C. Veenstra, S. Kruitwagen, Dafne Groener, Wilma Petersen, W. Steenbergen, Nienke Bosschaart
A decreased hemoglobin concentration (tHb) in blood (anemia) is associated with impaired oxygen delivery to organs, which can result in organ damage and heart failure. Currently, tHb analysis requires invasive methods (e.g. a fingerstick), which are time consuming and cause discomfort to the patient. Using optical spectroscopy, the tHb can be estimated by quantifying light absorption in blood. However, the accuracy of current noninvasive optical techniques for tHb quantification is limited by the background attenuation of skin and the unknown blood volume fraction in the total optical probing volume. Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (sOCT) allows for quantitative measurements of the optical attenuation in a confined measurement volume, potentially enabling non-invasive estimation of the hemoglobin concentration within individual blood vessels. Although multiple studies have shown that sOCT is capable of quantifying localized oxygen saturation, quantification of the tHb has not yet been reported for physiologically relevant concentrations. With a home-built visible-light sOCT system we quantified optical attenuation in the visible wavelength range (450–600nm). Implementation of both zero-delay acquisition and focus tracking optimized system sensitivity and ensured that the measured attenuation is only affected by the attenuation of the sample itself. We validated our method ex-vivo on human whole blood from healthy volunteers (tHb within 12-18 g/dL). The hematocrit was varied to cover the entire pathophysiological range (tHb within 9-21 g/dL) by either dilution with PBS, or plasma removal. Our system quantified the tHb in whole blood throughout the entire pathophysiological range with an accuracy of 10%.
{"title":"Quantificiation of hemoglobin concentrations in whole blood by visible-light spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation)","authors":"C. Veenstra, S. Kruitwagen, Dafne Groener, Wilma Petersen, W. Steenbergen, Nienke Bosschaart","doi":"10.1117/12.2509866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509866","url":null,"abstract":"A decreased hemoglobin concentration (tHb) in blood (anemia) is associated with impaired oxygen delivery to organs, which can result in organ damage and heart failure. Currently, tHb analysis requires invasive methods (e.g. a fingerstick), which are time consuming and cause discomfort to the patient. Using optical spectroscopy, the tHb can be estimated by quantifying light absorption in blood. However, the accuracy of current noninvasive optical techniques for tHb quantification is limited by the background attenuation of skin and the unknown blood volume fraction in the total optical probing volume.\u0000\u0000Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (sOCT) allows for quantitative measurements of the optical attenuation in a confined measurement volume, potentially enabling non-invasive estimation of the hemoglobin concentration within individual blood vessels. Although multiple studies have shown that sOCT is capable of quantifying localized oxygen saturation, quantification of the tHb has not yet been reported for physiologically relevant concentrations.\u0000\u0000With a home-built visible-light sOCT system we quantified optical attenuation in the visible wavelength range (450–600nm). Implementation of both zero-delay acquisition and focus tracking optimized system sensitivity and ensured that the measured attenuation is only affected by the attenuation of the sample itself. \u0000\u0000We validated our method ex-vivo on human whole blood from healthy volunteers (tHb within 12-18 g/dL). The hematocrit was varied to cover the entire pathophysiological range (tHb within 9-21 g/dL) by either dilution with PBS, or plasma removal. Our system quantified the tHb in whole blood throughout the entire pathophysiological range with an accuracy of 10%.","PeriodicalId":252939,"journal":{"name":"Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XIX: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121689934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Greening, S. Bess, Haley M. James, Ariel I. Mundo, Timothy J. Muldoon
Immunotherapy, an emerging field in cancer therapeutics, in colon cancer aims to reduce pre-surgical tumor burden by regulating host immune checkpoints, and when used in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, may improve tumor therapeutic response. One such immune checkpoint is CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1)-mediated recruitment of monocytes, which differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment that promote angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Thus, CCL2 blockade may play an anti-tumor role via effects on tumor perfusion. However, there have been no studies investigating CCL2 blockade immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in an animal model of colon cancer. Furthermore, there is a need to longitudinally assess tumor therapeutic response throughout treatment. In this study, CT26 murine colon carcinoma was injected into the flanks of Balb/c mice (n=80) to form tumor allografts. Mice in the key experimental group received combined chemotherapy (5-flurouracil) and immunotherapy (anti-CCL2), with appropriate controls. Tumor therapeutic response was monitored using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) by measuring the tumor perfusion metrics, hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation. End-point immunohistochemical analysis was used to quantify TAM fraction (CD68 and DAPI), TAM polarization (iNOS and CD206), and hypoxia (pimonidazole) to spatially and temporally correlate to DRS results. The central hypothesis was that decreasing TAMs via CCL2 blockade alters tumor perfusion, thereby increasing tumor response to 5-fluorouracil. This study may potentially demonstrate an effective immunotherapy approach (CCL2 blockade) and a viable method to longitudinally and non-invasively assess tumor therapeutic response to such immunotherapy (DRS) in mouse allograft models of colon cancer.
{"title":"Monitoring therapeutic response of murine tumor allografts of colon carcinoma in response to combined immunotherapy and chemotherapy (Conference Presentation)","authors":"G. Greening, S. Bess, Haley M. James, Ariel I. Mundo, Timothy J. Muldoon","doi":"10.1117/12.2510194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2510194","url":null,"abstract":"Immunotherapy, an emerging field in cancer therapeutics, in colon cancer aims to reduce pre-surgical tumor burden by regulating host immune checkpoints, and when used in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, may improve tumor therapeutic response. One such immune checkpoint is CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1)-mediated recruitment of monocytes, which differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment that promote angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Thus, CCL2 blockade may play an anti-tumor role via effects on tumor perfusion. However, there have been no studies investigating CCL2 blockade immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in an animal model of colon cancer. Furthermore, there is a need to longitudinally assess tumor therapeutic response throughout treatment. In this study, CT26 murine colon carcinoma was injected into the flanks of Balb/c mice (n=80) to form tumor allografts. Mice in the key experimental group received combined chemotherapy (5-flurouracil) and immunotherapy (anti-CCL2), with appropriate controls. Tumor therapeutic response was monitored using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) by measuring the tumor perfusion metrics, hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation. End-point immunohistochemical analysis was used to quantify TAM fraction (CD68 and DAPI), TAM polarization (iNOS and CD206), and hypoxia (pimonidazole) to spatially and temporally correlate to DRS results. The central hypothesis was that decreasing TAMs via CCL2 blockade alters tumor perfusion, thereby increasing tumor response to 5-fluorouracil. This study may potentially demonstrate an effective immunotherapy approach (CCL2 blockade) and a viable method to longitudinally and non-invasively assess tumor therapeutic response to such immunotherapy (DRS) in mouse allograft models of colon cancer.","PeriodicalId":252939,"journal":{"name":"Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XIX: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127524342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaron Smith, Shona Stewart, A. Samiei, A. Bangalore, Heather Gomer, C. Post, P. Treado, Jeffrey A. Cohen
Heart failure (HF) occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet blood and oxygen requirements and is among the most common causes for hospitalization in the United States. A retrospective analysis determined that 22% of HF patients are readmitted within 30 days of release from the hospital, and the costs for readmission are substantial. Measuring the severity of peripheral edema is one method for monitoring the treatment of a HF patient. Pitting peripheral edema is a subjective measure administered by clinicians who create an indentation mid-tibia and observe depth and time to resolve the indentation. The results are graded 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and this information is used in the patient treatment plan. ChemImage is engaged in a clinical study to determine whether Molecular Chemical Imaging (MCI) in the short wave infrared (SWIR) spectral region can provide an objective measure of peripheral edema in HF patients. In this paper, the performance of SWIR MCI for discriminating between healthy volunteers and HF patients with high grade pitting edema will be presented. This technology may provide a non-invasive methodology for quantitative peripheral edema measurement. As the technology matures, it is envisioned patient self-monitoring, with wireless transmission of edema levels while at home, can aid clinicians in monitoring HF patients for necessary treatment changes remotely, to improve patient outcomes, and ultimately, reduce HF hospital readmission rates.
{"title":"Objective determination of heart failure grade using short wave infrared (SWIR) molecular chemical imaging (Conference Presentation)","authors":"Aaron Smith, Shona Stewart, A. Samiei, A. Bangalore, Heather Gomer, C. Post, P. Treado, Jeffrey A. Cohen","doi":"10.1117/12.2509802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509802","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure (HF) occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet blood and oxygen requirements and is among the most common causes for hospitalization in the United States. A retrospective analysis determined that 22% of HF patients are readmitted within 30 days of release from the hospital, and the costs for readmission are substantial. Measuring the severity of peripheral edema is one method for monitoring the treatment of a HF patient. Pitting peripheral edema is a subjective measure administered by clinicians who create an indentation mid-tibia and observe depth and time to resolve the indentation. The results are graded 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and this information is used in the patient treatment plan. ChemImage is engaged in a clinical study to determine whether Molecular Chemical Imaging (MCI) in the short wave infrared (SWIR) spectral region can provide an objective measure of peripheral edema in HF patients. In this paper, the performance of SWIR MCI for discriminating between healthy volunteers and HF patients with high grade pitting edema will be presented. This technology may provide a non-invasive methodology for quantitative peripheral edema measurement. As the technology matures, it is envisioned patient self-monitoring, with wireless transmission of edema levels while at home, can aid clinicians in monitoring HF patients for necessary treatment changes remotely, to improve patient outcomes, and ultimately, reduce HF hospital readmission rates.","PeriodicalId":252939,"journal":{"name":"Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XIX: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126668160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool in biomedical imaging and sensing; however, despite all its undisputed advantages, its intrinsic sensitivity is relatively low, and its specificity is rather limited due to overlapping vibrational bands. Fluorescence background often masks the useful signal, and dark rooms are normally required to avoid an unnecessary background. In this report, we will present our recent efforts on improving reliability and simplicity of deep UV Raman spectroscopy, which provides much improved sensitivity and specificity of detection (for example, we can routinely distinguish Coke® from Diet Coke® in a matter of milliseconds).
{"title":"Coke or Diet Coke? (Conference Presentation)","authors":"V. Yakovlev","doi":"10.1117/12.2510939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2510939","url":null,"abstract":"Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool in biomedical imaging and sensing; however, despite all its undisputed advantages, its intrinsic sensitivity is relatively low, and its specificity is rather limited due to overlapping vibrational bands. Fluorescence background often masks the useful signal, and dark rooms are normally required to avoid an unnecessary background.\u0000\u0000In this report, we will present our recent efforts on improving reliability and simplicity of deep UV Raman spectroscopy, which provides much improved sensitivity and specificity of detection (for example, we can routinely distinguish Coke® from Diet Coke® in a matter of milliseconds).","PeriodicalId":252939,"journal":{"name":"Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XIX: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116614602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Amelard, J. Au, K. Murray, D. Greaves, R. Hughson
{"title":"Non-contact biophotonic assessment of changes in central venous pressure using photoplethysmographic imaging (Conference Presentation)","authors":"R. Amelard, J. Au, K. Murray, D. Greaves, R. Hughson","doi":"10.1117/12.2510763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2510763","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":252939,"journal":{"name":"Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XIX: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127022780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Shadgan, Allan Fong, N. Manouchehri, K. So, Katelyn Shortt, F. Streijger, A. Macnab, B. Kwon
Introduction: Current clinical practice guidelines for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) patients suggest that increasing the mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 85-90 mmHg may improve spinal cord (SC) hemodynamics and oxygenation. The purpose of this study was to examine this effect using an implantable Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor. Methods: Nine anesthetized Yorkshire pigs were studied. A multi-wavelength NIRS system with a custom-made miniaturized optical sensor was applied directly onto the SC dura at T9 to measure tissue oxygenation and hemodynamics within the SC non-invasively. To validate the NIRS measures, an invasive Intraparenchymal (IP) combined O2/blood flow sensor was inserted directly into the SC adjacent to the NIRS probe at T11. Using NIRS, the SC tissue oxygenation percentage (TOI%), as well as concentrations of oxygenated, deoxygenated and total hemoglobin, were monitored before, during and after episodes of MAP alterations. Using norepinephrine and nitroprusside, MAP was increased and decreased by 20mmHg for 30 min periods, simulating the types of hemodynamic changes that SCI patients experience post-injury. Results: Changes in SC hemodynamics and oxygenation levels were detected in all subjects as measured by both the invasive IP and the non-invasive NIRS sensors. Changes of TOI% during MAP increase (1.64%, p<0.005) and decrease (-3.97%, p<0.005) were significant. A consistent decrease in TOI (-15.94%, p<0.005) was observed following SCI, indicating SC tissue hypoxia at the injury site. Conclusions: Using a miniaturized SC NIRS sensor we have shown the significant effect of MAP alterations on tissue oxygenation within the injured SC.
{"title":"Changes of mean arterial pressure affect spinal cord oxygenation as monitored by an implantable near-infrared spectroscopy sensor in an animal model of acute spinal cord injury (Conference Presentation)","authors":"B. Shadgan, Allan Fong, N. Manouchehri, K. So, Katelyn Shortt, F. Streijger, A. Macnab, B. Kwon","doi":"10.1117/12.2506715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2506715","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Current clinical practice guidelines for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) patients suggest that increasing the mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 85-90 mmHg may improve spinal cord (SC) hemodynamics and oxygenation. The purpose of this study was to examine this effect using an implantable Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor. Methods: Nine anesthetized Yorkshire pigs were studied. A multi-wavelength NIRS system with a custom-made miniaturized optical sensor was applied directly onto the SC dura at T9 to measure tissue oxygenation and hemodynamics within the SC non-invasively. To validate the NIRS measures, an invasive Intraparenchymal (IP) combined O2/blood flow sensor was inserted directly into the SC adjacent to the NIRS probe at T11. Using NIRS, the SC tissue oxygenation percentage (TOI%), as well as concentrations of oxygenated, deoxygenated and total hemoglobin, were monitored before, during and after episodes of MAP alterations. Using norepinephrine and nitroprusside, MAP was increased and decreased by 20mmHg for 30 min periods, simulating the types of hemodynamic changes that SCI patients experience post-injury. Results: Changes in SC hemodynamics and oxygenation levels were detected in all subjects as measured by both the invasive IP and the non-invasive NIRS sensors. Changes of TOI% during MAP increase (1.64%, p<0.005) and decrease (-3.97%, p<0.005) were significant. A consistent decrease in TOI (-15.94%, p<0.005) was observed following SCI, indicating SC tissue hypoxia at the injury site. Conclusions: Using a miniaturized SC NIRS sensor we have shown the significant effect of MAP alterations on tissue oxygenation within the injured SC.","PeriodicalId":252939,"journal":{"name":"Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XIX: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122933434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Lin, G. Coté, Kristen C. Maitland, Tiening Jin, Junchao Zhou, Paul Gordon, Cyril Soliman
Optical waveguides using a visible transparent nitride were developed to perform fluorescence measurement on a chip. Through finite difference time domain (FDTD) design, the exciting green light was guided by the micron-scale ridge waveguide, while its evanescent wave was expanded outside the waveguide surface and capable to efficiently excite the fluorescent molecules that were approaching the waveguide facets. Since the waveguide was centimeters long, it has a longer fluorescence excitation path comparing to traditional samples prepared for microscopy measurements. As result, the waveguide device can excite stronger fluorescent signals. In addition, the nitride waveguide was prepared by the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process thus enabling high volume manufacturing and reducing the cost of the device fabrication. The AlN waveguide was then integrated with a microfluidic devices to experimentally demonstrate real-time fluorescence detection. Solution samples with different dye concentrations were sequentially injected into the microfluidic chamber. By recording the emission signals, we showed that the fluorescent signals were consistently amplified as the dye concentrations increased. In addition, real-time fluorescence detection with a response time less than seconds was achieved. The developed waveguide based fluorescence measurement provides a new miniaturized platform for low cost and highly accurate point-of-care application.
{"title":"Optical waveguides for on-chip fluorescence measurements (Conference Presentation)","authors":"P. Lin, G. Coté, Kristen C. Maitland, Tiening Jin, Junchao Zhou, Paul Gordon, Cyril Soliman","doi":"10.1117/12.2508228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2508228","url":null,"abstract":"Optical waveguides using a visible transparent nitride were developed to perform fluorescence measurement on a chip. Through finite difference time domain (FDTD) design, the exciting green light was guided by the micron-scale ridge waveguide, while its evanescent wave was expanded outside the waveguide surface and capable to efficiently excite the fluorescent molecules that were approaching the waveguide facets. Since the waveguide was centimeters long, it has a longer fluorescence excitation path comparing to traditional samples prepared for microscopy measurements. As result, the waveguide device can excite stronger fluorescent signals. In addition, the nitride waveguide was prepared by the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process thus enabling high volume manufacturing and reducing the cost of the device fabrication. The AlN waveguide was then integrated with a microfluidic devices to experimentally demonstrate real-time fluorescence detection. Solution samples with different dye concentrations were sequentially injected into the microfluidic chamber. By recording the emission signals, we showed that the fluorescent signals were consistently amplified as the dye concentrations increased. In addition, real-time fluorescence detection with a response time less than seconds was achieved. The developed waveguide based fluorescence measurement provides a new miniaturized platform for low cost and highly accurate point-of-care application.","PeriodicalId":252939,"journal":{"name":"Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XIX: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127216459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inflammatory tissue response is one of the first and most common manifestations of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), a potentially deadly immune-mediated disease that occurs in 30-60% of patients after stem cell transplantation. A fundamental challenge in developing effective treatment strategies for aGVHD is the lack of tools to study disease biology in real-time in post-transplant patients. The inflammatory tissue response causes increased expression of specialized endothelial proteins on vessel walls making leukocytes to roll, adhere and eventually extravasate into the tissue at a higher rate than in normal conditions. Although the importance of leukocyte-endothelial interactions to detect and track inflammation has been well shown in murine models, there are no published clinical studies in humans. In this study, we explore the feasibility to detect presence of aGVHD in post-transplant patients through the imaging of in vivo leukocyte motion. We used a clinical confocal microscope (Vivascope 1500) to acquire videos of 5 aGVHD patients and 5 controls (no aGVHD) within 50±30 days post-transplant. The microscope is capable of real-time imaging of individual cells in the postcapillary vessels at 9 frames per second. Through video analysis, we extracted five quantitative parameters: number and velocity of rolling leukocytes, number of adherent leukocytes (stationary >30 s), blood flow velocity, and number of vessels. In a limited number of subjects, we show that parameters characteristic of the dynamic motion in skin capillaries can be observed noninvasively in post-transplant patients. Further studies are needed to test the diagnostic potential of these parameters.
{"title":"Leukocyte dynamics in cutaneous acute graft-versus-host disease by noninvasive laser confocal video microscopy: a cross-sectional pilot study (Conference Presentation)","authors":"I. Saknite, M. Byrne, M. Jagasia, E. Tkaczyk","doi":"10.1117/12.2510585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2510585","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory tissue response is one of the first and most common manifestations of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), a potentially deadly immune-mediated disease that occurs in 30-60% of patients after stem cell transplantation. A fundamental challenge in developing effective treatment strategies for aGVHD is the lack of tools to study disease biology in real-time in post-transplant patients. The inflammatory tissue response causes increased expression of specialized endothelial proteins on vessel walls making leukocytes to roll, adhere and eventually extravasate into the tissue at a higher rate than in normal conditions. Although the importance of leukocyte-endothelial interactions to detect and track inflammation has been well shown in murine models, there are no published clinical studies in humans. In this study, we explore the feasibility to detect presence of aGVHD in post-transplant patients through the imaging of in vivo leukocyte motion. We used a clinical confocal microscope (Vivascope 1500) to acquire videos of 5 aGVHD patients and 5 controls (no aGVHD) within 50±30 days post-transplant. The microscope is capable of real-time imaging of individual cells in the postcapillary vessels at 9 frames per second. Through video analysis, we extracted five quantitative parameters: number and velocity of rolling leukocytes, number of adherent leukocytes (stationary >30 s), blood flow velocity, and number of vessels. In a limited number of subjects, we show that parameters characteristic of the dynamic motion in skin capillaries can be observed noninvasively in post-transplant patients. Further studies are needed to test the diagnostic potential of these parameters.","PeriodicalId":252939,"journal":{"name":"Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XIX: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125553023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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