropolis and adjacent areas of influence. In general, one or several cities are polarizing centers which inspire a name to the metropolitan area as the most important component of the city. The human pressure may be analyzed using anthropic pressure indices. They are calculated according to the relation between the surfaces with different types of occupation and the number of population overlapping such occupied areas. The data used in calculations may be found in official statistics and in international environmental monitoring programs. Such program is Copernicus which provides the Corine Land Cover data relating to use of land in Europe. To calculate and analyze anthropic pressure indices one may use GIS applications which process the Corine Land Cover data and create maps that expose changes occurred at visual level.","PeriodicalId":250092,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124784259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1515/avutgs-2017-0017
Saifullah Khan, Mahmood Ul Hasan
Abstract Evapotranspiration is the main element of aridity and desertification and to balance the natural hydrological processes. Pakistan has a high degree of evapotranspiration, as it is in subtropical belt, with long sunshine duration and low cloudiness in summers. June is the warmest month, when the evapotranspiration exceeds 7mm (0.28inches), whereas, January is the coldest month, when evapotranspiration of the country falls to 1mm (0.04inches). The maximum evapotranspiration has been recorded at the southern latitudes of the country (Hyderabad and Jacobabad), while it decreases towards northwest (mountainous region) and Gilgit-Baltistan (Astore and Skardu). This variation in evapotranspiration is due to fluctuation in temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, wind speed, relative humidity, physical relief and latitudinal as well as altitudinal extend of the country. The average evapotranspiration of Pakistan is 4.5mm with an increase of 1.0mm during 1931-2015. In winter and summer season, the lower Indus basin, has recorded high evapotranspiration as compared to the northern mountainous region. The average evapotranspiration of Pakistan during winter season is 2.7mm, while in summer it is 6.3mm. This variation is due to the variation in the length of day and night, humidity, precipitation, surface pressure, wind speed, and topography of the land. During cold season the average evapotranspiration of the country is 13.7mm, pre-monsoon season 17.1mm, monsoon season 15.8mm and post monsoon season 8mm. Obviously, the highest evapotranspiration of Pakistan has recorded during pre-monsoon season with extreme temperature, scarce precipitation, long sunshine duration, lowest relative humidity, low pressure, and calm winds and chilly condition. Furthermore, during cold (0.1mm), pre-monsoon (3.5mm), and monsoon season (2.2mm) the evapotranspiration shows an increase, where as it reveals a negative deviation of -5.6mm in post monsoon season due to increase in the precipitation from reversible monsoon lows at the southern latitudes of the country. Generally, the evapotranspiration of Pakistan increases from northwest to southeast and a main agent of delimitation of the arid region of the country. The main factors that cause variation in the evapotranspiration of the country from south towards north are temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, relative humidity, surface pressure, wind speed, fogs, cloudiness, topography, latitudinal and altitudinal extend of the country that required further research.
{"title":"Evapotranspiration Distribution and Variation of Pakistan (1931-2015)","authors":"Saifullah Khan, Mahmood Ul Hasan","doi":"10.1515/avutgs-2017-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2017-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Evapotranspiration is the main element of aridity and desertification and to balance the natural hydrological processes. Pakistan has a high degree of evapotranspiration, as it is in subtropical belt, with long sunshine duration and low cloudiness in summers. June is the warmest month, when the evapotranspiration exceeds 7mm (0.28inches), whereas, January is the coldest month, when evapotranspiration of the country falls to 1mm (0.04inches). The maximum evapotranspiration has been recorded at the southern latitudes of the country (Hyderabad and Jacobabad), while it decreases towards northwest (mountainous region) and Gilgit-Baltistan (Astore and Skardu). This variation in evapotranspiration is due to fluctuation in temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, wind speed, relative humidity, physical relief and latitudinal as well as altitudinal extend of the country. The average evapotranspiration of Pakistan is 4.5mm with an increase of 1.0mm during 1931-2015. In winter and summer season, the lower Indus basin, has recorded high evapotranspiration as compared to the northern mountainous region. The average evapotranspiration of Pakistan during winter season is 2.7mm, while in summer it is 6.3mm. This variation is due to the variation in the length of day and night, humidity, precipitation, surface pressure, wind speed, and topography of the land. During cold season the average evapotranspiration of the country is 13.7mm, pre-monsoon season 17.1mm, monsoon season 15.8mm and post monsoon season 8mm. Obviously, the highest evapotranspiration of Pakistan has recorded during pre-monsoon season with extreme temperature, scarce precipitation, long sunshine duration, lowest relative humidity, low pressure, and calm winds and chilly condition. Furthermore, during cold (0.1mm), pre-monsoon (3.5mm), and monsoon season (2.2mm) the evapotranspiration shows an increase, where as it reveals a negative deviation of -5.6mm in post monsoon season due to increase in the precipitation from reversible monsoon lows at the southern latitudes of the country. Generally, the evapotranspiration of Pakistan increases from northwest to southeast and a main agent of delimitation of the arid region of the country. The main factors that cause variation in the evapotranspiration of the country from south towards north are temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, relative humidity, surface pressure, wind speed, fogs, cloudiness, topography, latitudinal and altitudinal extend of the country that required further research.","PeriodicalId":250092,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132174662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.1515/avutgs-2017-0001
Tetiana Bauzha, L. Gorbachova
Abstract In the last decades, according to researches of scientists of the world becomes more evident that the global and regional climate changes impact on the water regime of rivers and leads to break of the stationarity of observations series. In this study we analysed the long-term (since the beginning of the observations to 2012) average annual flow of the Southern Buh River Basin (37 gauging stations) and its cyclical fluctuations during a long period of time. The methodological approaches based on the using of hydro-genetic methods for estimation the homogeneity and stationarity of hydrological series were used. We researched that series of observations are homogeneous and stationary. However, not all series of observations were representative for determination of the stable average value. The presented results illustrate that the long-term fluctuations of the average annual flow at all gauging stations is synchronous. Therefore, the climatic conditions of the flow formation are homogeneous. However, these fluctuations are not always synchronous phase. We found out that the average annual flow in this basin fluctuates and has decreasing trend in the last decade. It is due to cyclical fluctuations of the river flow. We calculated the statistical parameters for all gauging stations.
{"title":"The Features of the Cyclical Fluctuations, Homogeneity and Stationarity of the Average Annual Flow of the Southern Buh River Basin","authors":"Tetiana Bauzha, L. Gorbachova","doi":"10.1515/avutgs-2017-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2017-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the last decades, according to researches of scientists of the world becomes more evident that the global and regional climate changes impact on the water regime of rivers and leads to break of the stationarity of observations series. In this study we analysed the long-term (since the beginning of the observations to 2012) average annual flow of the Southern Buh River Basin (37 gauging stations) and its cyclical fluctuations during a long period of time. The methodological approaches based on the using of hydro-genetic methods for estimation the homogeneity and stationarity of hydrological series were used. We researched that series of observations are homogeneous and stationary. However, not all series of observations were representative for determination of the stable average value. The presented results illustrate that the long-term fluctuations of the average annual flow at all gauging stations is synchronous. Therefore, the climatic conditions of the flow formation are homogeneous. However, these fluctuations are not always synchronous phase. We found out that the average annual flow in this basin fluctuates and has decreasing trend in the last decade. It is due to cyclical fluctuations of the river flow. We calculated the statistical parameters for all gauging stations.","PeriodicalId":250092,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114794474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.1515/avutgs-2017-0005
R. Voicu, P. Baki
Abstract Retis (dam Retis), hydro-technical development like many other transverse hydraulic structures cancel the longitudinal connectivity of Hârtibaciu water course, blocking the migration of different (migrating) species of fish in the river. Also, the lateral connectivity was heavily affected on this water course at a rate of 60%. Therefore, proposing engineering solutions to recover both (lateral and longitudinal) types of connectivity is vital to restore the local ecobiom. The purpose of this article is to establish longitudinal connectivity through an engineering solution that facilitates the fish migration upstream - downstream of Retis dam. This paper proposes an engineered fish passage solution for Retiș Dam on the Hârtibaciu River, using the criteria described in the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC document. Anthropogenic barriers located in the Hârtibaciu River disrupt and delay movement of local fish fauna including: Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782), Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758), Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758), Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782), Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758), Romanogobio kessleri (Dybowski, 1862), Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758), Barbus meridionalis Risso, 1827 Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758, Cobitis romanica (Băcescu, 1943), and Cobitis aurata (De Filippi, 1863).
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