Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch004
Matthew Charles Edwards
Twenty-first century politics has been marked by breaks with tradition across large areas of the world. Allegiances have broken down, and surprising results have occurred: the Brexit vote; the rise of movements of the left in Greece and the right in France, Austria, and Germany; and the success or near-success of outsider candidates. Much of this has been labeled ‘populist'. But, by itself, this explains little. The term is complex, contested, and possibly confused. This dissertation sets out why this is so, clarifies some of the competing elements within the various conceptions, and explores some of the reasons that may underlie dispute. It applies these ideas to reports and assessments of the electoral campaigns waged by Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders for the US presidency, concluding on the utility of different conceptualisations of ‘populism'.
{"title":"Trump, Sanders, and the Essential Contest Over “Populism”","authors":"Matthew Charles Edwards","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch004","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-first century politics has been marked by breaks with tradition across large areas of the world. Allegiances have broken down, and surprising results have occurred: the Brexit vote; the rise of movements of the left in Greece and the right in France, Austria, and Germany; and the success or near-success of outsider candidates. Much of this has been labeled ‘populist'. But, by itself, this explains little. The term is complex, contested, and possibly confused. This dissertation sets out why this is so, clarifies some of the competing elements within the various conceptions, and explores some of the reasons that may underlie dispute. It applies these ideas to reports and assessments of the electoral campaigns waged by Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders for the US presidency, concluding on the utility of different conceptualisations of ‘populism'.","PeriodicalId":251020,"journal":{"name":"Analyzing Current and Future Global Trends in Populism","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123908253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch001
R. Nakatsu
This chapter will clarify that the recent spread of populism is based on the fact that logical and emotional thinking/behaving are merging, especially in the West. In the West since the era of Greek philosopher Plato, people have tried to separate logic and emotion and have emphasized the superiority of logic to emotion. However, because of the invention and progress of media technologies, recently people's ways of thinking/behaving are becoming emotional. Therefore, the trend of populism could be understood that the people's ways of thinking/behaving in the West are approaching those in Asia. This phenomenon can be called “Asianization.” This means that populism is not a temporal trend but a long-time lasting trend. Also, this chapter will describe how to overcome populism.
{"title":"Populism and Asianization","authors":"R. Nakatsu","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter will clarify that the recent spread of populism is based on the fact that logical and emotional thinking/behaving are merging, especially in the West. In the West since the era of Greek philosopher Plato, people have tried to separate logic and emotion and have emphasized the superiority of logic to emotion. However, because of the invention and progress of media technologies, recently people's ways of thinking/behaving are becoming emotional. Therefore, the trend of populism could be understood that the people's ways of thinking/behaving in the West are approaching those in Asia. This phenomenon can be called “Asianization.” This means that populism is not a temporal trend but a long-time lasting trend. Also, this chapter will describe how to overcome populism.","PeriodicalId":251020,"journal":{"name":"Analyzing Current and Future Global Trends in Populism","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124546306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch006
Li-meng Yan, A. Cheok
Two possibilities should be considered for the origin of SARS-CoV-2: natural evolution or laboratory creation. In the authors' earlier report titled “Unusual Features of the SARS-CoV-2 Genome Suggesting Sophisticated Laboratory Modification Rather Than Natural Evolution and Delineation of Its Probable Synthetic Route,” they disproved the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 arising naturally through evolution and instead proved that SARS-CoV-2 must have been a product of laboratory modification. Despite this and similar efforts, the laboratory creation theory continues to be downplayed or even diminished. This is fundamentally because the natural origin theory remains supported by several novel coronaviruses published after the start of the outbreak. Here, however, the authors use in-depth analyses of the available data and literature to prove that these novel animal coronaviruses do not exist in nature.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Is a Robot Bioweapon","authors":"Li-meng Yan, A. Cheok","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"Two possibilities should be considered for the origin of SARS-CoV-2: natural evolution or laboratory creation. In the authors' earlier report titled “Unusual Features of the SARS-CoV-2 Genome Suggesting Sophisticated Laboratory Modification Rather Than Natural Evolution and Delineation of Its Probable Synthetic Route,” they disproved the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 arising naturally through evolution and instead proved that SARS-CoV-2 must have been a product of laboratory modification. Despite this and similar efforts, the laboratory creation theory continues to be downplayed or even diminished. This is fundamentally because the natural origin theory remains supported by several novel coronaviruses published after the start of the outbreak. Here, however, the authors use in-depth analyses of the available data and literature to prove that these novel animal coronaviruses do not exist in nature.","PeriodicalId":251020,"journal":{"name":"Analyzing Current and Future Global Trends in Populism","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126968061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch002
O. L. Chukwu
This chapter takes a critical look at the changes in the global economic policies within the new neoliberal paradigm. It highlights the relevant literature, starting with its evolutionary academic understanding, the notion of neoliberalism as an economic development model and a political imposition, and finally, the literature focused on its transformational abilities across sectors and boundaries. Such contribution to knowledge would have implications not just for developing nations but policy makers active within the space. Overall, the chapter provides a disaggregated understanding of the current international structure, particularly in light of the new wave of populist movements.
{"title":"Neoliberalism in the Age of Populism","authors":"O. L. Chukwu","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter takes a critical look at the changes in the global economic policies within the new neoliberal paradigm. It highlights the relevant literature, starting with its evolutionary academic understanding, the notion of neoliberalism as an economic development model and a political imposition, and finally, the literature focused on its transformational abilities across sectors and boundaries. Such contribution to knowledge would have implications not just for developing nations but policy makers active within the space. Overall, the chapter provides a disaggregated understanding of the current international structure, particularly in light of the new wave of populist movements.","PeriodicalId":251020,"journal":{"name":"Analyzing Current and Future Global Trends in Populism","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121737092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch003
Maxwell Pearson
The rising tide of populism in the 21st century brings about new challenges to an age-old problem in politics. Among them is to identify and understand the symptoms and causes of populism in the modern era. As a political approach which holds”the forgotten man and women” as a morally good force against the perceived corrupt and self-serving “establishment,” this chapter analyzes the populist phenomenon and how it can bring about dividends, not just constraints. This chapter ends by recommending policy-makers to re-think and re-adjust global institutions to be more inclusive, to enhance their nations' cybersecurity measures, and to promote free speech. Overall, populism is a signal that something is inherently wrong in today's global society. Rather than turning a blind eye to the issue, leaders should take a hard look at the facts and understand that there are genuine grievances that have to be identified and solved in building a just and equitable new world order. We can only ignore populism at our peril.
{"title":"The Rising Tide of Populism and Its Implications to Global Governance in the 21st Century","authors":"Maxwell Pearson","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch003","url":null,"abstract":"The rising tide of populism in the 21st century brings about new challenges to an age-old problem in politics. Among them is to identify and understand the symptoms and causes of populism in the modern era. As a political approach which holds”the forgotten man and women” as a morally good force against the perceived corrupt and self-serving “establishment,” this chapter analyzes the populist phenomenon and how it can bring about dividends, not just constraints. This chapter ends by recommending policy-makers to re-think and re-adjust global institutions to be more inclusive, to enhance their nations' cybersecurity measures, and to promote free speech. Overall, populism is a signal that something is inherently wrong in today's global society. Rather than turning a blind eye to the issue, leaders should take a hard look at the facts and understand that there are genuine grievances that have to be identified and solved in building a just and equitable new world order. We can only ignore populism at our peril.","PeriodicalId":251020,"journal":{"name":"Analyzing Current and Future Global Trends in Populism","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133873789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch007
E. Y. Zhang
With advances in HCI and AI, and increasing prevalence of commercial social robots and chatbots, humans are communicating with computer interfaces for various applications in a wide range of settings. Kissenger is designed to bring HCI to the populist masses. In order to investigate the role of robotic kissing using the Kissenger device in HCI, the authors conducted a modified version of the imitation game described by Alan Turing by including the use of the kissing machine. Results show that robotic kissing has no effect on the winning rates of the male and female players during human-human communication, but it increases the winning rate of the female player when a chatbot is involved in the game.
{"title":"Populist Human-Computer Interface","authors":"E. Y. Zhang","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch007","url":null,"abstract":"With advances in HCI and AI, and increasing prevalence of commercial social robots and chatbots, humans are communicating with computer interfaces for various applications in a wide range of settings. Kissenger is designed to bring HCI to the populist masses. In order to investigate the role of robotic kissing using the Kissenger device in HCI, the authors conducted a modified version of the imitation game described by Alan Turing by including the use of the kissing machine. Results show that robotic kissing has no effect on the winning rates of the male and female players during human-human communication, but it increases the winning rate of the female player when a chatbot is involved in the game.","PeriodicalId":251020,"journal":{"name":"Analyzing Current and Future Global Trends in Populism","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129318664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch005
Li-meng Yan, A. Cheok
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has led to deaths worldwide and decimation of the global economy. Despite its tremendous impact, the origin of SARS-CoV-2 has remained mysterious and controversial. The natural origin theory, although widely accepted, lacks substantial support. The alternative theory that the virus may have come from a research laboratory is, however, censored on peer-reviewed scientific journals. Nonetheless, SARS-CoV-2 shows biological characteristics that are inconsistent with a naturally occurring, zoonotic virus. In this report, the authors describe the genomic, structural, medical, and literature evidence, which, when considered together, strongly contradicts the natural origin theory. The evidence shows that SARS-CoV2 should be a laboratory product created by using bat coronaviruses ZC45 and/or ZXC21 as a template and/or backbone. Building upon the evidence, the authors further postulate a synthetic route for SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating that the lab-creation of this coronavirus is convenient and can be accomplished in approximately six months.
{"title":"Unusual Features of the SARS-CoV-2 Genome Suggesting Sophisticated Laboratory Modification as a Biological Robot","authors":"Li-meng Yan, A. Cheok","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch005","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has led to deaths worldwide and decimation of the global economy. Despite its tremendous impact, the origin of SARS-CoV-2 has remained mysterious and controversial. The natural origin theory, although widely accepted, lacks substantial support. The alternative theory that the virus may have come from a research laboratory is, however, censored on peer-reviewed scientific journals. Nonetheless, SARS-CoV-2 shows biological characteristics that are inconsistent with a naturally occurring, zoonotic virus. In this report, the authors describe the genomic, structural, medical, and literature evidence, which, when considered together, strongly contradicts the natural origin theory. The evidence shows that SARS-CoV2 should be a laboratory product created by using bat coronaviruses ZC45 and/or ZXC21 as a template and/or backbone. Building upon the evidence, the authors further postulate a synthetic route for SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating that the lab-creation of this coronavirus is convenient and can be accomplished in approximately six months.","PeriodicalId":251020,"journal":{"name":"Analyzing Current and Future Global Trends in Populism","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123003799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch008
E. Y. Zhang
Populism has rarely been discussed in the context of robotics. This chapter will explore how intimate relationships, such as love and sex, between human and robots, will bring populism to the populist masses. Intimacy between humans and robots was first raised and discussed by David Levy in his book titled Love and Sex with Robotics published in 2007. As a result, the subject of human-robot romantic and intimate relationships rapidly developed into an academic research discipline in its own right. Since then, researchers have come up with many implementations of robot companions like sex robots, emotional robots, humanoid robots, and artificial intelligent systems that can simulate human emotions. This chapter presents a summary of significant activity in this field during the recent years, predicts how the field is likely to develop, and its ethical and legal background. They also discuss their research in physical devices for human-robot love and sex communication.
{"title":"Populism in Robots","authors":"E. Y. Zhang","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4679-6.ch008","url":null,"abstract":"Populism has rarely been discussed in the context of robotics. This chapter will explore how intimate relationships, such as love and sex, between human and robots, will bring populism to the populist masses. Intimacy between humans and robots was first raised and discussed by David Levy in his book titled Love and Sex with Robotics published in 2007. As a result, the subject of human-robot romantic and intimate relationships rapidly developed into an academic research discipline in its own right. Since then, researchers have come up with many implementations of robot companions like sex robots, emotional robots, humanoid robots, and artificial intelligent systems that can simulate human emotions. This chapter presents a summary of significant activity in this field during the recent years, predicts how the field is likely to develop, and its ethical and legal background. They also discuss their research in physical devices for human-robot love and sex communication.","PeriodicalId":251020,"journal":{"name":"Analyzing Current and Future Global Trends in Populism","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128424906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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