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IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, 2004.最新文献

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A small iron ball position control by symbolic input and output 小铁球位置控制采用符号输入和输出
Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAMECH.2004.1438945
T. Zanma, Y. Takei, M. Ishida
This paper concerns a control problem for a specification which requires a finer description than the resolution of available sensors and actuators. Such a situation may arise when the sensors are kind of limit switches and actuators are on/off control architecture while control specification is to be achieved as accurate as possible. An experimental setup is taken to clarify our problem setup. The experimental setup is a ball position control system in which a small iron ball rotates on a beam. For the experimental setup, we propose a control algorithm based on discrete input and output and continuous state estimation. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the experimental setup to demonstrate its effectiveness as well as numerical simulation.
本文讨论了一个规格的控制问题,该规格要求比可用传感器和执行器的分辨率更精细的描述。当传感器是一种限位开关,执行器是一种开/关控制架构,而控制规范要尽可能精确时,就可能出现这种情况。采用实验设置来澄清我们的问题设置。实验装置是一个小球位置控制系统,其中一个小铁球在梁上旋转。对于实验装置,我们提出了一种基于离散输入输出和连续状态估计的控制算法。最后,通过实验验证了该方法的有效性,并进行了数值模拟。
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引用次数: 1
On the comparison of model-based and modeless robotic calibration based on the fuzzy interpolation technique 基于模糊插值技术的基于模型与无模型机器人标定的比较
Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAMECH.2004.1438036
Yin Bai, H. Zhuang
Traditional robot calibrations implement model-based and modeless methods. The calibration of position error in model-based method implements four steps: kinematic model definition of the robot, measurement process of the robot's positions, identification of the kinematic model of the robot and compensation of the position errors. This method is both time consuming and complicated because of the identification and compensation processes. Most traditional modeless methods are relatively simple and practical, but the calibration accuracy is relatively low and most of them are only suitable for the robots calibration in 2D domain and in relative small workspaces. This paper provides a novel modeless fuzzy interpolation method to improve the compensation accuracy for the robots calibration in 3D workspace. A comparison between the model-based and modeless fuzzy interpolation calibration method is made. The simulated results show that the modeless fuzzy interpolation calibration method is compatible with the model-based calibration method, and even outperforms a model-based counterpart in terms of accuracy and complexity in small workspaces.
传统的机器人标定采用基于模型和非模型的方法。基于模型方法的位置误差标定实现了机器人运动学模型的定义、机器人位置的测量过程、机器人运动学模型的识别和位置误差的补偿四个步骤。该方法耗时长,且辨识和补偿过程复杂。传统的非模态方法大多比较简单实用,但标定精度较低,且大多只适用于二维空间和相对较小的工作空间的机器人标定。为了提高机器人三维工作空间标定的补偿精度,提出了一种新的非模态模糊插值方法。对基于模型和无模型的模糊插值标定方法进行了比较。仿真结果表明,非模态模糊插值校准方法与基于模型的校准方法兼容,在小工作空间的精度和复杂度上都优于基于模型的校准方法。
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引用次数: 11
An improved tightly coupled approach for GPS/INS integration 一种改进的GPS/INS紧密耦合集成方法
Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAMECH.2004.1438085
Wang Wei, Liu Zongyu, X. Rongrong
The GPS/INS integration system has been widely applied for navigation due to its complementary characteristics. The tightly coupled integration approach has the advantage over the loosely coupled approach by using raw GPS measurements, but hence introduces nonlinearity into the measurement equation of the Kalman filter. So, linearization is usually used. Consequently, the errors of linearization may make the Kalman filter unstable or even divergent, especially under the situation that low quality inertial devices are included. To solve this problem, an improved tightly coupled approach by adding second-order derivative information to retain some nonlinear characteristics is proposed in this paper. Simulation results indicate that the nonlinear terms included in the filtering process greatly influence the performance of integration, especially in the case where the low quality INS is used in the integrated system.
GPS/INS组合系统以其互补的特点在导航领域得到了广泛的应用。紧耦合积分方法比使用原始GPS测量值的松耦合积分方法有优势,但因此在卡尔曼滤波器的测量方程中引入了非线性。所以,线性化是常用的。因此,线性化误差可能导致卡尔曼滤波不稳定甚至发散,特别是在包含低质量惯性器件的情况下。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种改进的紧耦合方法,通过增加二阶导数信息来保留一些非线性特征。仿真结果表明,滤波过程中包含的非线性项对集成系统的性能影响很大,特别是在集成系统中使用低质量的惯性控制系统时。
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引用次数: 5
Experimental study of hybrid cam mechanism 混合凸轮机构的实验研究
Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAMECH.2004.1437988
A. Panga, B. Seth
In this paper we have presented a programmable hybrid mechanism (PHM) capable of producing various types of translatory profiles while carrying loads of up to 5 kilograms. The output is driven by a five bar mechanism, which, in turn, is driven by a servo input and a reference input. By choosing the correct trajectories of the servo input and the starting position, the torque sharing characteristics can be improved, such that the lowest rating servo motor will suffice. Thus providing flexibility at a reduced cost. Also the reference input which can be a constant speed motion can be derived from some other source, thus not needing a dedicated motor. Such a device can replace cams in applications where the functional relationship between the input and the output motions changes from time to time, such as packaging equipment and control of valve timings of IC engines. The PHM setup has been designed and fabricated. Simulation of the mechanism is carried out using ADAMS, to determine the size of servo motor. An approach to determine optimal control input to the mechanism for a given output profile is discussed. The experimental setup allows users to generate various cam profiles and study the deviations. Various profiles were generated within reasonable accuracy. A typical cam profile has been considered and optimization of control trajectory results in RMS torque reduction of 57%.
在本文中,我们提出了一种可编程混合机构(PHM),能够在承载高达5公斤的负载时产生各种类型的平移轮廓。输出由五杆机构驱动,该机构依次由伺服输入和参考输入驱动。通过选择正确的伺服输入轨迹和起始位置,可以改善转矩共享特性,从而使最低额定伺服电机即可满足要求。从而以较低的成本提供灵活性。此外,参考输入可以是一个恒定的速度运动,可以从一些其他来源,因此不需要一个专用的电机。在输入和输出运动之间的功能关系不时变化的应用中,例如包装设备和IC发动机气门正时的控制,这种装置可以代替凸轮。设计并制作了PHM装置。利用ADAMS对机构进行仿真,确定伺服电机的尺寸。讨论了在给定输出轮廓下确定机构最优控制输入的方法。实验设置允许用户生成各种凸轮轮廓并研究偏差。在合理的精度范围内生成了各种轮廓。考虑了一种典型的凸轮型线,优化控制轨迹可使RMS转矩降低57%。
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引用次数: 2
Software reuse in robotics: Enabling portability in the face of diversity 机器人技术中的软件重用:在多样性面前实现可移植性
Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAMECH.2004.1438043
Robert Smith, Glenn Smith, Aster Wardhani
Software development for robotics applications is characterised by a high degree of specialisation. The reasons for this may centre on the diversity of robotic hardware, limitations on performance, and the need to perform complex and diverse tasks. The result of using such specialised software is an almost non-existent level or software portability. It is proposed that the use of abstraction can enable the use or component software and bring with it the benefits or reuse. Abstraction of robotic hardware and software is difficult, and it is clear that a single robot abstraction is not practical due to the degree or diversity. It is proposed that some middle ground between specialisation and complete abstraction can be found. A second level component framework using fuzzy logic techniques is presented to illustrate how a significant degree of abstraction can be achieved, facilitating software portability, while accommodating the diversity of robotics.
机器人应用软件开发的特点是高度专业化。造成这种情况的原因可能集中在机器人硬件的多样性,性能的限制,以及执行复杂和多样化任务的需要。使用这种专门软件的结果是几乎不存在的软件可移植性水平。提出抽象的使用可以使组件软件的使用成为可能,并带来重用的好处。机器人硬件和软件的抽象是困难的,很明显,由于程度或多样性,单一的机器人抽象是不实用的。建议在专门化和完全抽象之间找到一些中间地带。提出了使用模糊逻辑技术的第二级组件框架,以说明如何实现重要程度的抽象,促进软件可移植性,同时适应机器人技术的多样性。
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引用次数: 4
Tracking control of a mobile robot using a genetically tuned mixed H/sub 2//H/sub /spl infin// adaptive technique 基于遗传调谐混合H/sub //H/sub /spl自适应技术的移动机器人跟踪控制
Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAMECH.2004.1438912
Adel Akbari Majd, M. Yazdanpanah, G.K. Khosrowshahi
There are two major methods for motion control of non-holonomic mobile robots when the knowledge about the model is not complete: adaptive control and robust control. The combination of two methods allows tuning of the robust controller and assures a satisfactory performance in practical situations. In this paper, a mixed H/sub 2//H/sub /spl infin// PID controller incorporated with an adaptive term is developed for tracking control of a mobile robot The controller's parameters are optimally tuned to minimize the energy of control signals via a genetic algorithm. The proposed control technique is numerically simulated on a mobile robot and the results are compared with two other methods: an adaptive method and a robust H/sub /spl infin// method. The simulation results show that the proposed technique results in the smallest control energy. Also, it may tolerate uncertainties up to 99% in comparison to the corresponding values of 85% and 94% for the previously proposed methods, respectively.
在模型知识不完备的情况下,非完整移动机器人的运动控制主要有两种方法:自适应控制和鲁棒控制。两种方法的结合允许鲁棒控制器的调谐,并确保在实际情况下令人满意的性能。针对移动机器人的跟踪控制问题,提出了一种混合H/sub //H/sub /spl // PID控制器,该控制器采用遗传算法对控制器参数进行优化,使控制信号的能量最小。在移动机器人上对所提出的控制方法进行了数值仿真,并与自适应控制方法和鲁棒H/sub /spl infin//方法进行了比较。仿真结果表明,该方法具有最小的控制能量。此外,与之前提出的方法的相应值分别为85%和94%相比,它可以容忍高达99%的不确定性。
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引用次数: 5
Research on novel flexible pneumatic actuator FPA 新型柔性气动执行器FPA的研究
Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAMECH.2004.1438950
Qinghua Yang, Libin Zhang, G. Bao, Sheng Xu, J. Ruan
A novel flexible pneumatic actuator FPA is proposed in this paper. The structure and properties of FPA are described. Based on FPA, flexible pneumatic bending joint, flexible pneumatic torsion joint and flexible pneumatic spherical joint are developed. The mathematical models of flexible pneumatic bending joint and flexible pneumatic spherical joint are established. Experiments are carried out to investigate the characteristics of these two joints by utilizing intelligent control techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that flexible pneumatic bending joint and flexible pneumatic spherical joint can meet the designed requirement of application. Finally, the aim and direction of the future work are forecasted.
提出了一种新型的柔性气动执行器FPA。介绍了FPA的结构和性能。在此基础上,开发了气动柔性弯曲接头、气动柔性扭转接头和气动柔性球面接头。建立了气动柔性弯曲关节和气动柔性球面关节的数学模型。利用智能控制技术对这两种关节的特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,气动柔性弯曲接头和气动柔性球面接头能够满足设计的应用要求。最后,展望了今后工作的目标和方向。
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引用次数: 32
Integrating of event detection and mode recognition in hybrid systems by fuzzy Petri net 基于模糊Petri网的混合系统事件检测与模式识别集成
Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAMECH.2004.1438928
Abolfazl Jalilvand, S. Khanmohammadi
Control of hybrid systems is an area that is currently attended by world control communities. One of the main stages in control of hybrid systems is the recognition of the operating modes and the discrete events in the system. In this paper a method for identifying the operating modes and events is introduced in threshold event driven hybrid systems. The method is constructed based on fuzzy Petri net and the concepts of fuzzy ordering relation. Then the proposed method is used for control of an illustrative hybrid system example. The simulation results show that the proposed approach satisfies the expected demands.
混合系统的控制是目前世界控制界关注的一个领域。混合系统控制的主要阶段之一是系统运行模式和离散事件的识别。本文介绍了阈值事件驱动混合系统的工作模式和事件识别方法。该方法是基于模糊Petri网和模糊排序关系的概念构造的。然后将所提出的方法用于一个说明性混合系统的控制实例。仿真结果表明,该方法满足了预期的要求。
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引用次数: 7
Visual object tracking by a camera mounted on a 6DOF industrial robot 通过安装在6自由度工业机器人上的摄像机进行视觉目标跟踪
Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAMECH.2004.1438919
N. Aouf, Hani Rajabi, Nadim Rajabi, H. Alanbari, C. Perron
In this paper, a visual servoing module based on look and move concept is presented. A Motoman UPJ industrial robot is used to track an object (laser beam projection), which moves within a 2D plane workspace. An industrial controller drives this UPJ robot using non-accessible control architecture. A serial communication protocol, a suitable way to transfer information from and to the robot controller, is used for the proposed visual tracking setup. This setup shows acceptable tracking performance, which is improved by a multi-iteration implementation strategy based on a continuous tracking.
本文提出了一种基于视动概念的视觉伺服模块。Motoman UPJ工业机器人用于跟踪物体(激光束投影),该物体在二维平面工作空间内移动。一个工业控制器驱动这个UPJ机器人使用非无障碍控制架构。在视觉跟踪设置中,采用了一种适合与机器人控制器之间传递信息的串行通信协议。这种设置显示了可接受的跟踪性能,通过基于连续跟踪的多迭代实现策略可以改进跟踪性能。
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引用次数: 7
A remote diagnosis system for rotating machinery using virtual reality 基于虚拟现实技术的旋转机械远程诊断系统
Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/ietisy/e88-d.5.894
M. Bellamine, N. Abe, Kazuaki Tanaka, H. Taki
It is important to look for alternative forms of physical movement of people and equipment in order to assure diagnosis and maintenance tasks, especially in an environment where workers are subject to danger. An evident and classical solution is the use of tele-operation and tele-robotics. If tele-operation helps to solve real and technical problems, it is still unable to assure appropriate remote diagnosis and maintenance. The use of virtual reality techniques with tele-operation can be the solution for effective remote maintenance and diagnosis. We show that inefficiency occurred with the use of tele-operation only in remote maintenance. We introduce our original new system where we use 2D-3D matching and virtual reality techniques with tele-operation to remotely collect machinery vibration data. We explain its structure, implementation and advantages. We finished by experimenting the system, measuring the different operating times and precision and discussing the results.
重要的是寻找人员和设备的其他物理运动形式,以确保诊断和维护任务,特别是在工人面临危险的环境中。一个明显而经典的解决方案是使用远程操作和远程机器人技术。如果远程操作有助于解决实际和技术问题,它仍然无法保证适当的远程诊断和维护。利用虚拟现实技术进行远程操作,可以实现有效的远程维护和诊断。我们表明,只有在远程维护中使用远程操作才会出现低效率。我们介绍了我们独创的新系统,该系统使用2D-3D匹配和虚拟现实技术与远程操作来远程收集机械振动数据。介绍了它的结构、实现和优点。最后对系统进行了实验,测量了不同的操作时间和精度,并对结果进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, 2004.
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