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QoE Evaluation Based on QoS and QoBiz Parameters Applied to an OTT Service 基于QoS和QoBiz参数的QoS评价在OTT服务中的应用
Pub Date : 2015-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICWS.2015.86
Diego Rivera, N. Kushik, C. Fuenzalida, A. Cavalli, N. Yevtushenko
In this paper, we present a framework for evaluating the QoE of a service that includes functional and non-functional service requirements. Non-functional requirements are classified into objective, subjective, and business parameters that affect Quality of Service (QoS), Quality of Experience (QoE), and Quality of Business (QoBiz), correspondingly. As those metrics have a strong dependency between each other, we discuss how the QoE of a web-based Over-The-Top service (OTT) can be evaluated taking into account subjective, objective and business parameters. The functional service behavior is described by an Extended Finite State Machine (EFSM) in which non-functional objective, subjective and business-related parameters are tracked using context variables and corresponding updating functions. These parameters are used to evaluate the QoE of the service. We show that the corresponding model allows to keep a track of a user-service interaction. Moreover, the model of the service integrates subjective, objective and business parameters, and thus, can be applied to the QoE evaluation of any OTT service.
在本文中,我们提供了一个框架,用于评估包含功能和非功能服务需求的服务的QoE。非功能需求被分为客观、主观和业务参数,它们会相应地影响服务质量(QoS)、体验质量(QoE)和业务质量(QoBiz)。由于这些指标之间有很强的依赖性,我们将讨论如何在考虑主观、客观和业务参数的情况下评估基于web的OTT服务的QoE。功能性服务行为由扩展有限状态机(EFSM)描述,其中使用上下文变量和相应的更新函数跟踪非功能性目标、主观和业务相关参数。这些参数用于评估服务的QoE。我们展示了相应的模型允许跟踪用户-服务交互。此外,该服务模型集成了主观、客观和业务参数,因此可以应用于任何OTT服务的QoE评价。
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引用次数: 8
A QoS and Trust Prediction Framework for Context-Aware Composed Distributed Systems 上下文感知组合分布式系统的QoS和信任预测框架
Pub Date : 2015-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICWS.2015.16
Dimuthu Gamage, Lahiru S. Gallege, R. Raje
The emergence of ubiquitous computing, and the wide adoption of smart phones over the past few years require many Web services to function in a context-aware manner. In such services, not only the functional attributes, but also the QoS attributes (e.g., Response time and availability) also depend on the context of the service. Trust (i.e., The degree of compliance of a service to its specification) and the QoS evaluation of a service and a system composed of such services should also consider these context dependencies. Our work proposes a model that uses such context-QoS dependency information of individual services and inter-service interaction patterns to get predictions for the QoS and trust of service compositions at the design phase. The predictions can be used to make better design and implementation decisions of composed systems in early phases of the software lifecycle thereby reducing cost, time and effort. The preliminary results show that the proposed framework provides more accurate predictions than the prevalent approaches.
在过去几年中,无处不在的计算的出现和智能电话的广泛采用要求许多Web服务以上下文感知的方式工作。在这样的服务中,不仅功能属性,而且QoS属性(例如,响应时间和可用性)也依赖于服务的上下文。信任(即服务对其规范的遵从程度)以及服务和由此类服务组成的系统的QoS评估也应该考虑这些上下文依赖关系。我们的工作提出了一个模型,该模型使用单个服务的上下文-QoS依赖信息和服务间交互模式来获得设计阶段服务组合的QoS和信任的预测。这些预测可用于在软件生命周期的早期阶段对组合系统做出更好的设计和实现决策,从而减少成本、时间和工作。初步结果表明,该框架提供了比现有方法更准确的预测。
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引用次数: 5
Designing Large Scale REST APIs Based on REST Chart 基于REST图的大规模REST api设计
Pub Date : 2015-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICWS.2015.89
Li Li, W. Chou
REST Chart is a Petri-Net based XML modeling framework for REST API. This paper presents two important enhancements and extensions to REST Chart modeling - Hyperlink Decoration and Hierarchical REST Chart. In particular, the proposed Hyperlink Decoration decomposes resource connections from resource representation, such that hyperlinks can be defined independently of schemas. This allows a Navigation-First Design by which the important global connections of a REST API can be designed first and reused before the local resource representations are implemented and specified. Hierarchical REST Chart is a powerful mechanism to rapidly decompose and extend a REST API in several dimensions based on Hyperlink Decoration. These new mechanisms can be used to manage the complexities in large scale REST APIs that undergo frequent changes as in some large scale open source development projects. This paper shows that these new capabilities can fit nicely in the REST Chart XML with very minor syntax changes. These enhancements to REST Chart are applied successfully in designing and verifying REST APIs for software-defined-networking (SDN) and Cloud computing.
REST Chart是一个基于Petri-Net的REST API XML建模框架。本文提出了对REST图建模的两个重要增强和扩展——超链接修饰和分层REST图。特别地,建议的超链接装饰将资源连接从资源表示中分解,这样就可以独立于模式定义超链接。这允许导航优先设计,通过这种设计,可以首先设计REST API的重要全局连接,并在实现和指定本地资源表示之前重用它们。分层REST图是一种强大的机制,可以基于超链接装饰在多个维度上快速分解和扩展REST API。这些新机制可用于管理大型REST api中的复杂性,这些api在一些大型开源开发项目中经常发生变化。本文表明,这些新功能可以很好地适应REST Chart XML,只需对语法进行很小的更改。这些对REST图的增强成功地应用于设计和验证软件定义网络(SDN)和云计算的REST api。
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引用次数: 9
A Learning Approach to the Prediction of Reliability Ranking for Web Services Web服务可靠性排序预测的学习方法
Pub Date : 2015-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICWS.2015.32
Wei Xiong, Bing Li, Xiaohui Cui, Yutao Ma, Rong Yang, Peng He
Service computing is a popular development paradigm in information technology. The functional properties of Web services assure correct functionality of cloud applications, while the nonfunctional properties such as reliability might significantly influence the user-perceived availability evaluation. Reliability rankings provide valuable information for making optimal cloud service selection from a set of functionally-equivalent candidate services. There existed several approaches that can conduct reliability ranking prediction for Web services. Those approaches acquire different rankings with different preference functions. It is arduous to determine whether there exists the best one in them, and what is the best one if not. This paper proposes a learning approach to reliability ranking prediction for Web services which utilizes past service invocation logs to train preference function. To validate the proposed approach, large-scale experiments are conducted based on a real-world Web service dataset, WSDream. The results show that our proposed approach achieves higher prediction accuracy than the existing approaches.
服务计算是信息技术中流行的一种开发范式。Web服务的功能属性确保了云应用程序的正确功能,而可靠性等非功能属性可能会严重影响用户感知的可用性评估。可靠性排名为从一组功能等效的候选服务中进行最佳云服务选择提供了有价值的信息。目前已有几种方法可以对Web服务进行可靠性排序预测。这些方法在不同的偏好函数下获得不同的排名。很难确定他们中是否存在最好的人,如果没有,什么是最好的人。本文提出了一种利用过去服务调用日志训练偏好函数的Web服务可靠性排序预测学习方法。为了验证所提出的方法,基于真实的Web服务数据集WSDream进行了大规模实验。结果表明,该方法比现有方法具有更高的预测精度。
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引用次数: 0
Time-Aware API Popularity Prediction via Heterogeneous Features 基于异构特性的时间感知API流行度预测
Pub Date : 2015-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICWS.2015.63
Yao Wan, Liang Chen, Jian Wu, Qi Yu
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), which are emerging web services in general, are increasing with a rapid speed in recent years. With so many APIs, many management platforms have been developed and deployed, leading to the boom of API markets, that are similar to the mobile App markets. Meanwhile, it has become more and more difficult to select and manage APIs. In reality, most existing management platforms typically recommend currently popular APIs to developers. However, the fact that popularity of API varies over time is ignored in those platforms, leading to the difficulty of recommending APIs that are just released but may be popular in the near future. To tackle this challenge, an approach of predicting the popularity of APIs is proposed in this paper. Predicting the popularity of API can not only be used for API ranking, recommendation and selection, but also make it more convenient for API providers and consumers to manage or select API respectively. In this paper, we propose a time-aware linear model to predict the API popularity, using time series feature of APIs and API's self-features such as its' provider ranking and description features, which are called heterogeneous features in our paper. Comprehensive experiments have been conducted on a real-world Programmable Web dataset with 613 real APIs. The experimental results show that our model has a better performance, when compared with some other state-of-the-art prediction models.
应用程序编程接口(api)是一种新兴的web服务,近年来发展迅速。有了如此多的API,许多管理平台被开发和部署,导致API市场的繁荣,类似于移动应用程序市场。同时,api的选择和管理也变得越来越困难。实际上,大多数现有的管理平台通常会向开发人员推荐当前流行的api。然而,这些平台忽略了API受欢迎程度随时间变化的事实,导致难以推荐刚刚发布但可能在不久的将来流行的API。为了应对这一挑战,本文提出了一种预测api流行程度的方法。预测API的流行程度不仅可以用于API的排名、推荐和选择,还可以方便API提供者和消费者分别管理或选择API。在本文中,我们提出了一个时间感知的线性模型来预测API的流行程度,利用API的时间序列特征和API的自身特征(如其提供商排名和描述特征),本文将其称为异构特征。在一个具有613个真实api的真实可编程Web数据集上进行了全面的实验。实验结果表明,与现有的预测模型相比,该模型具有更好的性能。
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引用次数: 4
A Privacy-Preserving Framework for Constrained Choreographed Service Composition 约束编排服务组合的隐私保护框架
Pub Date : 2015-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICWS.2015.48
B. Carminati, E. Ferrari, N. Tran
One of the major goals of Web services is to make easier their composition to form more complex services, modeled as workflows. A key role in the Web services composition is the selection of a proper service for each activity in the workflow. In general, this requires the exchange of sensitive information of users, requiring the composition, as well as of involved service providers. So far this problem has been investigated in the setting of orchestrated service composition, under the assumption of the presence of a broker coordinating the composition. However, a promising alternative approach is the one of choreography, where each service involved in the service composition has to locally manage service selection and invocation. In this paper, we propose a framework to enforce user and provider requirements in the scenario of service choreography in a privacy-preserving way, that is, without the releasing of any private information of users and providers. To achieve this result we make use of different privacy-preserving protocols. As it will be shown in the paper, the proposed solution does not implies relevant overhead.
Web服务的主要目标之一是简化它们的组合,以形成更复杂的服务,建模为工作流。Web服务组合中的一个关键角色是为工作流中的每个活动选择适当的服务。一般来说,这需要交换用户的敏感信息,要求组合,以及所涉及的服务提供者。到目前为止,这个问题已经在编排服务组合的设置中进行了研究,假设存在一个协调组合的代理。然而,一种很有前途的替代方法是编排,其中服务组合中涉及的每个服务都必须本地管理服务选择和调用。在本文中,我们提出了一个框架,以保护隐私的方式在服务编排场景中强制执行用户和提供者的需求,即不释放用户和提供者的任何隐私信息。为了达到这个结果,我们使用了不同的隐私保护协议。正如将在本文中显示的那样,建议的解决方案并不意味着相关的开销。
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引用次数: 13
A Risk-Evaluation Assisted System for Service Selection 一种风险评估辅助服务选择系统
Pub Date : 2015-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICWS.2015.94
Ennan Zhai, Liang Gu, Yumei Hai
With the rapid adoption of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), increasingly more application-level services are developed through composing service components offered by different service providers. While such application development mode offers advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness and flexibility, application developers cannot understand or deal with risks potentially resulting from vulnerabilities within composed services due to non-transparency of the service providers. Furthermore, some of the vulnerabilities in practice are deeply hidden in dependency structures underlying composed services, thus making even the service providers fail to know the vulnerabilities. This paper proposes a risk-evaluation assisted service selection system, called Risk Evaluation-as-a-Service(or REaaS), which aims to assist application developers to understand vulnerability risks hidden within alternative services when the developers at first attempt to adopt their applications. In particular, for a given application developer's service selection requirement, REaaS produces a ranking list based upon vulnerability risks of alternative services to serve as a guideline regarding which service has the lowest potential risks (e.g., Bugs) for this application deployment. REaaS achieves this goal through the following three steps: 1) generating a package dependency graph for each alternative service, 2) assigning threat-degrees to packages in each dependency graph, and 3) analyzing each dependency graph and evaluating service-risk of each service. We have built a REaaS prototype and used real case study to demonstrate the practicality of REaaS.
随着面向服务的体系结构(SOA)的快速采用,越来越多的应用程序级服务是通过组合由不同服务提供者提供的服务组件来开发的。虽然这种应用程序开发模式在成本效益和灵活性方面具有优势,但由于服务提供者的不透明性,应用程序开发人员无法理解或处理组合服务中的漏洞可能导致的风险。此外,在实践中,一些漏洞被深深隐藏在组合服务底层的依赖结构中,从而使服务提供者也不知道这些漏洞。本文提出了一种风险评估辅助服务选择系统,称为风险评估即服务(Risk Evaluation-as-a-Service, REaaS),该系统旨在帮助应用开发者在首次尝试采用其应用时了解隐藏在备选服务中的漏洞风险。特别是,对于给定的应用程序开发人员的服务选择需求,REaaS根据可选服务的漏洞风险生成一个排名列表,作为该应用程序部署中哪个服务具有最低潜在风险(例如,bug)的指导方针。REaaS通过以下三个步骤实现这一目标:1)为每个备选服务生成包依赖图,2)为每个依赖图中的包分配威胁程度,以及3)分析每个依赖图并评估每个服务的服务风险。我们构建了一个REaaS原型,并使用实际案例研究来演示REaaS的实用性。
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引用次数: 6
Location Analytics as a Service: Providing Insights for Heterogeneous Spatiotemporal Data 位置分析作为一种服务:为异构时空数据提供见解
Pub Date : 2015-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICWS.2015.114
B. Deva, Peter Ruppel
The increasing availability of positioning data from mobile devices facilitates new opportunities for location analytics systems, which provide insights into the movement behavior of targets across various localities. Similar to web analytics systems, positioning data can be utilized to count, for example, returning visitors in venues, calculate visit frequencies for certain time intervals, or to identify typical movement paths for different groups of visitors inside and outside buildings. However, a major challenge for location analytics is still to deal with the heterogeneity of data from various positioning systems. In thispaper we present a platform that enables location analytics as a service and copes with the heterogeneous spatiotemporal data of diverse accuracy, frequency, and coverage. Furthermore, it allows to query large positioning datasets according to various data dimensions and metrics. In an additional four-month field trial the applicability of our approach was reviewed using the example of WLAN positioning data from an office environment.
来自移动设备的定位数据越来越多,为位置分析系统提供了新的机会,可以深入了解目标在不同地点的运动行为。与网络分析系统类似,定位数据可以用于统计场地的回访人数,计算特定时间间隔内的访问频率,或者确定建筑物内外不同人群的典型移动路径。然而,位置分析的一个主要挑战仍然是处理来自不同定位系统的数据的异质性。在本文中,我们提出了一个平台,使位置分析成为一种服务,并处理不同精度、频率和覆盖范围的异构时空数据。此外,它还允许根据不同的数据维度和度量查询大型定位数据集。在另外一个为期四个月的现场试验中,使用来自办公环境的WLAN定位数据示例审查了我们方法的适用性。
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引用次数: 8
Intelligent Push Notification for Converged Mobile Computing and Internet of Things 面向移动计算与物联网融合的智能推送通知
Pub Date : 2015-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICWS.2015.92
Zhaotai Pan, X. Liang, Yu Chen Zhou, Y. Ge, G. Zhao
Push notification is an important approach to distribute interesting information to users timely. With the fast development of mobile devices and mobile applications, push notification is getting more and more popular. The convergence of mobile and IoT also bring new challenges on how the system can handle the mixed push channels designed for M2M communication and human interaction, and enable the effective interaction with both human and IoT devices involved. IoT devices may push notifications of sensor data in a high frequency. To enable push notification for both of mobile devices and IoT devices, the push notification system is required to achieve high throughput to handle the frequent notifications, and support content matching to filter out the undesired notifications. To enable effective push notification with both human and IoT devices involved, the system is required to understand the users' interests for notifications with the IoT devices providing the users' contexts. That is to say users need an intelligent push notification system. In this paper we propose a high performance context-aware push notification system for the converged mobile and IoT messaging. We designed high performance content matching engine as the core to enable efficient message dispatching for push notification according to highly personalized interest to ensure IoT messages to be involved in push notification. A user's interest of notifications is highly related with his context. Therefore, based on the content-matching engine, a framework for efficient context information fusion is built to support various types of context-aware push notification, towards intelligent push notification. Also we designed shared connection scheme to reduce the resource cost. Based on the content-match engine and context-aware features, the proposed push notification service can support both of group push notification and bi-directional push notification. Tests are conducted for performance evaluation.
推送通知是将用户感兴趣的信息及时传播给用户的重要手段。随着移动设备和移动应用的快速发展,推送通知越来越受欢迎。移动与物联网的融合也为系统如何处理为M2M通信和人机交互设计的混合推送通道,以及如何实现与所涉及的人和物联网设备的有效交互带来了新的挑战。物联网设备可以高频推送传感器数据通知。为了同时支持移动设备和物联网设备的推送通知,要求推送通知系统实现高吞吐量以处理频繁的通知,并支持内容匹配以过滤掉不需要的通知。为了在涉及人和物联网设备的情况下实现有效的推送通知,系统需要了解用户对提供用户上下文的物联网设备的通知的兴趣。也就是说,用户需要一个智能的推送通知系统。在本文中,我们提出了一种高性能的上下文感知推送通知系统,用于融合移动和物联网消息。我们以高性能内容匹配引擎为核心,根据高度个性化的兴趣,实现推送通知的高效消息调度,确保物联网消息参与到推送通知中。用户对通知的兴趣与其上下文高度相关。因此,在内容匹配引擎的基础上,构建高效的上下文信息融合框架,支持各种类型的上下文感知推送通知,实现智能推送通知。设计了共享连接方案,降低了资源成本。基于内容匹配引擎和上下文感知特性,提出的推送通知服务可以同时支持群组推送通知和双向推送通知。进行测试是为了评估性能。
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引用次数: 15
Personal Preference and Trade-Off Based Additive Manufacturing Web Service Selection 基于个人偏好和权衡的增材制造网络服务选择
Pub Date : 2015-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICWS.2015.65
V. P. Modekurthy, K. K. Fletcher, Xiaoqing Frank Liu, M. Leu
The growing number of Additive Manufacturing Web (AMW) services, offered by different providers over the Internet, makes it challenging for consumers to compare these AMW services to select a service of their choice. In addition, it is even more challenging for consumers to compare these AMW services against their personal preferences. This is because, consumers personal preferences on multiple non-functional attributes such as price, material, accuracy and schedule, should be considered for AMW service selection. The decentralized nature of AMW services coupled by the need to consider consumers personal preferences during AMW service selection, requires a system that will serve as a broker between AMW services and consumers. In this paper, we propose a service broker system for AMW services that provides consumers with a single point of access to a large number of AMW services from many additive manufacturing service providers. This broker system also incorporates the first real application of service selection with fuzzy logic based personalized preferences and trade-off. We develop a method to generate fuzzy membership functions for each non-functional attribute. This makes it easy for consumers to specify their fuzzy membership functions. Finally, we present an application case study to demonstrate the feasibility of brokerage in AMW services and also evaluate our method in terms of performance.
不同供应商在互联网上提供的增材制造网络(AMW)服务越来越多,这使得消费者很难对这些增材制造网络服务进行比较,从而选择他们所选择的服务。此外,对于消费者来说,将这些AMW服务与他们的个人偏好进行比较更具挑战性。这是因为,在选择AMW服务时,应考虑消费者对价格、材料、精度和进度等多个非功能属性的个人偏好。AMW服务的分散性,加上在AMW服务选择过程中需要考虑消费者的个人偏好,需要一个系统作为AMW服务和消费者之间的代理。在本文中,我们提出了一种用于增材制造服务的服务代理系统,该系统为消费者提供了对来自许多增材制造服务提供商的大量增材制造服务的单点访问。该代理系统还结合了基于个性化偏好和权衡的模糊逻辑的服务选择的第一个实际应用。我们开发了一种方法来生成每个非功能属性的模糊隶属函数。这使得消费者可以很容易地指定他们的模糊隶属函数。最后,我们提出了一个应用案例研究,以证明经纪在AMW服务中的可行性,并从性能方面评估我们的方法。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2015 IEEE International Conference on Web Services
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